IHEREZO RY’UMUTWE WA M23 NA BYINSHI MUTAMENYE KU NKOMOKO YAWO- Igice III

1. IVUKA RY’UMUTWE WA CNDP N’IHIRIMA RYAWO

Mu gice cya II cy’iyi nkuru twabagejejeho uko umutwe washinzwe n’u Rwanda na Uganda wa RCD waje gucikamo ibice bigera kuri 6 byose ubu bikaba byaribagiranye. Ikindi twagaragaje n’uko RCD-Goma yari igizwe n’abanyekongo bavuga ikinyarwanda bo mu ntara za Kivu zombi n’ukuvuga Kivu y’amajyaruguru na Kivu y’amajyepfo. Twagaragaje kandi ko uwo mutwe wagejeje bwa mbere uvuga ikinyarwanda kumwanya wa visi perezida.

Ikindi twavuga intambara ya RCD-Goma yamariye abavuga ikinyarwanda batuye muri Congo n’amapete akomeye kandi yemewe na Leta ya Kabila.

Nk’uko twabigaragaje haruguru abari abasirikare ba RCD-Goma bari biganjemo abavuga ikinyarwanda bakomoka muri Nord Kivu na Sud Kivu. Imishyikirano imaze kuba, RCD ikiyemeza kujya muri leta no mugisirikare cya leta, abatutsi bo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo bose bitabiriye kwinjira muri Leta uretse abasirikare 3 aribo Colonel Venant Bisogo yungirijwe Colonel Michel Rukunda Makanika na Major Bernard Tawimbi bahisemo gusubira ku ivuko mumisozi ya Minembwe bagashinga iryabo shyaka bise FRF. Ariko vuba aha aba ba coloneli 2 baje guhabwa ipeti rya Generali bemera kujya muri Leta.

Michel Rukunda, leader des FRF à Kamombo (Janvier 2009).
Michel Rukunda Makanika

Twavuga ko abatutsi ba Nord Kivu na Sud Kivu bari batacyumva ibintu kimwe nyuma y’ubwumvikane bwa RCD-Goma na Leta ya Congo, ibyo bikagaragazwa n’uko:
(1) Abenshi mubatutsi ba Nord-Kivu baje kwanga kujya i Kinshasa mu myanya myiza bari bahawe n’imishikirano RCD-Goma yagiranye na Leta ya Congo, bityo tariki 24 Nzeli 2003, Azarias Ruberwa wari wamaze kuba visi perezida w’igihugu yaje kubibonamo ikibazo aza i Goma arinzwe n’abasirikare 15 b’abanyekongo hamwe n’ingabo za Monuc bikaba bisa naho atari yizeye abo bagenzi be yari aje kubonana nabo. Abenshi mubo yari aje gusaba kujya i Kinshasa n’abari bagizwe abadepite twavuga nka Alexis Makabuza, Emmanuel Kamanzi, Guillaume Gasana Karake, Bertin Kivivita, Oswald Ndesho Rurihose, Théo Mbapuka na Cyprien Rwakabuba Nshinga, hakiyongeraho Generali Laurent Nkunda n’abacoloneli 2 Elie Gishondo na Eric Ruhorimbere! Cyakora uru ruzinduko rwa visi perezida ntacyo rwagezeho.

Cyprien Rwakabuba Shinga

(2) Mubiganiro leta ya Congo yise Dialogue intercongolais (DIC), Pr Ndesho Rurihose ukomoka Nord Kivu na Me Moïse Nyarugabo ukomoka muri Sud Kivu batanze ibitekerezo bivuguruzanya. Muri iyo DIC Ndesho mu ijambo rye yabwiye abari aho ko abavuga ikinyarwanda batuye Congo bagifatwa nk’abanyarwanda aho gufatwa nk’abakongomani naho Nyarugabo afata ijambo amubwira ko yibesha kuko ikibazo cy’ubukongomani kubavuga ikinyarwanda cyarangiye n’ikimenyi menyi abavuga ikinyarwanda bari mumwanya myiza i Kinshasa, aboneraho umwanya wo gusaba abadepite bari bafatanije muri RCD bakomoka Nord Kivu kujya i Kinshasa mumyanya bagenewe na Leta

Bidatinze mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 2006 umugenerali witwa Laurent Nkundabatware Mihigo alias (General Laurent Nkunda) atangiza umutwe yise CNDP. Ibi bikavugwa ko yabitewe n’uko yari gukorwaho iperereza n’urukiko rwa ICC akaba yari afite ubwoba ko ashobora gusohorerwa impapuro zimuta muri yombi bityo bigahita byorohera leta ya Congo kumuta muri yombi igihe cyose yari kuba yagiye gukorera i Kinshasa.

