Yanditswe na Seburanga J. Leonard*
Mu kwezi kwa Werurwe uyu mwaka wa 2018, inkuru y’isezererwa rya bwana MUSONI James wahoze ari minisitiri w’ibikorwa remezo muri guverinoma ya KAGAME Paul yasakaye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Abantu banyuranye bayitanzeho ibitekerezo, cyane cyane ku byerekeye impamvu batekerezaga ko ari zo zasunikiye KAGAME Paul gufata umwanzuro wo kumukura muri guverinoma ye. Abari basanzwe bazi ko uwo muminisitiri yari amaze igihe kirerekire avugwaho imikorere igayitse ariko, aho kubihanirwa, agakomeza guhabwa ibikundiro byihariye, bibajije icyabaye ku buryo abantu bari kwizera ko koko KAGAME Paul yafashe icyemezo cyo kumukuraho amaboko.
Benshi batekereje ko ari itekinika risanzwe rya FPR; bityo, aho kuraguza ifuro, bategereje kuzareba aho uwo muvuno werekeza. Abandi batekereje ko yaba afitanye na KAGAME Paul ikibazo gikomeye nk’abantu ku giti cyabo, bityo bafata ibyo kumwirukana muri guverinoma nk’ibidafite icyo bisobanuye kidasanzwe muri politiki y’igihugu. « Abanyurwa manuma » bo byabahaye umwanya wo gutambutsa igitekerezo cyabo cy’uko basanga KAGAME Paul atari we nyirabayazana w’ibibazo byo mu rwego rwa politiki byugarije u Rwanda, maze bemeza rubanda ko yaba yarakuye uwo muminisitiri muri guverinoma ye ngo mu rwego rwo kwigizayo abo bafata nk’abamuvangira.
Iyi nkuru iragaruka kuri uyu muco mubi wo « kunyurwa manuma » wagiye uba inzitizi ikomeye ku maza ya demokarasi mu Rwanda. « Abalideri » banyurwa manuma bakerensa ubukana bw’ubugome bw’umunyagitugu kugeza n’aho basa n’abatakibona akaga gakururwa n’ubutegetsi bwe, ndetse bamwe bakamufata nk’umudemokarate cyangwa « umunyagitugu umurikiwe n’ishoborabyose (dictateur éclairé) », mu gihe we yikomereje gahunda ze zo zo kwikubira ubutegetsi no guhonyora uburenganzira bw’abenegihugu. Bena abo « balideri » ntibubaka demokarasi.
(I) KAGAME PAUL WE UBWE SI SHYASHYA.
Mu bihugu biha perezida wa repubulika imbaraga zidasanzwe (système présidentiel) nk’uko bimeze ku Rwanda, ubutegetsi nyubahirizategeko buba bushingiye ku mahitamo ya perezida ubwe. Ni yo mpamvu amakosa akomeye mu mikorere y’ubutegetsi buriho ubu mu Rwanda yabazwa KAGAME Paul. Ntayabazwa kubera ko ngo n’ubusanzwe « zitukwamo nkuru » −byaba ari ugupfobya uruhare we ubwe afite mu mikorere mibi−, ahubwo ayabazwa kubera ko aba akomoka ku mahitamo ye mabi (1) yerekeranye n’ibikorwa bye bwite cyangwa (2) mu bihereranye no gushyira abayobozi mu myanya, kubaha amabwiriza, kubagenzura no kubafatira ibyemezo mu gihe bigaragaweho amakosa.
Nk’uko umwe mu mfungwa za politiki, RWIGARA Diane, yabikomojeho ubwe agira ati “Ndasaba Perezida Kagame kuturekura njye n’umuryango wanjye”, KAGAME Paul ari ku isonga ry’abafashe icyemezo cyo kumufunga. We kimwe n’izindi mfungwa za politiki (1) bafunzwe kubera ko batavuga rumwe n’ishyaka RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) riri ku butegetsi KAGAME Paul abereye umuyobozi, (2) bafunzwe n’inzego zikorera mu kwaha kwe, kandi (3) abayobozi ba za gereza bafungiwemo bashyirwaho bakanahabwa amabwiriza na we mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye. Uko bigaragara, ntibari kuba bafunzwe iyo Paul Kagame aba atabishaka kubera ko n’iyo bari gufungwa atabizi, aho abimenyeye yari kubafungura.
