Impamvu zitavuzwe zatumye impunzi z’abanyecongo mu nkambi ya Kiziba zigaragambya

Imwe mu nkomere yarashwe n’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda mu myigaragambyo yabaye ejo hashize 20/02/2018 Kibuye

Ejo hashize nibwo inkuru yasakaye haba mu majwi no muma shusho itabariza impunzi z’abanyecongo zibarizwa mu nkambi ya Kiziba mu karere ka Karongi mu ntara y’iburengerazuba ko barimo kurwaswaho n’ingabo z’u Rwanda zibabuza gukora urugendo rwerekeza ku kicyaro gikuru cya HCR kugira ngo bavuge ibibazo byabo birimo inzara no gushyirwa muri gahunda z’ubudehe kandi atari abenegihugu(Abyarwanda).

Nkuko bisanzwe leta y’umunyagitugu Kagame yanze ko izo mpunzi zivugira ibibazo byazo ihitamo kubazibira inzira ariko biba iby’ubusa kugeza ubwo zageze ku biro bya HCR ndetse amakuru dufite ni uko bakambitse banarara iruhande rw’aho HCR ikorera, ni nyuma yaho inaniriwe gukemura ikibazo cyabo ibabwira ko bagomba gusubira mu nkambi ariko nabo baranga bahitamo kurara hanze. Muri kino gitondo cyo ku wa gatatu hari abandi benshi bahabasanze.

Mubyukuri abantu benshi ntibasobanukiwe impamvu nyazo zatumye noneho izi mpunzi zifata icyemezo gikarishye cyo kwigaragambiriza imbero y’ibiro bya HCR nyuma y’imyaka irenga 20 bageze muri iriya nkambi. Muri iyi nyandiko ndabagezaho impamvu nyinshi zabiteye.

1.Impamvu ya kure(causes lointaines)

Muri 1996 Kagame yagabye ibitero muri Congo icyo gihe yitwaga Zaire yitwaje ko agiye « guhiga abasize bakoze ubwicanyi » no « kurengera Abatutsi ba Banyecongo bari bamerewe nabi na leta aya Mobutu » . Abibuka neza izina Abanyamulenge ryaravuzwe cyane mu bitangazamakuru ko aribo bateye Zaire batabara ababyeyi babo bicwaga ariko mubyukuri bari abasirikari ba Kagame bari bateye. Kagame yarafite umugambi wo kuzana Abatutsi babanyecongo mu Rwanda kugira ngo azajye akoresha izo mpunzi igihe cyose akeneye mu gutera Congo.

Ntabwo byateye kabiri Abatutsi bo muri Nord Kivu barahunga ku bwinshi babitegetswe n’abambari ba Kagame nkuko yari yabipanze bacumbikirwa i Mudende nyuma bajyanwa mu kambi ya Kiziba mu kuboza 1996. Muri Sud Kivu ho byaramuyobeye umugambi we uramupfubana kw’ikubitiro ariko nyuma ingaruka(mai mai, inzara) z’intambara Kagame yateje muri Sud Kivu zatumye Abanyamulenge nabo bahunga ku bwinshi abenshi bajyanwa mu nkambi ya Kiziba. Uko intambara yakomezaga muri za Kivu zombi niko impunzi zarushagaho kwiyongera kugeza aho bongereye izindi nkambi(Nyabiheke, Ngaramba, Gikongoro).

Inkambi zagizwe ahantu ho kurerera abazaba abarwanyi/abasirikari ba Kagame

Nkuko nabikomojeho haruguru izi nkambi zabaye ifumbire ya Kagame yo kurereramo abazaba abarwanyi yagiye yifashisha mu ntambara zabaye n’izizaba. Abana benshi bajanwe mu gisirikari cya Kagame, urugero ni Laurent Nkunda wajyanwe mugisirikari ku ngufu hamwe n’abandi benshi kw’ikubitro muri 1996 ubwo impunzi za mbere zageraga i Mudende. Hari n’abandi bari baturutse muri Sud Kivu bahitijwe i Gitarama nyuma bamwe muri bo bari abana bajyanwa mu gisirikari. Uko intambara zagendaga zirushaho gukomera Kagame yifashishaga izo mpunzi kugeza ku ntambara M23. Ibi rero byatumye izi mpunzi zizinukwa u Rwanda gusa zibura imbarutso kuko iyo hagiraga ukopfora baramutambikanaga kaburirwa irengero.

