Nyuma y’amagambo yavuzwe n’umunyamakuru akaba n’umwanditsi w’amateka w’umufaransa ndetse ufite ubwenegihugu bw’u Rwanda witwa Jean Francois DUPAQUIER, amagambo yateye benshi kwibaza aho yemeza ko mu mico y’abanyarwanda ngo abasore b’abahutu bigishwa gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bafata ku ngufu abakobwa b’abatutsikazi. Twegereye Bwana Ambassadeur Jean Marie Vianney Ndagijimana uzi neza uwo mwanditsi Jean Francois DUPAQUIER ngo agire icyo atubwira.
Bwana Ambassadeur Ndagijimana arasubiza ibibazo bya Marc Matabaro.
Muri make mushobora kwibwira abasomyi ba The Rwandan by’umwihariko n’abanyarwanda bose muri rusange?
JMV: Murakoze kumpa umwanya wo kwibwira abasomyi ba The Rwandan by’umwihariko n’abanyarwanda bose muri rusange. Ndagerageza kubihinira mu magambo magufi. Nitwa Ndagijimana Yohani Mariya Viyani, mfite imyaka 63. Ndubatse, mfita abana batatu, n’abuzukuru babiri.
Navukiye mu karere ka Cyangugu; amashuri banza nayigiye i Mururu, ayisumbuye nyigira mw’iseminari Pie X ya Nyundo, mu gihe cya Musenyeri Bigirumwami. Ndangije Seminari, njya muri Universite i Burundi, mpamara umwaka mvayo muri 1972 kubera intambara. Mu Ukwakira 1972, nagiye kwiga muri Univesite Luvanium i Kinshasa muli Faculté de Droit. Muri 1977 maze kubona impamyabumenyi mu by’amategeko, ntaha mu Rwanda. Nahawe imirimo y’akazi ka Leta mbanza gukora muri Ministeri y’ubutegetsi n’amajyambere y’abaturage, nk’umujyanama wa ministre w’icyo gihe, Colonnel Alexis Kanyarengwe, wasimbuwe na Thomas Habanabakize nawe twamaranye amezi make.
Muli Kamena 1979, njya gukora muri Ambassade y’u Rwanda mu Bubirigi mpamara imyaka ibiri na none. Nasubiye i Kigali muri Werurwe 1981, nk’Umunyamabanga mukuru wa Ministeri y’abakozi ba Leta, imirimo n’ihugurwa ry’abakozi (Ministère de la Fonction publique, du Travail et de la Formation professionnelle) kugeza muli Mutarama 1986.
Muli Mutarama 1986, nagiye kuba ambassaderi w’u Rwanda Addis-Abeba, mpagarariye u Rwanda muri Ethiopiya na Sudani, kandi mpagarariye na none igihugu cyacu mu muryango mukuru w’ibihugu bya Afurika ariwo OUA, no muli CEA ikigo cya LONI gishinzwe ibibazo by’ubukungu muli Afurika.
Muri Ethiopiya naho nahamaze imyaka itanu mpava mu Ukwakira 1990 aho intambara y’Inkotanyi itangiriye, njya i Paris kuba ambassaderi w’u Rwanda mu Bufaransa. Nakoze i Paris kugeza muli Mata 1994, ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi n’abahutu bo muli opposition butangiye mbwamagana ku mugaragaro, Leta y’icyo gihe impagarika ku milimo nakoraga.
Mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1994, Minisitiri w’intebe Twagiramungu Faustini ansaba kuba ministiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga. Naratashye, ntangira imilimo yanjye, nkorana na bagenzi banjye bakomokaga mu mashyaka anyuranye, muli guverinoma yitwaga iy’ubumwe. Hadaciye kabiri turananiranwa kubera ko byagaragaye ko abasilikari ba FPR nabo bakoraga ubwicanyi bw’itsembabwoko bwibasiye abo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu. Nyuma y’amezi abiri, nanze kwitabira imihango yo kurahira, mpitamo kwegura, nsubira mu bufaransa, ali naho ntuye kuva mu Ukwakira 1994.
