Kimwe mu bintu byigisha ni ibitabo bibara inkuru (roman) n’indirimbo z’abahanzi. Igitangaje ariko, ni uko kenshi ibivugwa n’aba banyabugeni baba babyihimbiye, bagamije gutanga ubutumwa. Si ibintu rero biba byarabayeho umunsi uyu n’uyu n’ahantu runaka. Igitangaza gusa, ni uko umara kubisoma cyangwa kubitega amatwi wasohoka mu nzira ugakubitana n’ibisa na byo.
Rugabire za Joe Dassin na Masabo.
Mu ndirimbo nyinshi dukesha umuhanzi Nyangezi Masabo harimo imwe yise “Imbunda”. Asobanuramo ukuntu yarimo aratira mugenzi we imbunda yari inanditseho izina rye, uyu ngo akayimwambura, akamuzamuza amaboko akayandurukana. Uyu yayijyanye gusahura banki ayitayo. Urubanza rero rwafashe nyir’izina ryanditseho nyir’ukwiba yigaramiye. Asoza agira ati :
“Mu buroko nize gukora amanyanga yose.
Nifaburikiye rugabire zireba imbere n’inyuma.
Abarinzi bambona ntibasobanukirwe aho ngana.
Nabanyuzeho bagira ngo ndi kuza.
Nasize bumiwe rwose bayobewe”.
Ni byiza ariko kwibutsa ko iyi ndirimbo atari umwimerere wa Masabo. Yacuranzwe bwa mbere mu gifaransa n’umucuranzi Joe Dassin. Icyo Masabo yakoze ni ukuyishyira mu kinyarwanda ari byo bita “adaptation” mu mwuga wo kuririmba. Ngiyo impamvu ituma mvuga rugabire za Joe Dassin na Masabo.
Rugabire za FPR na IBUKA ?
Muri iyi mitaga duteye umugongo ikaba isaga 24 nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, hari byinshi FPR na IBUKA bagiye bakora bitera kwibaza. Iyo ubizirikanye umera nka bariya barinzi ba gereza. Wibaza niba bagana iburyo cyangwa ibumoso, niba bajya imbere cyangwa basubira inyuma bikagushobera. Bisa rwose n’aho bambaye ziriya rugabire zituma umuntu atagira icyerekezo kigaragara.
Tariki 22 kamena 2010, mu kinyamakuru igihe.com, hasohotse inyandiko yibazaga impamvu umubare uhamye w’abahitanywe na jenoside utarashobora kumenyekana. Shaba Bill wayanditse yaragize ati: “Imiryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye harimo Umuryango w’Abibumbye, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta ndetse n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, iyo bagaruka ku mibare y’inzirakarengane zazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda muri Mata 1994, bakunda kuvuga ko ari ibihumbi 800, ndetse bamwe bakanavuga ko uwo mubare utagezeho bagira bati: “Ni hafi y’ibihumbi 800″(A peu pres 800.000).
Ibi bitandukanye cyane n’uko bigenda mu Rwanda, kuko abayobozi bo mu nzego zose, imiryango ikorera mu Rwanda ndetse n’abaturage bavuga ko umubare w’Abatutsi bazize jenoside uri hejuru ya miliyoni imwe(+ de 1.000.000)”.
Wenda icyo umuntu yakwibutsa Shaba ni uko kuvuga ngo “ni hafi y’ibihumbi 800” cyangwa ngo “ni hejuru ya miliyoni imwe” byombi bihuriye ku nenge yo gukekeranya no kugenekereza ku kibazo nyamara kimaze imyaka 24. Mu kungurana ibitekerezo, nzinduwe no gusesengurira hamwe n’abandi banyarwanda umuzi w’ikibazo Shaba yibajije: Kuki?
Igisubizo kibangutse ni uko kumenya umubare w’abahitanywe na jenoside bitari ku rutonde rw’ibyihutirwa.