Abana benshi baguye muri izo ntambara ariko imiryango yabo ikabuzwa gukora ikiriyo, abandi batwaye mu gisirikari ku ngupfu aho benshi bagizwe abarinda Kagame n’abandi bayobozi b’igihugu ariko ntibyigeze bihindura imibereho y’imiryango bakomokamo ahubwo bagiye bakoreshwa mugutera ubwoba no kuneka bene wabo batishimiye ibyo bikorwa. Mu myaka mike ishize ubwo Laurent Nkunda yafatwaga agafungirwa i Kigali benshi mu basirikari bakomoka muri Nord Kivu barindaga Kagame barahinduwe abandi barirukanwa kubera umwuka mubi ifungwa rya Nkunda n’iyicwa rya Mzee Semadwinga wari umujyenam we ryari byateje.

Kuva icyo gihe abakomoka muri Nord Kivu bagabanyirijwe icyizere kwa Kagame no muri FPR nubwo hakirimo bake bakijunjamyemo. Ibi byose byatumye impunzi zirushaho kubona ububi bwo kuba mu Rwanda rwa Kagame ariko hakabura imbarutso, yabonetse noneho.

Imibereho y’Impunzi yakomeje kuba mibi ariko zitegekwa kugira imyumvire ya FPR

Kugira ngo FPR ikomeze igire ijambo kuri zino mpunzi yashyizeho inzego ziyireberera zigizwe n’abamwe mu mpunzi n’abaturage basanzwe kugirango babacengezemo ibitekerezo ko Kagame adahari bakwicwa bose. Nkuko bisanzwe ahandi hose kw’isi impunzi ziba zifite uburenganzira bwo gukomeza umucyo wazo ariko siko byagenze mu Rwanda kuko leta yahoraga ibangamira ibikorwa byazo ahanini biharanira kw’ibuka no kuzirikana aho zavuye.

Ibi bigaragara akenshi mugushyira impunzi muri za gahunda zimwe na zimwe zifitiye inyungu FPR. Muri zo zakoreshejwe mu kuneka baginzi babo bashobora kubangamira inyungu za FPR mu turere baturutsemo. Iyo Kagame yashakaga gutera Congo yakoreshaga impunzi muri propaganda igamije gusembya leta ya Congo cyangwase intara bakomokamo.

Byageze n’aho FPR yiyambaza impuguke zikomoka muri Nord na Sud Kivu zisanzwe zikorera FPR zinafite imyanya ikomeye mu Rwanda mu gucengeza amatwara yayo ari nako zigerageza gushwanisha abakomoka muri Sud na Nord Kivu kugira ngo babone uko babacengeramo. Iturufu ikomeye FPR ikoresha mu kubuza abantu ubwinyagamburiro ni ugukenesha abantu, izi mpunzi zagize imbyago nazo izigeramo kuburyo ibiribwa, ubuvuzi, no kubona imirimo biba ihurizo ku mpunzi nubwo HCR yabaga yabikoze neza ariko ubutyo bibageraho byatumaga inzara yenda kuzica.

Ikibazo cyo kwibuka FPR yagicengeyemo mu rwego rwo kumara ubumwe bw’impunzi

Kuva Kagame yatangira intambara muri Congo muri 1996 Abatutsi benshi barishwe mu bihe bitandukanye ariko nanone hari ubwicanyi bwagiye bukorwa muburyo bwa kinyamanswa izi mpunzi zibuka buri mwaka. Abanyamulenge bibuka ubwicanyi bwabaye mu Gatumba muri 2004, iki gikorwa ntabwo FPR yigeze icyishimira kubera ko yabonana kirushaho gushyira hamwe Abanyamulenge nibwo yatangiye gukora ibishoboka byose ngo igikureho burundi cyangwase ikimare imbaraga. Ku rundi ruhande Abagogwe (Abanyejomba/Masisi) nabo bahoraga bibuka ubwicanyi bwakorewe bene wabo cyane cyane i Mudende.

