Gusubiza ibyanditswe mu nkuru yiswe: Abanyamulenge mu myiteguro ya nyuma y’intambara karundura- Igice I

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Impamvu: Gusubiza ibyanditswe mu nkuru yanyu yo kuwa 03/07/2017 yiswe: Abanyamulenge mu myiteguro ya nyuma y’intambara karundura- Igice I, yaranditswe n’uwitwa Kanuma Christophe.

Muraho neza banyamakuru ba The Rwandan.com ! Tariki ya 03/07/2017, urubuga rwanyu rwatangaje inkuru ifite umutwe twagaragaje hejuru aha. Kubera byinshi twasanzemo bitari ukuri, twahisemo kubagezaho iyi nyandiko igaragaza uko tubizi kugira ngo muyitangarize abasomyi banyu nk’uko amategeko agenga umwuga w’itaganzamakuru abiteganya.

Uretse ibitari ukuri, inkuru yanyu yuzuyemo amarangamutima menshi ku buryo umuntu yakwibaza niba koko amakuru mwanditse mufite abantu bizewe bayabahaye cyangwa niba mwarayahawe n’abafite inyungu zo guharabika Abanyamurenge. Ni inkuru isebya umuryango wabo wose ndetse yanashira mu kaga ubuzima kandi ikaba yabangamira inyungu z’Abanyamurenge zitandukanye.

Mu rwego rwo korohereza abasomyi, twahisemo gusubiza ibyo tutemera kimwe kuri kimwe. Duhera kubyo Kanuma yanditse, hanyuma tukagaragaza ukuri kwabyo nk’uko tukuzi.

Kanuma: Hari mu kwezi kw’Ukuboza 2016 ubwo Mai Mai Aoci igizwe ahanini n’ubwoko bw’Abafuliru bagabaga igitero kubanyamurenge ikanyaga inka zabo ikazitwara. Mu minsi mike inyeshyamba za FDLR igice gikorera muri Kivu y’amajyepfo zakulikiye izo Mai Mai Aoci bararwana babasha kugarura izo nka bazisubiza Abanyamulenge. Inkuru y’uyu mubano hagati y’Abatutsi b’Abanyamulenge n’inyeshyamba z’Abahutu za FDLR ishobora kuba itarakiriwe neza m’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’igihugu cy’igituranyi cya Congo bityo biyemeza gushaka icyakorwa.

Igisubizo cyacu: Biragaragara ko ibyo umunyamakuru yanditse bishingiye ku bihuha, ndetse nta n’uwatinya gukeka ko yaba yarakoreshejwe n’umwanzi w’Abanyamurenge. Ikibazo cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro muri Kongo kimaze iminsi myinshi, kandi koko nta cyumweru kirangira hatavuzwe amakuru y’inka zanyazwe mu biraro. Ariko ibyo umunyamakuru avuga birimo ibinyoma n’amakuru atuzuye. Icyambere, aravuga inka zinyagwa ntavuge abungeri bazo bicwa umunsi ku wundi nk’aho inka arizo z’ingenzi. Icyakabiri, kuvuga ko Abanyamurenge biyambaje FDLR kugira ngo zibagarurire inka ni ugusesereza gukabije. Inka z’Abanyamurenge zabashije kwamburwa Mai Mai zagaruwe iteka n’ingabo za Leta ya Kongo zirangajwe imbere n’abana b’Abanyamurenge ndetse hari n’aho abungeri ubwabo bagerageza uko bashoboye, zimwe bakazigarura, izindi zikanyagwa. Ntabwo biri ngombwa kuvuga amazina y’abasirikare bagira uruhare rufatika mukugarura izo nka, ariko Kanuma aramutse ashatse kumenya ukuri yareba abo yegera, bakamuha amakuru yizewe. Guhuza Abanyamurenge na FDLR bigaragaza guhuzagurika no n’ubushake bwo kwanduza isura no guharabika umuryango w’Abanyamurenge. Uretse na FDLR yahekuye Abatutsi muri rusange n’Abanyamurenge ubwabo, ntawundi mutwe n’umwe w’iterabwoba cyangwa witwaje ibirwanisho wigeze ukorana n’Abanyamurenge ku mpamvu iyo ariyo yose.