Kuba umuntu ashinja abandi amakosa kandi wenda baranayakoze koko si ikimenyetso na busa ko we ari shyashya; kuri KAGAME Paul we hiyongeraho ko uruhare rwe mu kaga abanyarwanda barimo rusanzwe ruzwi. Ku rundi ruhande, kuba abo ashinje baceceka ntibamunyomoze si ikimenyetso cy’uko byanze bikunze baba bemeye ayo makosa nk’ayabo bwite; si n’ikimenyetso cy’uko baba bemeye ko batayakoreshejwe na we ubwe. Mu gihugu abaturage badafite ubwisanzure mu kuvuga ibyo batekereza, ntibitangaje ko umuntu yaruca akarumira kandi mu by’ukuri yari afite ibihamya byakabaye bimurenganura iyo aza kuba yemerewe kubigaragaza. Kubw’ibyo, kuvuga ko kutiregura kw’abo KAGAME Paul ashinja bibahamya icyaha ni ibyo kwitonderwa kubera ko, usibye gushegesha umutima w’abagizweho ingaruka mbi n’ubutegetsi bwa KAGAME Paul, (1) binasa n’ibyumvikanisha ko we ari inyangamugayo ikwiye kujora abandi no kubacira urubanza kandi (2) bigashyira mu gatebo kamwe abo arenganya batabasha kuzamura ijwi ngo biregure (n’ubwo bagomba kuba ari bo bake) n’abo ashinja amakosa baranayakoze koko.
(II) UMUCO MUBI WO « KUNYURWA MANUMA » NI INZITIZI IKOMEYE KU MAZA YA DEMOKARASI MU RWANDA.
KAGAME Paul aramutse ashaka gufasha abanyarwanda koko nk’uko bamwe babitekereza,ntibyagaragazwa gusa no (1) kubwira urubyiruko ko abayobozi yishyiriraho ubwe ari abantu badashobotse nk’aho mu Rwanda nta nyangamugayo zishoboye zihaba ngo abe ari zo yagize abayobozi, (2) kuvuga ko hari abayobozi biremereza bagaca intege abashaka gukora ibyiza nk’aho abo biremereza bo atari we ubashyiraho akanabasezerera igihe ashakiye, (3) kwirukana bamwe mu bayobozi bakoze ibyaha nk’aho abo acira inkoni izamba n’abo akingira ikibaba bo bemerewe kuba hejuru y’amategeko agenga abakozi ba leta, (4) kuvuga kenshi ko yifuza impinduka zigamije guteza imbere inyungu z’abaturage ariko ntabishyire mu ngiro nk’aho hari undi mu bo bafatanyije ufite ububasha kumurusha umubuza kubigenza atyo. « Abanyurwa manuma » ni bo bonyine mu balideri baha agaciro amagambo nk’aya y’umwicanyi n’umubeshyi wabigize umwuga. Bena abo « balideri » ntibubaka demokarasi. Ikibabaje ni uko banga kuyoboza, bayoborwa ntibayoboke, bayoba bakanayobya abandi ndetse ingaruka z’ubuyobe bwabo zikazagera no ku baribigengesereye bakirinda kuyoba.
Ni koko, amateka y’u Rwanda agaragaza neza ko uyu muco mubi « kunyurwa manuma » wagiye utuma abanyapolitiki batari bake, bakuruwe n’irondandonke cyangwa ku zindi mpamvu, bagiye bagwa mu makosa akomeye yo kugirana imikorere n’ibisahiranda, ba gashozantambara na ba bangamwabo. Koko rero, lisiti y’« abalideri » bagiye « banyurwa manuma » bakemera gufatanya n’abicanyi babita abademokarate imaze kuba ndende. Abanyarwanda baribuka abanyapolitiki ba opozisiyo babyiganiraga kuba inkoramutima z’inkotanyi mu myaka ya za 1990 si urwa kera ku buryo hari « umulideri » wavuga ko yarwibagiwe. Aho ingaruka z’iryo piganwa ridashishoza rigejeje umuryango nyarwanda hagaragarira bose. « Abalideri » nyabo bo muri iki gihe bazi ko KAGAME Paul na FPR barenze ihaniro kera kandi ko ukuri n’ubunyangamugayo ari ikizira mu mikorere yabo ntibarenga ku nyigisho bakomora kuri ayo mateka mabi ya bamwe mu banyapolitiki bo mu gihe cyahise ngo bemere guheka impyisi, zaba iziri ku butegetsi cyangwa izinjiye muri opozisiyo zimaze gukora amahano.