Nabibutsa ko ubu bwicanyi bwakozwe mu gihe n’ahantu hatandukanye bityo abibuka bagombaga kwibuka ugutandukanye nkuko bo bahoraga babikora. FPR rero yategetse ko bibukira hamwe abishwe mubihe bitandukanye. Mubyukuri impande zombi zari zishimiye uko bibuka ababo mu bihe bitandukanye ndetse bagafatikanya iyo uruhande rumwe rwubukaga. Ubu bumwe bwaje kubangamira imikorere ya FPR itegeka ko byitwa « kwibuka abatutsi bo muri Congo bishwe mu bihe bitandukanye », yari izi neza ko impande zombi zitabyifuza.

Ntagushidikanya ko FPR yatinyaga ubumwe bw’izi mpunzi zifite amateka atandukanye bwarushagaho kuba bwiza ari nako barushaho kumenya uwabateje akaga katumye baba impunzi. Ubu bumwe bwatumye abakomoka muri Nord Kivu batangira gusobanukirwa ko umwanzi wabo ari Kagame bityo batangira guhindura imbyumvire, cyane cyane ku kibazo cya M23. Ibi rero byazamuye urwango izi mpunzi zanga FPR na Kagame ndetse zirushaho kumenya ko ariwe nyiribayaza w’intambara zayogoje iwabo, haburaga imbarutso.

Imyaka ibiri ishize ubwo Abanyamulenge bateguraga igikorwa cyo kwibuka nk’uko bisanzwe bategetswe kwibukira hamwe n’abo muri Nord Kivu barabyanga biba ibyubusa. Kugira ngo FPR ibigereho yakoresheje abandi banyecongo batari impunzi batuye Kigali kumvisa bene wabo « akamaro ko kwibukira hamwe » nubwo impande zombi zitabishaka.

Impunzi zagiye zisimbuzwa intore igihe cyo kuzitwara hanze(EU, US, Canada na Australie)

Amategeko agenga impunzi azemerera ko nyuma y’igihe runaka zishobora kwimurwa zikajyanwa mu gihugu cya gatatu bitewe nuko umutekano iwabo urushaho kuba mubi kandi hari ibihugu bikize kw’isi byifuza kwakira impunzi. Izi mpunzi rero nazo zari ziri muri iyo gahunda. Nkuko bisanzwe umuntu impunzi zikoreshwa ibiganiro(interviews) nyuma zikimurwa.

Mu Rwanda rwa FPR na Kagame byabaye agahoma munwa, mu gihe muri zimwe mu mpunzi zabaga zitegura kwimurwa DMI yakoraga uko ishoboye kose igacengera HCR bikarangira himuwe intore ari zazindi mubona zihora zibangamira impunzi z’abanyarwanda kw’isi.

Ibi byatangiye ahagana 2012 ubwo let aya FPR yakoraga amayeri yo gukuramo bamwe mu mpunzi muri gahunda yo kwimurwa, noneho bashyiraho gahunda yo gukorana na HCR bahuza amakuru(data system) kugirango bayihe amazina y’impunzi zifite indangamuntu y’u Rwanda.

Ndibuka icyo gihe habaye icyo nakwita umukwabu, impunzi yose itarabarizwaga mu nkambi yategetswe kongera kwibaruza, impamvu ntayindi kwari ugufatisha zimwe muri zo zari zifite dossiers. Hashizweho itegeko rivuga ko impunzi yose igomba guhitamo kimwe: gutakaza ubuhunzi cg indangamuntu y’u Rwanda. Inyinshi ziberaga(ziga cg zikora) mu mijyi nitandukanye y’u Rwanda zahisemo gutakaza ubuhunzi cyane ko ubuzima bwo mu nkambi bwari bubi cyane ugereranyije nubwo barimo za Kigali.

Amakuru avuga ko PFR yabikoze izi neza ko hari gahunda HCR ifite yo kwimurira hanze zimwe mu mpunzi bityo abo bakuriweho ubuhunzi basimbuzwa n’intore. Sibyo gusa ahubwo hagiye hanakorwa ibikorwa byo kwiba ama dossiers y’impunzi, impunzi yagera ku kibuga cy’indege ikangirwa gutambuka haramaze kugenda undi mumazina ye. Iki gikorwa kigayitse cyarakaje impunzi kuburyo benshi bahungiye i Bugande, Burundi, Kenya n’ahandi bongera gusaba ubuhungiro.