Jules Mutebutsi

Yagize imbaraga nyinshi cyane k’urugamba afata imijyi itandukanye muri Nord Kivu nk’uko RCD-Goma yari yarabigenje, ndetse azagufata umujyi wa Bukavu afatanije na Colonel Jules Mutebutsi. Ariko ababikurikiranira hafi bazi uko ubwo bwumvikane buke navuze haruguru (Nord Kivu na Sud Kivu) bwagaragaye cyane ubwo Nkunda na Mutebutsi bamaze gufata umugi wa Bukavu bananiwe kumvikana bigatuma bawuvamo bose aho gukomezanya Mutebutsi n’ingabo ze bahungira mu Rwanda.

Bidatinze, mu gihe imirwano hagati ya CNDP ya General Laurent Nkunda n’ingabo za Leta ya Congo yarimo guca ibintu, muri Nzeli 2007, Perezida Paul Kagame mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru yaje gutangaza ko ashigikiye General Laurent Nkunda ubwo yagiraga ati: “…murebe uriya mugabo Laurent Nkunda, mwamukunda mutamukunda, haba hari udukosa duto yaba yarakoze mbere mumenye ko ibyo arwanira bifite ishingiro…”. Ubu n’ubutumwa busobanutse u Rwanda rwari rutanze.

Icyo gihe nanone kubera ibibazo byari mu ishyaka rya UPC rya Thomas Lubanga mu Ntara ya Ituri, General Bosco Ntaganda wari umwungirije yaje kwitandukanya nawo aza kwakirwa na Nkunda muri CNDP cyane ko yari yarasohorewe urupapuro mu Ugushyingo 2005 rwo kumuta muri yombi kubera ibyaha by’intambara yashinjwaga mu ntambara zahuzaga ubwoko bw’abahema n’abalendu muri Ituri. Birumvikana ko ntahandi yashoboraga kujya uretse kwihisha mu nyeshyamba nka CNDP.

Uyu mutwe warugizwe ahanini n’abatuye Congo, Nord Kivu, bavuga ikinyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi nubwo w’amamaye cyane kubera ubuhanga mu kwisobanuro bwa General Laurent Nkunda n’imbaraga zabamufashaga, ntiwamaze kabili nk’umubyeyi wawo RCD-Goma.

1.1 Ihihirima rya CNDP

Laurent Nkundabatware Mihigo

Ihirima ry’uyu mutwe jye ndishyira ahanini ku kuba General Laurent Nkunda ataritaye ku macakubiri n’ubucyeba burangwa hagati y’abavuga ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda bakomoka muri teritwari ya Masisi bitwa abagogwe n’abakomoka muri teritwari ya Rutshuru bitwa abanyejomba. We wakomokaga Rutshuru ni umunyejomba akaba yari yungirijwe n’umugogwe Generali Bosco Ntaganda.

Byaje kugenda gute?

General Nkunda yari afite ibirindiro ahitwa Bwiza muri Rutshuru iwabo na Ntaganda afite ibirindiro iwabo muri Masisi. Bitewemo inkunga n’u Rwanda, ngo mu rwego rwo gufasha CNDP gushikirana na Leta ya Congo, bifashishije ya makimbirane navuze haruguru y’abagogwe n’abanyejomba binjira muri Bosco Ntaganda w’umugogwe bamusaba guhirika ku buyobozi bw’ishyaka umunyejomba Laurent Nkunda ndetse bikavugwa ko yanahawe amadolari menshi kugira ngo asohoze icyo gikorwa. Ntabwo byari kumworohera kuko ntabwo yari akunzwe na gato, yaba mu banyapolitike, abasirikare n’abaterankunga ba CNDP bityo biba ngombwa ko yitabaza abantu bize b’abarimu biberaga mu Rwanda nka Dr. Desiré Kamanzi na Prof. Jean Munyampenda.