Ku bw’ibyo, abanyapolitiki bavuga ko baharanira inyungu rusange z’abanyarwanda n’abifuza kuyobora igihugu bakwiye kudaha agaciro amagambo KAGAME Paul avuga yiyobagiza cyanywa agamije guhuma rubanda amaso imbere y’inyanja y’ibibazo by’ingutu yashoyemo u Rwanda; bakwiye kwirinda umuco mubi wokamye abatari bake wo « kunyurwa manuma » n’uwo gusunikira abandi kudafatana ibintu uburemere bukwiye.
(III) IBIHAMYA BYO MU GIHE CYAHISE BIBEREYEHO GUFASHA MU MYANZURO MYIZA YO MU GIHE CYA NONE N’IKIZAZA.
Mbere yo gutumirira rubanda kubashyigikira muri ubwo buyobe, abatumirira abandi kuba « abakarabya ba KAGAME Paul », bakwiye kubanza
(1) gutangaza ku mugaragaro ibisubizo bagiye bahabwa ku butumwa bo ubwabo boherereje KAGAME Paul ubwe mu gihe cyahise kimwe n’icyo bazi ku busabe nk’ubwo abanyarwanda batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bagiye bamwoherereza mu bihe binyuranye.
(2) kwandikira KAGAME Paul bakamugezaho ibyo bamusaba muri iki gihe, maze baba bamaze kubona igisubizo cyiza akaba ari cyo baheraho (n’ubwo na byo bitaba bihagije) basaba abantu guhindura uko babona imikorere ya KAGAME Paul.
(3) gutangariza rubanda uko bahuza icyifuzo bafite cyo gufatanya na KAGAME Paul mu butegetsi bw’igihugu n’inshingano bafite yo guharanira ko abahekuwe, abahungabanyijwe, abahohotewe, abahutajwe n’abatorongejwe na we, bimuturutseho cyangwa abirebera bahabwa ubutabera.
(IV) HAKENEWE AMAHINDUKA YIMBITSE.
Kuba KAGAME Paul yafata icyemezo cyo gufungura imfungwa za politiki –n’ubwo impfu za hato na hato nk’urwa Me MUTUNZI Donati n’abandi zikomeje kugaragara mu Rwanda zica amarenga ko atiteguye gufata icyo cyemezo– ntibyaba byanze bikunze ari ikimenyetso kidakuka cy’uko noneno yiyemeje guha abanyarwanda ihumure. Aho kumusaba gukora amahinduka atimbitse, abanyapolitiki batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi buriho ubu mu Rwanda bakwiye kwibutsa KAGAME Paul ko rubanda imwitezeho gukora amavugurwa akomeye yaba akubiyemo nibura ibi ibikurikira:
(1) Guhitamo hagati yo (a) GUHITA YEGURA KU MWANYA W’UMUKURU W’IGIHUGU, nk’uzirikana ko u Rwanda rukwiye kuyoborwa n’inyangamugayo (we akaba atarabaye yo) kandi ko u Rwanda rwabayeho mbere ye atabigishijweho inama kandi na nyuma ye ntaho ruzajya no (b) GUKORESHA UBUBASHA AFITE UBU AGAFASHA: (i) igisirikare cy’u Rwanda kwemera uruhare rubi ingabo z’igihugu zagize mu mateka y’u Rwanda, byaba amahire akazifasha kwiyumvisha ko zikwiye kwemera no kwakira neza politiki yo gusesa imitwe yose y’ingabo z’u Rwanda kugirango amaherezo ruzabeho rudafite impugenge za kuteda (coups d’état) n’intambara zishyamiranya abenegihugu kandi zigateza umutekano muke mu karere ruherereyemo, cyangwa se, ibyo byaba bidashobotse, akazifasha kwivugurura zigasezerera iterabwoba, irondakoko, n’umuco mubi wo kwemera gukorerera mu kwaha kw’abantu ku giti cyabo; (ii) polisi y’igihugu kwivugurura igasezerera iterabwoba, irondakoko n’umuco mubi wo gukorera mu kwaha kw’abantu ku giti cyabo, igamije kwiyubaka nk’urwego rucungira umutekano abaturarwanda bose n’abashyitsi barugenderera mu buryo buzira amakemwa; (iii) ubucamanza bw’u Rwanda kugera ku bwigenge, kugirango bube bushobora burenganura abarengana bose, hakubiyemo no gufungura imfungwa za politiki; (iv) Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora kugira ubwigenge butuma ishobora gukoresha amatora mu bwisanzure bw’abitoresha n’abatora, kugirango hazageho umukuru w’igihugu wizewe na rubanda n’inteko ishinga amategeko yigenga ku rugero ruhagije ku buryo yazaba ifite ububasha bwo gushyiraho amategeko aganisha ku miyoborere myiza n’ubwo kugenzura uburyo guverinoma iyashyira mu bikorwa; (v) itangazamakuru kugera ku bwisanzure, bityo ribe rishobora gutungira agatoki abanyarwanda n’abayobozi aho bitagenda neza nta nkomyi;(vi) amashyaka ya politiki n’amashyirahamwe ya sosiyete sivili kubona ubwisanzure, bityo, nta mususu no kwikanga, ashakire ibisubizo ibibazo byananiye ishyaka riri ku butegetsi.