Aho neguriye, Leta ya FPR ntacyo itakoze ngo incecekeshe, impimbira ibyaha ntakoze, n’ibindi bikorwa by’iterabwoba ntakwirirwa mvuga. Ntibyanciye intege, ahubwo byanyongereye ingufu, niyemeza kuvugisha ukuri no guharanira ubutabera, namagana ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abahutu, n’akarengane kakorerwaga Abatutsi bali basanzwe mu Rwanda barokotse itsembabwoko FPR yafataga nk’abagambanyi.
Muli 1995, natangiye ibiganiro n’izindi mpunzi, dushinga amashyirahamwe anyuranye, kugirango twishyire hamwe dukomeze kuvugira abanyarwanda barengana, abicwa, abahohoterwa, abagirwa impunzi kandi bafitiye igihugu cyabo akamaro.
Mu myaka 20 ishize, nagerageje kwirinda kubogama ku ruhande urwo arirwo rwose, cyane cyane mu by’amoko, kuko ubwigenge ku mutima, ubwigenge mu bitekerezo no mubikorwa, bitanga ingufu zituma wabasha kuvugana na bose ntawukwishisha uretse ko nabyo bigoye.
Kugeza uyu munsi niko nkora, mfatanyije na bagenzi banjye bo muli société civile, nka Cliir Joseph Matata abereye umuhuzabikorwa, umuryango Riprodhor, n’indi miryango dufatanya kurengera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu muli rusange, n’uburenganzira bw’Abanyarwanda by’umwihariko, tugamije icyashobora kubunga.
Niyo mpamvu twashinze urwego twise Inteko y’Ubumwe, amahoro n’ubwiyunge, mbereye umuvugizi, igizwe n’imiryango inyuranye ya société civile, n’abantu b’inararibonye ku giti cyabo.
Mu minsi ishize mu rubanza ruregwamo Capitaine Pascal Simbikangwa, umugabo w’umwanditsi witwa Jean Francois DUPAQUIER yatangaje amagambo yateye benshi kwibaza aho yemeza ko mu mico y’abanyarwanda ngo abasore b’abahutu bigishwa gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bafata ku ngufu abakobwa b’abatutsikazi. Aya magambo y’uyu mugabo hari icyo mwayavugaho nk’umuntu w’inararibonye w’umunyarwanda?
JMVN : Amagambo y’uriya mugabo Dupaquier ntacyo nayavugaho kuko ateye isoni. Umunyarwanda wese, n’uwaba yanga abahutu, azi ko ntaho bihuliye n’ukuri. Ntibyantangaje cyane kuko Dupaquier ali ko asanzwe. Dupaquier n’umugore we w’umunyarwandakazi, mbazi nkiri Ambassaderi i Paris. Kuva muli 1991, bali abanyamuryango ba FPR kandi bayikorera ku mugaragaro. Icyo gihe Dupaquier yayoboraga ikinyamakuru cyitwaga “L’Evénement du Jeudi” cyasohokaga buri wa kane w’icyumweru. Inyandiko z’icyo kinyamakuru ku Rwanda zabaga zamagana Leta ya Habyarimana, zinasingiza intambara ya FPR. Nyuma ya 1994 ntiyigeze ashyira mu gaciro ngo yemere ko na FPR ishobora kuba yarakoze amakosa. Mu bazungu bakorera FPR mu Bufransa kandi bakabishimirwa n’ingoma ya Kagame mu buryo dufitiye gihamya nko kubarihira amahoteri iyo bagiye mu Rwanda n’ibindi, Dupaquier umuntu yamushyira mu bakorana umurego urenze urugero. Kuli we FPR ntiyigeze yica Abahutu ibaziza ubwoko bwabo. Muli 2009 nanditse igitabo nise “Paul Kagame a sacrifié les Tutsi”, mvugamo ko FPR yatanze Abatutsi ho ibitambo, kandi ko yishe Abahutu ibihumbi amagana n’amagana, Dupaquier ahita yandika ibarwa ndende avuga ko ndi négationniste révisionniste. Niyo mpamvu namureze mu nkiko mu Bufransa.
Mu myumvire ye, kuvuga ko hali Abahutu bishwe na FPR, ni uguhakana jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ntibintangaza rero ko yavuga amagambo nk’aliya mu rubanza rwa Simbikangwa.