Dr. Desiré Kamanzi wari witabajwe guhirika Nkunda, yari muntu ki?

Désiré Gapira Kamanzi

Uyu mugabo, ukunda kwiyogoshesha inyogosho bita penke, wize icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza i Goma mu by’ubuforomo akaza kubona Doctorat mu gihugu cya Africa y’epfo, yari yarigeze gukorana na bagenzi be muri CNDP ubuzima bw’ishyamba bumunaniye asaba Laurent Nkunda uruhushya rwo kuza mu Rwanda ngo yahabonye ikiraka cy’abanyakanada. Amaze kumutakambira cyane yamwemereye kugenda, ibyari ikiraka cy’abanyakanada cyahindutse kwigisha KHI na ULK yishakira ubuzima ibya CNDP arabisezerera. Namenyanye nawe yigisha muri ULK.

Bosco Ntaganda, Dr. Desiré Kamanzi na Pr. Jean Munyampenda mu buryo butunguranye, batangiye gutanga ibiganiro ku maradio mpuzamahanga no mu binyamakuru byandika, batangaza ko bakuye ku buyobozi bw’ishyaka Laurent Nkunda. Bamushinjaga iki? Bavugaga ko: (1) Nkunda abiba amacakubiri mu ishyaka; (2) yikubira kandi ari umunyenda nini, (3) “bad leadership” na “bad governance. Ndetse Kamanzi Désiré yaje kugeza aho atangariza BBC ko Nkunda ari ikibazo kuri ejo hazaza h’ishyaka rya CNDP akaba n’ikibazo ku banyekongo bose! Ni akumiro! Hari abemeza ko Generali Laurent Nkunda atashakaga gukomeza gukorera mu kwaha k’u Rwanda, kandi ntiyifuze ko umutungo wa Congo wakomeza gusahurwa bajyana hanze.

Abasirikare ba CNDP bakibaza ikibaye n’uko babyitwaramo, baje gutangarizwa ko Kamanzi abaye ubuyobozi wa CNDP ishami rya politiki, Bosco Ntaganda abaye umuyobozi w’igisirikare kandi ko bose bagomba kujya muri leta byihuse.
Iki nicyo gihe kibi nkeka Generali Laurent Nkunda yagize atazibagirwa mu buzima bwe. We yavugaga ko arwanira abatutsi bicwa n’imitwe itandukanye, akavuga ko yifuza icyurwa ry’impunzi yaje kwisanga ibyo yarwaniraga nta gaciro na gake bifite imbere ya Bosco Ntaganda, Kamanzi Désiré na Jean Munyampenda. Yaje kumvikana mu imvo n’imvano kuri BBC Gahuzamiryango asaba bagenzi be kudasenya CNDP ahubwo ababwira ko niba ari ubuyobozi bw’ishyaka bashaka babufata ariko ibyo barwanira bikagerwaho, gusa yatakambye byarangiye. Murabizi ko ubutumwa bwe bwaje kuba bushorejwe aho kuwa 22 Mutarama 2009, aza mu Rwanda kimwe n’uko Jules Mutebutsi nawe yaje gutaha ananiwe ubutumwa.

1.1.1 Ibice bibili mu gisirikare cya CNDP

Bosco Ntaganda

Bosco Ntaganda wagombaga kujya imbere bagenzi be bakavangwa na Leta ya Congo biribukwa ko yabanje kubura abamukurikira. Impamvu zatumye batamuyoboka n’uko yari yaraje muri CNDP nyuma ya bagenzi be avuye Ituri, abenshi muri bagenzi be batangiye kumufata nk’umugambanyi, nta mashuri yize kandi ntiyari azi kuvuga ku buryo yashoboraga kwigarurira bagenzi be.

Ibice bibili byahise bivuka: Igice cya mbere ni icyababajwe n’ifungwa rya Nkunda gihita kiyoboka Colonel Sultani Makenga kimufata nk’umuyobozi wungirije byagateganyo igihe cyose Nkunda atari yagaruka ku rugamba; Igice cya kabili cyari kigizwe n’abasirikare bake bayobowe na Generali Bosco Ntaganda ayobokwa na Baudouin Ngaruye na Colonel Wilson Nsengiyumva.