(2) Gusaba imbabazi ku mugaragaro abanyarwanda, by’umwihariko abahekuwe, bahungabanyijwe, abahohotewe abahutajwe n’abatorongejwe na we, bimuturutseho cyangwa abirebera.
(3) Kwemera nta mananiza ibyemezo abanyarwanda bazamufatira (urugero, babinyujije mu nkiko bishyiriyeho, mu mishyikirano cyangwa mu itora rya referendum) bagamije guha ubutabera abahekuwe, abahungabanyijwe, abahohotewe, abahutajwe n’abatorongejwe na we, bimuturutseho cyangwa abirebera.
(V) UMWANZURO.
(1) Kubera ko agaciro ka demokarasi n’uburenganzira bwa kiremwamuntu baharanira burenze kure cyane ibyo umunyagitugu n’abamwububira bashobora gutanga, ntibitangaje ko ab’inyangamugayo mu banyapolitiki batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi buriho ubu mu Rwanda batazarota bacyeza umunyagitugu KAGAME Paul, uko inyungu zaba zishobora kuvamo zaba zingana kose.
(2) Kubera ko ibibazo byo mu rwego rwa politiki u Rwanda rwa none ruhanganye na byo bikomoka ku mahitamo mabi y’abantu benshi mu bihe n’ahantu hatandukanye, ntibishobora gukemurwa n’umuntu umwe, intangiriro y’amaza ya demokarasi n’iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa kiremwamuntu mu Rwanda ni igihe abanyarwanda, muri rusange, n’abanyapolitiki barwo, by’umwihariko, bazaba baramaze kwicengezamo imyumvire y’uko nta muntu kamara ubaho, ko imvugo ngo ni « we wenyine ushoboye » ari ikimenyetso cy’uko uwo yerekezaho aba yarananiwe, kuruta uko yaba igihamya cy’uko ari indashyikirwa mu byiza.
(3) Kubera ko bigaragara ko KAGAME Paul afite uruhare rutaziguye mu miyoborere mibi n’amahano yagwiriye u Rwanda, ko ab’inyangamugayo mu banyapolitiki batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi buriho ubu mu Rwanda birinda « kunyurwa manuma »; ntibaha agaciro amagambo asize umunyu ya KAGAME Paul avuga yiyobagiza cyanywa agamije guhuma rubanda amaso imbere y’inyanja y’ibibazo by’ingutu yashoyemo u Rwanda; biyumvisha neza ko ari ngombwa cyane ko habanza kubaho amahinduka meza yimbitse kugirango byemezwe ko imyitwarire runaka y’umunyagitugu ari ikimenyetso kidakuka cy’uko yiyemeje gukora ibikenewe ngo asubize ibintu mu buryo.
*Seburanga J. Leonard ni umwalimu wahindutse impirimbanyi, umwenegihugu wahindutse impunzi, rubanda rugufi wiyemeje gukora politiki. Inyandiko z’ubushakashatsi yakoze zigaragara mu bitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, birimo ibitangazwa na Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis n’abandi. Yigishaga akanakora ubushakashatsi muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda kugeza ahunze ubutegetsi bw’igitugu mu Ugushyingo 2015.Ubu aba mu gihugu cy’u Bubiligi.