Icyo nongeraho, nuko hali abazungu batunzwe n’intambara hagati y’amoko mu Rwanda. Bamwe babaye abahutu kurusha abahutu abandi baba abatutsi kurusha abatutsi. Icyo bashaka ni ugukomeza kwenyegeza umuriro kugira ngo tumarane, Loni ibahuruze nk’impuguke ku Rwanda, baze kutwigisha gukunda igihugu cyacu kuturusha, babihemberwa badukina ku mubyimba.
Twe abakunda amahoro, abiyemeje kwiyunga mu bwubahane, nta vangura, mu butabera, tugomba kwishyira hamwe tukabwira baliya bazungu ko tudakeneye ko baza kutwigisha amateka yacu, bayavuga uko atali, bayafifika, baduteranya kandi tutabyifuza, ndetse byaba ngombwa tukabakulikirana imbere y’inkiko zishinzwe guhana amagambo cyangwa ibikorwa byo kwibasira cyangwa gukomeretsa ubwoko runaka. Aliya magambo Dupaquier yavugiye mu rukiko, yibasiye abagabo bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu, kandi yanduza ababyeyi bacu, ba mama, bashiki bacu n’abakobwa bacu bakomoka mu bwoko bw’abatutsi. Ntidushobora kubimwemerera cyangwa kubyihanganira. Imiryango ya société civile duhuriyemo n’abandi yatangiye gutegura uburyo buboneye bwo kwamagana ubushizi bw’isoni n’ibitutsi by’irondakoko bya Bwana Dupaquier n’abandi nkawe, kugira ngo bibabere isomo ntibazasubire kutugaraguza agati.
Mu byo yatangarije mu rukiko i Paris mu rubanza rwa Capitaine Pascal Simbikangwa, hari aho yavuze ko ngo mu 1972 mu gihugu cy’u Burundi habaye Genocide yakorewe abatutsi. Nk’umuntu wanditse igitabo ku gihugu cy’u Burundi kandi ubwo bwicanyi bukaba bwarabaye uri i Burundi wagira icyo ubivugaho?
JMVN : Ubwicanyi bwo muli 1972 nabutanzeho ubuhamya mu gitabo cyanjye nasohoye muli 2005 cyitwa BUJUMBURA MON AMOUR. Ni ibyo nibonye si ibyo nabwiwe. Abicwaga ni Abahutu. Bicwaga n’abasilikare b’Abatutsi ba Colonel Micombero. Nko kuli Campus y’I Bujumbura aho nigaga, abanyeshuri b’abahutu hafi ya 99% bose barishwe. Babatwaraga tureba, izuba riva, babatera bayonette mu makamyo tubireba, buri munsi bakaza bwacya bakagaruka kubatwara nk’ibitungwa. Ubundi bwicanyi Dupaquier yabonye byaba byiza ko avuga aho yabubonye n’ababikoraga. Kubogama abifitiye uburenganzira, aliko umutimanama we wagombye kumwibutsa ko amateka adasibangana.
Nk’umuntu usobanukiwe n’amategeko wadusobanurira impamvu yaba yaratumye Bwana Jean Francois DUPAQUIER ajya gutanga ubuhamya muri ruriya rubanza kandi atari ku rutonde rw’abagombaga gutanga ubuhamya? Kuki se mu gutanga ubuhamya bwe nk’inzobere ku Rwanda atabanje kurahira nk’uko ubundi bikorwa n’abagiye gutanga ubuhamya bose?
JMVN: Muli procédure y’ubucamanza, abacamanza bashobora guhamagaza umuntu bashatse agatanga ubuhamya atabanje kurahira. Ibyo avuze bihabwa agaciro kamwe n’iby’abatangabuhamya barahiye.
Tugarutse kuri aya magambo yavuze mu rukiko mu rubanza rwa Capitaine Simbikangwa, ese yo ntabwo yamuviramo gukurikiranwa mu nkiko zibifitiye ububasha dore ko yanayavugiye mu rukiko?
JMVN : Nibyo koko amagambo akomeretsa cyangwa asebanya avugiwe mu rukiko ashobora kuregerwa mu bucamanza. Utabiregerwa wenyine ni avoka.