Bosco Ntaganda yaje kwiyambaza uwigeze kuba Guverineri w’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru Eugene Serufuli wo mu bwoko bw’abahutu kugira ngo amwunge n’igice kikiri inyuma ya Nkunda. Yaje kubimukorera ariko atabishoboye neza.

Bikavugwa ko iyo nkuru y’ibice bibili bitashimishije u Rwanda bityo Generali James Kabarebe aza gutumiza inama

Eugène Serufuli Ngayabaseka

y’abasirikare bakuru ba CNDP i Gisenyi hafi y’umupaka ababwira ko bahitamo gukurikira Bosco Ntaganda bakajya muri Leta cyangwa kwanga kumukurikira bagafatwa nk’abanzi b’u Rwanda.

Nta kundi byari kugenda baje kwemera gukurikira Bosco Ntaganda bakinjira muri Leta. Nguko uko ikipe y’aba colonel na Lt. Colonel n’ingabo bayoboye bisanze muri Leta bakoherezwa gukorera muri Kivu zombi!

1.1.2 Isenyuka ry’ishami rya politike

Nk’uko twabigaragaje hejuru ishami rya politiki nyuma ya Nkunda ryatangiye muri Mutarama  2009 riyobowe na Kamanzi Désiré nababwiye haruguru. Ariko ntibyatinze uyu aza gukurwa ku buyobozi bw’ishyaka asimbuzwa Gafishi Ngango Philipe.

Gafishi Ngango Philippe yari muntu ki?

Philippe Gafishi Ngango

Uyu mugabo waminuje mu bya Econometrie namumenye akora mu ishami ry’ibarurishamibare muri minisiteri ya Finance mu Rwanda (MINECOFIN) anigisha muri ULK. Yaje kwerekana ko hakenewe ikigo cyigenga gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare. Icyo gitekerezo cyaje kwemerwa hashingwa ikigo INSR/NISR kiba ikigo cyigenga ariko ntiyagira amahirwe yo kukiyobora kuko inama y’abaministre yaje kuzana Dr. Ir. Louis Munyakazi kukibera umuyobozi hanyuma Gafishi Ngango Philipe aba umwe mubayobozi b’amashami muri icyo kigo. Imikoranire ye n’umuyobozi mushya ntiyaje kuba myiza bituma asezera ajya kuba umwarimu muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda (UNR) aho bishoboka ko yaje no kuba Doyen w’ishami ryigisha Imibare.

Virus yari yarasenye ishyaka rya RCD ryari rimaze kugera muri CNDP kuko Gafishi Ngango Philippe nawe atigeze atinda ku buyobozi kuko yaje gusimbuzwa Mwangacucu Edouard waje kugirwa Senateri i Kinshasa. Mu myaka 3 ya nyuma ya Nkunda abayobozi batatu bose, n’ukuvuga buri mwaka bakuragaho umuyobozi bagashiraho undi kandi iyi virus yamaze kugera no muri M23 (Nzabigarukaho mu gice cya IV cy’iyi nkuru)!

2. ABAVUGA IKINYARWANDA BO MURI CONGO BAKIRIYE BATE ISENYUKA RYA CNDP

Edouard Mwangachuchu

Impunzi z’abo bavandimwe b’abaturanyi zahise zigirira icyizere ishyaka rya CNDP ko ziyumvamo ko zigiye gucyurwa muri Congo na Laurent Nkunda. Zitangiye kumva amakuru y’isubiranamo ry’abasirikare n’abanyapolitiki ba CNDP zarashobewe. Bikavugwa ko ibiganiro byabaye byinshi mu Nkambi ya Gihembe mu Karere ka Gicumbi no mu Nkambi ya Rwankuba mu Karere ka Karongi basabwa kuyoboka abayobozi bashya bakabwirwa ko batagomba kugirira ubwoba bw’ikurwaho rya Nkunda.