Kanuma: Mu mezi make gusa ibyo bibaye haje kwaduka intambara ikaze hagati y’Abafuliru n’Abanyamulenge. Inka z’Abanyamulenge ziricwa, amazu aratwikwa, abaturage baricwa abandi bata ingo zabo barahunga.Amakuru akomeza atubwira ko inyeshyamba za Gumino zigizwe n’Abanyamulenge nizo zakomeje kwihagararaho kugeza zisumbirijwe zihungira mumashyamba kuko bari basumbirijwe n’inyeshyamba za Mai Mai Aoci igizwe n’ubwoko bw’Abafuliru k’uruhande rumwe na Mai mai Yakutumba igizwe n’Abambembe kurundi ruhande.

Igisubizo cyacu: Nibyo koko Abanyamulenge barasenyewe mu gace k’Indondo ya Uvira ndetse no hagati ya za Rwerera kuva mu kwezi kwa Kane 2017 kandi n’ubu bikaba bitararangira. Ariko, ahasenywe hakaba hatandukanye cyane n’aho Mai Mai Yakutumba arwanira. Mu nkuru ya Kanuma hagaragaramo kudasobanukirwa imitwe ya Mai Mai dore ko ari na myinshi. Urugero, kuvuga ko Mai Mai Aoci arizo z’Abapfurero sibyo kuko Aoci ari izina ry’ikibembe. Kwitiranya amazina ya za Mai Mai si ikibazo cy’ingenzi cyane cyane ko hari ubwo zishyirahamwe kugira ngo zice kandi zisenyere Abanyamurenge, ariko na none inkuru igomba kuzuza ubuziranenge mbere y’uko itangazwa, cyane cyane ko hari abo ishobora kugiraho ingaruka.

Kanuma: Ibyo byabaye bisa nkaho ari ikimenyetso General Masunzu yari amaze igihe abwira bene wabo b’Abanyamulenge. Uyu mujenerali witandukanije n’u Rwanda k’umugaragaro yari umwe mubayobozi b’ingabo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo nk’uko abitangariza ababasha kumugeraho nuko nyuma yo gushyiraho ubuyobozi no kugarura umutekano iwabo I Mulenge bene wabo akabasaba kwitandukanya na siasa zo kubacamo ibice zizanwa n’u Rwanda ndetse no kwihagararaho ntibashukishwe amafaranga ya Kabila ngo bacikemo ibice bene wabo ngo batangiye kumuhiga bashaka kumuroga, abandi bagamije kumurasa nuko abonye asumbirijwe yabwiye bene wabo ko agiye gusaba kwimurwa kandi bazamwifuza batakimubonye. Nguko uko Jenerali Masunzu yaje kwimurirwa i Kamina akavanwa muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Ibyo nibyo byatumye Mai mai z’amoko yose zibasha kuvogera Tutsiland ya Minembwe iwabo w’Abanyamulenge.

Igisubizo cyacu: Muri iki gika, harimo guhuza ibidahuye, kwivuguruza ndetse n’ubunyamwuga buke. Icyambere nuko General Masunzu ari umusirikare mukuru w’igihugu cya Kongo. Ntabwo ari umusirikare wa “Tutsiland” nk’uko ubivuga; ntabwo ariwe wisabira guhindurirwa akazi ahubwo agenerwa n’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu nk’uko bigenda ahandi hose. Gen. Masunzu yoherejwe I Kamina mu mwaka w’2014 mu kwezi kwa Cyenda mu mpinduka zakozwe mu gisirikare cyose cya Kongo. Ntabwo yigeze asaba kwimurwa ngo kubera ko bene wabo baba batamwumviye! Uravuga ko yabasabye kwitandukanya n’u Rwanda, u Rwanda ruhuriye he n’akazi ka Gen Masunzu n’ibikorwa bya Mai Mai byo gusenyera Abanyamurenge? Ibitekerezo bikubiye muri iki gika birindagiza abasomyi kandi bigatuma umuntu yibaza ku ntego y’iyi nkuru.