Muri ruriya rubanza rwa Capitaine Simbikangwa hagaragaramo abantu benshi twavuga ko bigize inzobere ku Rwanda kurusha abanyarwanda ubwabo ndetse abo bantu abenshi bakunze gutangaza ibyo bita ubushakashatsi bakoze bugaragaramo kubogama kwinshi ndetse rimwe na rimwe ugasangamo harimo amarangamutima no kutamenya neza ikibazo cy’u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda. Kuri mwe ntampungege mufite z’uko bishobora kugira ingaruka zitari nziza ku migendekere ya ruriya rubanza ndetse no ku bandi banyarwanda bashobora gukurikiranwa n’ubutabera bw’u Bufaransa?
JMVN : Sinakwemeza ko abacamanza b’abafransa bazabeshywa n’ibinyoma bya bamwe, kuko ku rundi ruhande hali ba avoka n’abandi batangabuhamya bavugira uwarezwe. Ku giti cyanjye mfitiye abacamanza icyizere, nkaba nizeye nkomeje ko bazakurikiza ibimenyetso bishinja aliko bagakulikiza n’ibirengera nyir’ukuregwa. Icyaha cy’itsembabwoko si icyo gukinisha. Umucamanza ntapfa gufata icyemezo atabanje kubitekereza bihagije. Icyangombwa nuko amategeko n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu byazahabwa agaciro gahagije.
Nk’umuntu utuye mu Bufaransa kandi ukurikiranira ibintu hafi mubona uru rubanza rwa Capitaine Simbikangwa ruzagira izihe ngaruka, byaba muri politiki, ubutabera, ububanyi n’amahanga no ku myimvire y’abaturage b’abafaransa muri rusange?
JMVN : U Bufransa ni igihugu kigendera ku mategeko. Ibyemezo bizafatirwa Pascal Simbikangwa niwe bizafatirwa si abanyarwanda bose batuye mu Bufransa. Ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwo bwifuza ko impunzi zose zituye mu Bufransa zihungabanywa, aliko ni ukwibeshya kuko bidashoboka. Ku bwanjye no muli diplomasi ntacyo bizahindura, kuko ibibazo bikiri byinshi cyane hagati y’Ubufransa n’u Rwanda. Kouchner na Sarkozy ntako batagize, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bagasa n’abirengagiza inyungu z’igihugu cyabo. Aliko bakibagirwa ko Republika y’U Bufransa atali indyamineke.
Mu gosoza Bwana Ambassadeur nabasabaga niba hari umwanzuro mwatanga ndetse niba hari n’ubutumwa mwaba mwifuza gutanga mukaba mwabutanga.
JMVN : ubutumwa nageza ku bavandimwe banjye b’abanyarwanda, nuko bagomba kwima amatwi abantu nka Dupaquier bungukira ku mwiryane hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi. Iyo dufite amahoro tubana neza, nta mariro baronka. Twatangira gusubiranamo, bagahurura bitwaza ko bazobereye mu mateka y’u Rwanda kandi bataruzi na busa.
Ubutumwa nageza ku bayobozi b’u Rwanda nuko bagomba kumenya ko gutagaguza umutungo w’u Rwanda bawuha ba gashozantambara b’abacanshuro bitazabuza abanyarwanda guharanira ukuri no kwishyira hamwe baharanira inyungu z’igihugu cyabo, kugeza igihe demokrasi no kwishyira ukizana bizasesekarira mu Rwanda.
Batutsi, Bahutu, Batwa bavandimwe, ni nde muli twe wakwemera ko ubwoko bumwe mu moko atatu yubatse u Rwanda buhindurwa ruvumwa, bukitwa ubwoko bwa ba ruteruzi nkuko uwitwa Jean-François Dupaquier yabivuze ? Tumwamaganire kure, we n’abandi biha kwigira abanyarwanda kuturusha, tugane inzira y’ubwiyunge n’iy’amahoro. Nibyo byonyine bizatwongerera ingufu. Twe abemera ko nta bwoko bw’abagome bubaho, twe dusanzwe duharanira ubutabera no kureshya hagati y’abana b’u Rwanda, twiyemeze kuzitabira no kuzashyigikira mu buryo no ku rugero dushoboye ibikorwa bitegurwa n’imiryango ya société civile, mu rwego rwo kwamagana imvugo y’ibitutsi nkozasoni ya Jean-François Dupaquier. Ibyo bikorwa tuzabibamenyesha mu minsi mike ili imbere.
Imana ikomeze irinde igihugu cyacu.
Marc Matabaro
The Rwandan