Ibyo biganiro ntacyo byatanze ikimenyetso kikaba uko nyuma y’ifatwa rya Nkunda tariki, 22 Mutarama 2009, impunzi (abagore, abagabo n’abana) zarigaragambije zitinyuka polisi y’u Rwanda bayitera amabuye karahava. Mu nkambi ya Rwankuba muri Karongi ho byabaye birebire kuko nzi umupolisi bateye ibuye rikamumena urwasaya na n’ubu iyo nkovu arayifite! Uyu mupolisi wasanga atari azi n’ibya CNDP, wasanga atari azi na Nkunda, wasanga kandi atarakurikiranaga amakuru ngo amenye ibyabaye disi! Hari n’umugore wumvikanye kuri BBC gahuzamiryango avuga ko polisi y’u Rwanda yamurashe akaba yaravugiraga mu bitaro bya Kibuye icyo gihe. Hari n’abemeza ko hari abagabo benshi bari batuye muri Kigali bagiye bahamagarwa na Polisi kubazwa bacyekwaho kuba bari inyuma y’iyo myigaragambyo y’impunzi. Umuntu arebye neza yasanga izi mpunzi zari zifite ishingiro kuko icyizere cyo gutaha cyayoyokanye n’ifatwa rya Nkunda.

Amasezerano CNDP ya Kamanzi Désiré yagiranye na Leta ya Congo nk’uko tuyakesha AFP ntabwo agaragaza neza icyurwa ry’impunzi. Nk’uko tubikesha AFP dore iby’ingenzi bumvikanye:

  • Icya 1 Guhindura CNDP ishaka rya politike igisirikare kikavanga na Leta no gufungura abasirikare ba CNDP bafatiwe kurugamba;
  • Icya 2 Leta ya Congo yasabwe kandi yemera guha imbabazi inyeshyamba za CNDP (Bosco Ntaganda) zaba zarakoze ibyaha by’intambara bityo ntizizakurikiranywe n’inkiko;
  • Icya 3 Impande zombi zemeranijwe kandi ko hagomba gushingwa igipolisi cy’igihugu gikorera abaturage kandi cyumva abaturage.
Charles Bisengimana

Nguko uko Charles Bisengimana yabaye Umuyobozi mukuru wa Polisi y’igihugu cya Congo kugeza uno munsi; Célestin VUNABANDI KANYAMIHIGO yaje kwisanga ari Ministre wa Plan et suivi de mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité yungirijwe na SADOCK BIGANZA uwari umuyobozi wa CNDP Mwangacucu aba umusenateri.

Igice cya IV tuzavuga ku ivuka rya M23; tuzabereka amakimbirane abari abanyepolitike n’abari mu gisirikare cya CNDP bagiranye n’icyo bapfaga mbere gato yo gushinga M23. Tuzerekana impamvu Bosco Ntaganda bakunda kwita Terminator yaje gusimbuzwa Sultani Makenga. Tuzavuga uko tubona iherezo rya M23. Tuzasoza twerekana uko perezida Joseph Kabila abona uriya mutwe.

(BIRACYAZA….)

KANUMA Christophe
E-mail: [email protected]

IHEREZO RY’UMUTWE WA M23 NA BYINSHI MUTAMENYE KU NKOMOKO YAWO- Igice I

IHEREZO RY’UMUTWE WA M23 NA BYINSHI MUTAMENYE KU NKOMOKO YAWO- Igice II

IHEREZO RY’UMUTWE WA M23 NA BYINSHI MUTAMENYE KU NKOMOKO YAWO- Igice IV

6 COMMENTS

  1. Hari ibyo uvuga utazi,1)Charles Bisengimana ni Umunyamulenge ntaho ahuriye na CNDP kuko biriya byose wavuze byabaye muri CNDP ntaho ahuriye nabyo kuko we yajyanye Kin na RCD.
    2) Yabaye n’uyu munsi niumuyobozi wungirije wa police kubera ko uwarumuyobozi John Numbi yahagaritswe kumirimoye kubera gukekwaho urupfu rwa bityo kubivanga nibya CNDP n’ukubeshya rwose.
    3) Biganza nawe uvuga n’umunyamulenge wari muri Gvt provincial ya sud kivu aza kugenwa kuba visi ministri muri iyi leta nshyashya ya kabila. Mbere yo kwandika rero jya ubanze ushakishe kumenye nibitaba ibyo ibyo uvuga bizatera abantu isesemi bareke kubisoma. nanagusaba kutavanga Abanyamurenge muri CNDP na M23 kuko ibyo bicye byombi ujye ubyitirira CNDD. Anyamurenge ubitirire RCD niho inkuru izajya iryoha kandi isobanutse.