Wongeye nanone uti Gen. Masunzu yasabye bene wabo kwihagararaho ntibashukishwe amafaranga ya Kabila, ese ntuzi ko ari umusirikare w’igihugu, Perezida Kabila uvuga akaba ariwe Mugaba w’Ikirenga we? Wumva ibyo uvuga birimo ukuri? Wumva bishoboka? Ese ubundi Kabila hari amafaranga agenera Abanyamurenge? Ni gute Gen Masunzu yasaba bene wabo kutayoboka uwo we ubwe akorera? Iyi nyandiko ishobora kugira abo ita mu kaga, uretse ko umuntu wese ushira mugaciro atayigenderaho. Uti Mai Mai zavogereye “Tutsiland” ya Minembwe. Ko wavuze ko FDLR ikorana n’Abanyamulenge, ikorera hehe? Ese ni kuki FDLR itabarwaniriye ubwo uvuga ko bakorana? Baba bafitanye amasezerano yo kugarurra inka zanyazwe gusa, ariko ntibagirane ayo kubarinda no kurinda igihugu cyabo? Minembwe ntabwo yigeze iba nta n’ubwo izaba “Tutsiland” kuko ituwe n’amoko atandukanye y’Abanyekongo kandi benshi bifuza kubana neza.

Kanuma: Mugihe rero Gumino yasumbirijwe Abanyamulenge bo mu Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya na Amerika baje gusabwa ubufasha bw’amasasu n’ibindi bikoresho bya ngombwa mumirwano. Amakuru atugeraho yemeza ko mu ibanga ryabo rikomeye amafaranga yarakusanijwe muribyo bihugu mvuze aroherezwa ndetse na bamwe mubasore babaga mu Rwanda, Uganda na Kenya barazamuka bajya iwabo mumisozi ya Minembwe kurwanira igihugu bita icyabo.

Igisubizo Cyacu: Amakuru ari muri iki gika ni byendagusetsa kandi bigaragarira buri wese ko ashingiye ku bihuha no gukeka. Kanuma aravuga ati hari abasore bagiye, harimo n’abavuye mu Rwanda ariko ntazina na rimwe avuga. Ati hatanzwe amafranga y’inkunga, ariko ntawayatanze uzwi, ntawayahawe, nta mubare ugaragazwa! Ko Minembwe uvuga bagiye gutabara irimo ingabo za Leta nyinshi kandi ziyobowe n’Abanyamurenge, wumva koko ibikoresho by’ibanze bifasha mukurinda umutekano bitegerejwe ku nkunga y’Abanyamurenge bari hirya no hino ku isi? Ko uvuga ngo amafaranga yatanzwe mu “ibanga ryabo rikomeye”, waba wowe wararimenye ute ko wumva nyine ari ibanga? Kwandika inkuru zishyushya imitwe kandi zishingiye ku bihuha byangiza isura yawe nk’umunyamakuru kandi bibangamiye ubunyamwuga bwawe. Uti abasore bagiye mu Minembwe kurwanira igihugu “bita icyabo” nk’utabyemera ko ari icyabo n’ubwo bagisangiye n’abandi. Ese watubwira niba atari icyabo? Kubwawe baramutse babikoze wabafata nk’aba ‘mercenaires’? Niba utari ubizi, Abanyamurenge ni n’Abanyekongo kandi Minembwe ibarizwa muri Kongo.

Kanuma: Sibyo gusa babifashijwemo n’igihugu tutari buvuge hano baje kujya mu nkambi z’impunzi z’Abarundi bafatamo Abatutsi bose bigeze kuba abasirikare mugisirikare cya leta ntutsi ya Major Buyoya aribo bitwa ba Ex-FAB bose bajya gufatanya na Gumino bityo babasha kugarura umutekano Minembwe. Ubu nandika ibi abaturage b’Abanyamulenge bakaba barimo basubira mu ngo zabo i Minembwe naho bita Kundondo.