2. Impamvu ya vuba (causes immédiates)

Uko ibihe byagiye biha ibindi niko FPR yagiye yiga indi mitwe yo kuburizamo izi mpunzi kuja hanze no kurushaho kubagenzura ariko impunzi zirayitahura.

Gushyirwa mu by’icyiro by’ubudehe amayeri yo gucuruza impunzi no kubakura muri dossiers zo kujya hanze

Iminsi ishize nibwo hatangiye kumvika ko hari gahunda yo gushyira impunzi mu by’icyiro by’ubudehe ngo bitewe n’impamvu yuko HCR yagabanyije amafaranga yo gutunga impunzi kw’isi. Iyi gahunda igamije kuburizamo impunzi kujyanwa hanze ahubwo zigakomeza kuba mu buzima bubi ari nako akomeza kuzikoresha uko ashatse.

FPR yasobanuriye HCR ko ifite program yo gufasha impunzi bityo bayisaba gukorana nayo ndetse no kubafasha gukusanya inkunga yitwa ko izafasha impunzi mu by’ukuri byari ibinyoma ahubwo bwari uburyo butuma FPR ya Kagame ibona iturufu yo kubona akayabo ikuye muri ubwo buriganya.

Izi mpunzi rero zimaze kumenya ko zirimo gucuruzwa na leta ya Kagame zihutiye kwandikira HCR uburyo iki badashaka gushyirwa muri gahunda ya za leta ya Kagame kandi atari abanyarwanda. Amayeri FPR yakoresheje ni ukwicisha impunzi inzara kugirango bemere batazuyaje iyo gahunda yabo y’ubudehe, bibwiraga ko inzara nibazengereza nta résistance bazigira bityo bazemera batazuyaje iyo gahunda. Impunzi kandi zibabije impamvu izi mu Rwanda ari zo zibangamiwe n’ikibazo cy’inzara zonyine kandi hari bene wabo bari Uganda, Kenya, Burundi, batagifite.

Bahora bavugana na bene wabo bahungiye hirya no hino mu karere ariko baba bwira ko bo badafite icyo kibazo nubwo nabo batihaza mu biribwa ariko babayeho baratekanye bahabwa duke ariko mu mahoro kandi kugihe.

Intambara itegurwa na Kagame muri Congo

Mu maze igihe mwumva intambara muri Nord na Sud Kivu, izi ntambara Kagame azifitemo akaboko mu buryo buziguye n’ubutaziguye. Izi mpunzi cyane cyane izikomoka muri Nord Kivu zifite bene wabo baziha amakuru ko igihe cyose Kagame yakongera kubacuramo inkumbi dore ko muri ino minsi havugwa intambara iherutse kuba hagati y’ingabo za leta ya Congo n’iz’u Rwanda.

Impungenge ni nyinshi ku mpunzi zitekereza ko hongeye kuba intambara yitirirwa bene wabo bayishirwamo kungufu, niyo mpamvu ejo bigaragambaga bavuga ko bifuza ko HCR yabatwara mu kindi gihugu cyose atari u Rwanda. Ibi byerekana ko bazi neza urubatagereje nibadasakuza hakiri kare.

Umwanzuro

Nyuma y’imyaka irenga 20 izi mpunzi zihangana nubwo zitari ziguwe neza igihe kirageze ngo bavuye ibibi byose leta ya Kagame yabakoreye niyo mpamvu batagitinye amasasu baraswaho. Igiteye impungenge nuko bamwe muri bo bakoreshwa na FPR mu gutanga bene wabo bavugira impunzi. Ndashishikariza impunzi kuba umwe mu bibazo byose bamazemo ntibahemurwe n’akamanyu mutsima. Ndasaba kandi HCR n’indi miryango kwita kuri kino kibazo cyane cyane gucungira izi mpunzi umutekeno kuko FPR ya Kagame ishobora gukoresha amayeri yo kurigiza abayobozi bazo.

Umusomyi wa therwandan