Singire inkovu nkomeretsa, uyu si umwanzuro wanjye cyangwa icyifuzo, ahubwo ni ifoto y’imikorere ya FPR na IBUKA. Ndavuga FPR kuko ari yo iramutwa igihugu, nkavuga IBUKA kuko ari yo ihagarariye abacitse ku icumu. Jenoside ikirangira, kutamenya umubare w’abo yahitanye n’abayirokotse ntibyihutirwaga. Imfubyi zo gufashwa zari nyinshi, abapfakazi…utaretse n’ibindi bibazo igihugu gihura na byo mu rugamba rwo kwiyubaka. Nyamara nyuma y’imyaka 24, ndabona ko uwo byatera inkeke ataba aciye igikuba. Ibiri amambu, n’abo bacitse ku icumu twari twihutiye gufasha n’ubu ntawe uzi umubare wabo nyakuri. Niba se tutazi abazima, twamenya dute abatabarutse? Impamvu ni uko ibi bibazo byombi ari nk’ibipande by’urupapuro rumwe. Uwakemura kimwe n’ikindi yaba akirya isataburenge.
Icyagaragaye na none muri iyi myaka, ni uko hari ibindi bishyirwamo ingufu iyo bishyizwe ku murongo w’ibyihutirwa kandi koko bikagerwaho. Ni muri urwo rwego ku wa gatatu tariki ya 26 Mutarama 2011, muri Hotel Laico, umuryango uharanira inyungu z’abacitse ku icumu (Ibuka), watangaje ibikubiye mu bushakashatsi wakoze bugaragaza urutonde rw’Abahutu bagize ubutwari bagahisha Abatutsi muri Jenocide yo mu mwaka wa 1994. Ubwo bushakashatsi bwakorewe mu turere 30 tw’u Rwanda. N’ubwo ibibazo bidahuje uburemere, ariko mbona uwahera aha n’ikibazo cy’abahitanywe na jenoside akagishyira mu byihutirwa kandi akabinyuza mu nzira nk’iriya kitarenza umwaka. Ikibazo ni ukumenya ingingo shingiro zayobora muri iki gikorwa.
Kutagira ingingo shingiro (manque de critères).
Hari uwakwibwira ko kuba umuntu yarahitanywe na jenoside cyangwa yarayirokotse ari ngingo yumvikana kandi isobanutse. Mu bikorwa si ko biri. Dore uko imyaka yagiye ihita, ibipimo byagiye bihinduka ndetse n’indorerwamo zihindura amabara. Uhereye no ku mazina yagiye ahabwa ariya mahano, wakumva ko harimo intirimwa. Reka tuyibukiranye uko yakurikiranye:
-Jenoside y’abanyarwanda (génocide rwandais): ni ryo zina ryatanzwe na Loni.
-Itsembabwoko n’itsembatsemba.
-Itsembabwoko.
-Jenoside.
-Jenoside y’abatutsi (iri ryavuyeho kuko ngo ryashoboraga guteza urujijo hakaba n’uwakwibeshya ko ari abatutsi bayikoze).
-Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.
Kuva ku izina rya mbere ukagera ku rigezweho magingo aya, urugendo rwabaye rurerure. Ubwo kandi ni ko hari benshi bagiye batakara mu nzira, amateka agakomeza urugendo. Kugira ngo rero imibare ndakuka igerweho, haba ku barokotse n’abahitanywe na jenoside, birasaba kubanza kugira ibipimo ndakuka duheraho dushyira buri wese mu cyiciro arimo. Uko bigaragara mu mikorere y’ababishinzwe, birasa n’aho bitari mu byihutirwa.
Urugendo ruracyari rurerure.
Uwakwibeshya yagira ati ubwo noneho tugeze ku nyito ihamye ya “jenoside yakorewe abatutsi” tubonye umusingi twatangiriraho mu kumenya abo yahitanye n’abayirokotse. Kubitekereza gutya kwaba kwihuta. Nta gihamya y’uko ejo n’ejobundi bitazahinduka. Si kera ni muri mutarama 2011 aho IBUKA yagombye kunyuza umweyo mu bitwa abayo, kuko ngo yasanze hari abugamye mu mutaka wayo nyamara batabuze intaho. Abahigitswe si bake kuko bageraga kuri 30%. N’ubwo Balikana Eugène yemezaga ko noneho ibintu bigiye mu buryo, ubanza urwishe ya nka rukiyirimo, nk’uko twabisomye mu nkuru ya Kayonga J. yasohotse mu kinyamakuru igihe.com tariki 11 mutarama 2011. Yaragize ati: “Balikana yavuze ko kuri ubu hari urutonde bizera ko ari urw’abakwiye gufashwa koko, ngo igikurikiyeho ni uko abo byagaragaye ko babeshye ngo bafashwe bazabihanirwa n’amategeko. Mu bazahanwa ngo hakaba harimo na bamwe mu bakoreraga FARG cyangwa bahoze mu buyobozi bwayo, ngo kuko nabo babigizemo uruhare. Gusa nyuma y’aho hari abinubiye urutonde rushya bavuga ko batarugaragaraho kandi bakwiye gufashwa, Balikana yatangaje ko bazakomeza gushishoza bakareba neza niba aribyo kandi niba abari ku rutonde bose bakwiye gufashwa koko”.