Igisubizo Cyacu: Iki gika nacyo kigaragaza inkuru y’ubakiye ku bihuha, n’imitekerereze irimo ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko. Kanuma ati bafashijwe n’igihugu atari buvuge, bagiye mu nkambi…gushakayo Abatutsi. Nimba ufite amakuru, ni kuki utinya kuvuga icyo gihugu?  Kuvuga ko Abanyamulenge bagiye gufata impunzi z’Abarundi mu nkambi ngo baje kurwanira Abanyamulenge, bigaragaza ko abo wandika utabazi, icyakora harimo n’urwango wanga ikiremwa tutsi. Iyo uvuga ngo “leta ntutsi ya Major Buyoya” bigaragaza neza ko utari umunyamakuru, ahubwo uri umunyamatiku ndetse n’urwango rw’umuntu wese witwa Umututsi. Imvugo nka Tutsiland, Leta ntutsi ni zimwe zagiye zikoreshwa mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari iyo Abatutsi bashakaga kwicwa. Mu Rwanda, uzi ishyano imvugo nk’izo zakoze muri 1994. Ushatse wagabanya amarangamutima asenya, kuko umwuga w’umunyamakuru usaba ko umuntu abanza kwiyambura kubogama no gukoresha imvugo isesereza. N’ubwo wibanze kuri Minembwe cyane, biragaragara ko utayizi. Minembwe itandukanye n’I Mulenge. Uduce twasenywe na Mai Mai muri uyu mwaka ni utundi duce tw’I Mulenge, Minembwe ntirimo. Nta muturage n’umwe rero wa Minembwe wigeze uva mubye muri aya mezi. N’ubwo umuntu yafata kwitiranya Minembwe na Mulenge nk’ibisanzwe, kubisobanura uko biri bituma abasoma inkuru yawe bamenya agaciro bagomba kuyiha bitewe n’ibintu byinshi birimo bitari ukuri.

Bipanze bite rero?

Kanuma: Nkuko byemezwa na benshi aba ba Ex-FAB bijejwe kuzafashwa gukuraho Peter Nkurunziza. Hagati aho hakaba havugwa ko hari ingabo z’u Rwanda zazamutse nazo ziherekeje umunyamulenge witwa Gendarume bafatiye k’umupaka avuye Uganda bakamushimuta akaburirwa irengero. Nyamara amakuru menshi aremeza ko uyu Gendarume yahise ahabwa ingabo azamuka iwabo mumisozi ya Minembwe kujya kwitegura imirwano ikaze.

Igisubizo cyacu: Amakuru ari muri iki gika yerekana ko iyi nkuru yakoranwe ubunyamwuga buke. Birashoboka ko umunyamakuru yandika igitekerezo cye (opinion), ariko iteka agomba kubigaragaza, ntiyigaragaze ko yaganiriye n’abandi bantu kandi avuga ibimurimo; ibyo atekereza.  Kanuma ati “nk’uko byemezwa na benshi”, bande? Kuki utavuga n’umwe basi? Cyangwa ngo upfe no gukoresha amazina atari yo kubw’impamvu z’umutekano w’abaguhaye amakuru? Uti bipanze bite rero? Wabaye se mu nama zibitegura? Biragaragara ko ushaka kwambika u Rwanda isura mbi akaba ariyo mpamvu witwaza ngo “ibivugwa na benshi”, ndetse ukanashira mu kaga ubuzima bw’impunzi z’Abamnyamurenge bari mu nkambi mu gihugu cy’u Burundi dore ko n’ubundi bigeze kwicirwayo bazira uko baremwe. Inkuru nk’iyi ishyushya imitwe, ikazamura urwango kandi mubyukuri ishingiye ku kinyoma. Turizera ko ubutegetsi bw’u Burundi nabwo buzatahura ko iyi nkuru ari igihuha kiremano, bityo ntibuhe agaciro ibirimo. Uti Gendarume uvuga ko yashimuswe, warangiza uti niwe wahawe ingabo n’u Rwanda. Ibi bintu bivuguruzanya wumva bishoboka wowe? Wumva hari uwabiha agaciro koko?

Ese barategura kurwana nande?

Kanuma: Nkuko bamwe mubo mumuryango wa Gendarume badutangarije baremeza ko izo ngabo z’abarundi, izurwanda, Gumino n’ingabo zahoze zitwa M23 zimwe zimaze nazo kugera ruguru mu Minembwe bagiye mu minsi iza kuzatangaza ubwigenge bityo Leta ntizarebera imirwano ikaze itangire ityo.