  2. Banditsi b’iyi nkuru ndabashimiye cyane kutugezaho amateka n’inkomoko y’ibibera muri kongo. Kdi burya iyo umuntu ataramenya inkomoko y’amakimbirane burya ntabwo bishoboka kuyakemura. Nubwo abayobozi ba kongo barigushakira ikibazo aho kitari, ibibera muri nord-kivu ni ingaruka z’uko President Kabira yananiwe kuyobora kongo. Bitewe n’uko kongo ari nini cyane, ubuyobozi bukaba butari decentralisé, kandi inzego za kongo zikaba ntabushobozi zifite bituma gestion ya kongo imubera ihurizo rikomeye. Ingaruka ni izi turikubona uyumunsi. Mugihe abakonyekongo bavuga ururimi rwikinyarwanda batarishyira hamwe ngo baharanire uburenganzira bwabo, bazahora bahura nibibazo. RCD&CNDP byasenywe n’amacakubiri, M23 yakagombye kwigira kuribagenzi bayo kugirango nayo itazazimira nkabandi bose. M23 ifite ingufu ariko hinjiyemo kutumvikana ntanicyumweru yamara itarasenyuka. Kabila niyubake inzego z’igihugu, aharanire unité yabanyekongo bose atitaye ku nkomoko yabo nk’uko USA yabishoboye. Bibaye ngombwa azabaze abanyamerika uko babishoboye. Ndabashimiye. From: Political Analyst

  3. Madam Ange,
    Nari ngiye kugushimira kuba watanze igitekerezo cyawe ariko ijambo isesemi washizemo ritumye…..
    Niba warasomye inyandiko ya mbere wabonye uko bariya bavandimwe banyu ba Nord Kivu byagezeho nabo babita abanyamulenge. Kuzanamo Bisengimana rero n’uko mubyo CNDP yasinyiye mumasezerano yagiranye na Leta harimo nibya polisi; ikindi ntaho nigeze mvuga ko Bigaza ari uwo muri CNDP soma neza! Bigaza navuzeko yungirije ministre wa Plan Vunabandi wa Nord Kivu.
    Reka nkwibarize buriya aho nigeze mvuga CNDD mu nkuru zanjye nihehe? CNDD ya Nkuruzinza mu Burundi ihuriyehe nibyo muri Kivu zombi koko Ange?
    Umunsi mwiza

  4. Nkundabatwaare yari mubi cyane, yishe abakongimane nabibonaga kuri TV, ubundi aheta ibitugu mu makositimu arikubyina kamucerenge ningaboze.genda kongo wagoka uzira abanyarwanda bashaka ubutegetsi bose uko bangana.ndabona kagame amaherezo u rwanda azarusigira nyirarumongi ajye kongo kuyishyira kugihe nubundi sinzi icyo akora i rwanda kandi umutungo uri kongo,afrika y’ibiyaga bigari murayitobye! sinzi niba mubibona? niba mubibona mubona amaherezo ari ayahe? ngaho ni mukomeze, amateka azakomeza yandikwe, ntakundi byagenda.

  5. abanyamakuru murakoze kundufasha kuraya mateka ya CONGO ariko muzangerangeze mudusabire GEN NKUDA ko yarekurwa niho CONGO izagira amahoro kuko ndabona ariwe munyecongo ushobora gukemura icyo kibazo kandi ari abasirikare BOSE baramwemera cyane nabaturanye bose baramwemera rero ndabona ariwe byose ahubwo bamurekure hasigaye afatanye na kabila nuko amwubakire igihungu kuko ntawundi kandi ntabwo ashoboye kuryanya M23 Kkuko ntabwo ashoboye kuryanya aba bahungu kuko ntaho bashobora kunya hatari iwabo rero natuze abane nabandi banyegongo naho kumarisha bana bingihugu cye bizamukoraho

  6. umwanditsi w’iyinkuru ndagushimiye kuriyinkuru. Gusa iyinkuru wanditse mubyukuri urasa nutayize neze, kuko haribintu wahujije urabifatanya ubigira ikintu kimwe. CNDP/M23 ntaho ihuriye N’abanyamurenge, vraiment iyinkuru y’ambereye nshasha kandi nsanzwe nyizi vraiment byaba byiza ko muzajyamubanza mukabazaneza imvo n’imvano y’inkuru mugiye kugeza kubasomyi kuko muyitanze uko itari muzaba muri kuyobya no kuzimiza abasomyi murakoze.

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