Biragaragara rero ko impaka zigikomeje. Ubu kugira ngo umuntu afashwe na FARG bisaba kuba yaracitse ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, akaba yaravutse mbere y’itariki 31 Ukuboza 1994, akaba imfubyi ku mubyeyi umwe cyangwa bombi, kandi akaba nta bushobozi bwo kwibeshaho afite. Ikitaramenyekanye ni ingingo bariya 30% birukanywe batari bujuje muri ziriya eshatu.
Ingaruka z’ingendo yo muri rugabire.
Reka ntange urugero rumwe rutari kure rugaragaza imikorere ya rugabire mu bijyanye na jenoside. Ejobundi tariki tariki ya 11 Mata 2011, Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru yashyize ahagaragara urutonde rw’abanyamakuru 51 bazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka w’1994 ndetse n’amazina y’ibitangazamakuru bakoreraga. Mbere yaho gato, umuryango Reporters Sans Frontières wari wasohoye urundi rutonde maze Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda irarwamagana ibinyujije mu ijwi ry’umunyamabanga wayo Nshingwabikorwa, Patrice Mulama. Icyo barunengaga ngo ni uko rutari rucukumbuye kandi rukavangavanga ibintu, hakaba abanyamakuru bahitanywe na jenoside rwibagirwa ngo hakaba n’abo rushyiraho kandi ahubwo bayishinjwa. Uyu muyobozi yatangaje ko bo bamaze imyaka bakora ubushakashatsi bucukumbuye kandi imyanzuro yabwo ikaba igiye gushyirwa ahagaragara.
Icyatangaje abantu, ni uko uru rutonde rwa MHC rwaje rwo ruca agahigo mu guhuzagurika. Rwagaragayeho n’abanyamakuru ruvuga ko bazize jenoside kandi nyamara bakiriho nka Mpambara Eulade. Mu kwisobanura, Patrice Mulama yasubiye inyuma yiregura ko ngo na RSF yari yaramushyize ku rutonde rw’abahitanywe na jenoside! Byanteye kwibaza ukuntu wanenga icyegeranyo cya RSF ko kivangavanze warangiza ukakifashisha mu gukora icyawe cyegeranyo wita ko gisesenguye kinacukumbuye. Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko ya Faustin Nkurunziza wandikira ikinyamakuru igihe.com (13/04/2011), Mulama yahamije ko urutonde rwa MHC ahagarariye ngo ruriho n’abatagomba kurujyaho: “Patrice Mulama yatubwiye ko uru rutonde rwakozwe ari urw’agateganyo kuko bakiri mu igenzura ryarwo. Yavuze ko basanze hari n’abatagomba kurujyaho kuko batapfuye muri jenoside”. Igitangaje ni uko uku kwivuguruza kw’Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru kwaje nyuma y’iminsi 2 ishyize ahagaragara icyo yitaga ubushakashatsi bucukumbuye! Byanteye kwibaza niba imitwe ya bamwe idakora nka za rugabire za Masabo. Ariko iyo bigeze ku mateka ya jenoside ho agahuru kaba gahuye n’umunyutsi.
FPR na IBUKA mu mpatanwa.
Ngo umwana apfa mu iterura. Amateka y’imyitwarire ya FPR na IBUKA mu bibazo by’abacitse ku icumu n’abo yahitanye byatangiye kera. Byagiye byiyongera kugera aho bitakigira igaruriro. Ubu rero aho bigeze, kuvunura biragoye, kujya mbere bikaba ingorabahizi.
Ikibazo cy’inzibutso.
Jenoside ikimara kuba, ikibazo cya mbere cyabaye icyo gushyingura abo yahitanye. Igishuko cyabaye gushaka gushyira inzibutso ahantu hose hatitawe ku kureba uburyo zizitabwaho n’ibindi bibazo bizavuka hanyuma.