Igisubizo cyacu: Ahangaha ho Kanuma yavuze cya kinyoma bita icya Semuhanuka. Uti barashaka ubwigenge, Kongo se ntiyigenga kuva 1960? Ninde uri mubukoloni? Ubukoloni bwande? Inyungu bariya bose wahuje ngo bazamutse ruguru ni izihe ko utazigaragaza?

Kanuma: Izo ngabo zizamanuka zifate umuhanda Uvira-Fizi bagenzure inkombe z’ikiyaga cya Tanganyika bityo igihe nikigera bafashe aba Ex-FAB gutaha gusubirana ubutegetsi i Burundi.

Igisubizo cyacu: Kugenzura umuhanda Uvira-Fizi bizaba se ari ugufata Kongo yose? Ni gute ushobora kumva ko intambara “karundura” nkuko wayise izaba yahujije imitwe irenga itatu y’abasirikare ko izaba ari iyo gufata umuhanda Uvira-Fizi no kugenzura inkombe z’ikiyaga? Ese nimba hagenderewe kwigenga kwa Minembwe nk’uko ubivuga, kuki bagaruka kwibanda kuri Tanganyika? Ni byiza iteka gushishoza, ugasobanukirwa neza inkuru mbere yo kuyandika. Ibyanditse muri iki gika bigaragaza ko nta busesenguzi umunyamnakuru yigeze akora, ngo anarebe ko ibyo yandika bishoboka.

Kanuma: Iyi mibare nubwo igaragaramo ubwiyahuzi byose birapanzwe neza kuburyo mu minsi iza amakuru y’intambara ikaze muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo agiye gusimbura intambara yicyitwaga RCD Goma, CNDP n’icyitwaga M23 bitigeze bigera ku ntego muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru ariko kandi intego nyamukuru yo gutesha umutwe abaturage kugeza barambiwe bakemera ubwigenge yo irimo kugerwaho cyane. Irindi zina riraba ryatangajwe vuba aha kuko amazina yo ni “usage unique” ntazina bakoresha.

Igisubizo cyacu: Icyo umunyamakuru aheraho yemeza ko intambara izaba vuba, ko irindi zina rizaba ryatangajwe vuba aha…ntakigaragaza. Kwemeza ibintu bidafite ikimenyetso na kimwe gifatika nabyo bitesha inkuru agaciro.

Kanuma: Ese ubundi abo banyamulenge twavuze muri iyi nyandiko ni bantu ki? Mu nkuru yacu ikurikira tuzababwira abanyamulenge ni bantu ki? Wababwirwa n’iki? Barangwa n’iki?

Igisubizo cyacu: Hari ibitabo byinshi byanditswe hagendewe ku buyo (methodologie) bwa gihanga, busobanura neza abo Abanyamurenge aribo. Byaba byiza ubisomye, kandi biboneka mu masomero menshi muri za kaminuza zo mukarere ndetse no kuri za interineti. Dukurikije imyandikire y’iyi nkuru, ntacyizere bitanga ko wazasobanura neza abo Abanyamurenge aribo. Tubaye tunakumenyesheje ko n’uramuka ubaharabitse birenze uko wabikoze ubu, dufite uburenganzira bwo kukujana mu nkiko aho uzaba uri hose.  Hari ibibazo wibajije bidatanga icyizere na mba ko utabasha kwandika utabasesereje. Uti  ”Abanyamulenge barangwa niki”? Hari ikindi uzabona kitaranga ibindi biremwabantu? Tukugiriye inama yo kwitwararika, kwandika ibyo uzi no kubahiriza amahame y’ibanze agenga itangazamakuru.

Umusozo: Turasaba abantu bose basomye inkuru ya Bwana Kanuma ko bayifata nk’inkurumpimbano, yuzuye ibinyoma, amarangamutima, ndetse n’urwango afitiye Abatutsi muri rusange. Niba Kanuma ashaka kumenya Abanyamulenge n’aho batuye, azegere ababizi, bazamuhe amakuru y’ukuri.

                               Manzi B. (Umusomyi w’Umunyamulenge) Europe.