Ikosa rya mbere ryabaye imibare yagiye ishyirwa ku nzibutso. Jenoside ubwayo ni amahano akomeye birenze kamere. Ntikeneye kuyikabiriza no kuyongerera ibidasobanutse. Iyo ufashe kiliziya ukandikaho ko yaguyemo abantu 15.000 uba urimo upfobya jenoside. Kiliziya nini zizwi mu Rwanda ni Catedrali Butare, Nyundo, Bazilika Kabgayi na Kiliziya ya Sainte famille. Muri izi zose, uwashyiramo abantu akabahagarika bamwe hejuru y’abandi kugera ku gisenge nta n’imwe yajyamo abantu ibihumbi bitanu! Ibi rero byarakozwe henshi, ntihagira uhigima ngo bititwa ko ahakanye jenoside, nyamara aho bigana ishyamba si ryeru. Iyo biza gukorwa hamwe cyangwa habiri, ntibyajyaga kuba ingorabahizi. Byakozwe henshi. Ingaruka yabyo ni uko ubu inzibutso zigomba kuzimira. Muti gute?
Kuki inzibutso zigomba kuzimira?
Nta mwaka urashira, twajyanye n’abakozi dukorana i Karongi tugiye gutembera. Nk’uko tubikora kenshi, twanyuze kuri paruwasi gatolika ihari tujya gusura urwibutso, cyane ko mu bo dukorana hari n’abanyamahanga baba bakeneye kwerekwa amateka yacu. Umupadiri twahasanze ntibuka izina yadusobanuriye amateka y’inzirakarengane zishyinguye aho, mu gosoza atubwira ko no mu mugi hashyinguye imbaga nyamwinshi yatikiriye kuri Stade Gatwaro. Twiyemeje na ho kunyurayo. Tuhageze byabaye ingorabahizi kumenya aho izo nzirakarengane zishyinguye. Twarayoboje batwereka ahantu hagana ku musozi harenzwe n’ikigunda twicuza icyo twazaniye abo bavamahanga. Byanteye kwibaza. Nyuma y’aho, nagiye nitegereza n’ahandi hanyuranye mu gihugu nsanga ahenshi ari uko. Ahatari hake inzibutso zaheze mu cyeregati nko mu Bisesero, ahandi ntizubakiye, ahandi zarenzwe n’ikigunda, aho zubakiye na ho inyandiko zarasibamye n’ibindi. Kuki?
Jenoside ebyiri (double génoside)
Nta zicibwa amahembe zibuze icyo zizira. Ni kenshi FPR na IBUKA bitotombera imiryango n’abantu bashinja guhakana jenoside no kuvuga ko habaye ebyiri. Igitangaje, ni uko batinze kubona ko na bo ubwabo imikorere yabo yunga mu rya bariya. Uwashaka kuvuga jenoside ebyiri, si ngombwa kujya gukora iperereza muri Kongo. Uwashiritse ubute agateranya imibare igiye yanditse hirya no hino ku nzibutso atungurwa no kubona ko jenoside yahitanye abantu barenga miliyoni enye !Urwibutso rwa Gisozi rwonyine rumaze kugeramo 250.000, ni ukuvuga ¼ cya ba bandi 1.000.000. Uko wagoragoza kose ukavuga ko amabarura ya mbere ya jenoside atavugishaga ukuri ku mubare w’abatutsi bari mu Rwanda, ntiwasobanura ko uriya mubare ari uw’abatutsi gusa. Ikindi kandi, ni ngombwa kwibutsa ko hari n’abarokotse na bo tutazi umubare kugeza ubu. Iyo ibyo byose ubiteranyije, bibyara ihurizo ry’ingorabahizi. Iyo ugiye mu mpaka n’abashyigikiye ko habaye jenoside ebyiri bagutsindisha imibare yo ku nzibutso ukaruca ukarumira.
Ngiri ipfundo ryo kudashishikazwa no gutangaza imibare y’abahitanywe na jenoside. Ngiyi insiriri yo kutamenya umubare nyakuri w’abarokotse. Ngiyi imvano yo kuba inzibutso zigana mu marembera. Ngicyo icyerekezo cya FPR na Ibuka. Muri uru rugendo rugana aho tutazi, biragoye kumenya ugenda imbere hagati y’aba basangirangendo, kubera nyine cya kibazo cya rugabire. Ikigaragara, ni uko bombi biyemeje kudasobanya mu ntambwe. Ubarebera ku ruhande ntasobanukirwa aho bagana, ariko na bo basa n’abatahazi.
Edmond Munyagaju
KJ : Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi izabe se koko umusaraba wa FPR na IBUKA ?
