Imyaka ibaye 54 Demokarasi na Repubulika byinjiye mu mateka y’u Rwanda kuva kw’italiki ya 28/01/1961. Mbere y’iriya taliki ariya amajambo Repubulika na Demokarasi ntiyari azwi, ntiyakoreshwaga mu Rwanda.
Mbere y’aho, hariho ingoma ya Cyami yayoborwaga n’Umwami Rudahigwa kuva mu 1932 wasimbuwe muri Nyakanga 1959 na murumuna we Kigeli V Ndahindurwa. Repubulika yagiyeho Umwami Kigeli amaze kwangira amashyaka ya politiki ingingo indwi(7) ayo mashyaka arimo abatutsi n’abahutu yari yamusabye gushyira mu bikorwa. Muri izo ngingo indwi, hari harimo no gushyiraho guverinoma igizwe n’abatutsi n’abahutu, Gerigori Kayibanda yemereye amashyaka yose kuyibera Minisitiri w’Intebe. Ibyo by’ingingo 7 amashyaka yabishyikirije Umwami Kigeli V taliki ya 24/03/1960.
Ku baba batibuka biriya bintu birindwi amashyaka ya politiki agizwe n’abatutsi n’abahutu yasabye Umwami Kigeli V akanga kubishyira mu bikorwa n’uko byagenze nyuma y’aho, ngibi:
Ku mataliki ya 23 na 24/03/1960 Inteko Idasanzwe y’Igihugu (Conseil Special) yari igizwe n’ amashyaka ane yari akomeye mu Rwanda arimo abahutu n’abatutsi yarateranye yemeza ko Umwami Kigeli V agomba gutangira gukora nk’umwami ushingiye kw’itegeko nshinga nk’uko yari yararahiye abyemera igihe yajyagaho muri Nyakanga 1959. Ayo mashyaka ari yo APROSOMA, UNAR, PARMEHUTU na RADER yandikiye Umwami Kigeli V ingingo zirindwi yasabwaga kwemera ngo azishyireho umukono anazishyire mu bikorwa maze ituze rigaruke mu gihugu. Izo ngingo 7 ni izi zikurikira: (1)gushyiraho guverinoma y’agateganyo ihuriweho n’ariya mashyaka ane agize Inteko Idasanzwe y’igihugu; (2) Umwami kugira agenda (gahunda y’akazi) izwi ntiyitware uko yishakiye; (3) Umwami kuva i Nyanza agatura mu murwa mukuru i Kigali; (4) Umwami kwemera abategetsi b’agateganyo baturutse mu moko yose y’abanyarwanda; (5) Umwami kutagira icyemezo afata kitabanje kwemezwa n’ Inteko Idasanzwe y’Igihugu; (5) Umwami gusinya inyandiko bamugejejeho atarengeje iminsi 8 keretse Inteko Idasanzwe y’Igihugu yongereye igihe; (7) Kalinga gusimburwa n’ibendera ry’igihugu naho abiru bakavaho burundu.
Agatsiko k’abatutsi b’abahezanguni bari batsimbaraye ku kwiharira ubutegetsi n’ibindi byose byiza igihugu kigenera bene cyo, kamugiye mu matwi nawe afatanya nako maze kw’italiki ya 23/04/1960 Umwami Kigeli V asubiza amashyaka agize Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu ko yanze gusinya biriya bari bamusabye no kubishyira mu bikorwa. Ishyaka rya UNAR ryahise rijya ku ruhande rwe, naho amashyaka yandi atatu ariyo PARMEHUTU, RADER na APROSOMA akora ihuriro cyangwa se impuzamashyaka yise Front Commun yandikira Umwami Kigeli V ko acanye umubano nawe kuko yanze gukiza u Rwanda, ko ibizaba azabaga akifasha.
Kuva taliki ya 26/06 kugeza taliki ya 30/7 ni bwo mu Rwanda habaye bwa mbere amatora mu nzego z’ibanze z’amakomini ahagagarikiwe n’Ababiligi, hatorwa ababurugumesitiri 229 n’abajyanama ba komini 2.896. Muri aba bose 83,8% bari PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA (amashyaka yari yiganjemo abahutu) naho 16,2% ari aba UNAR na RADER (amashyaka yari yiganjemo abatutsi). Hagati aho ariko, mu gihe ayo matora yarimo aba mu gihugu hose, Umwami Kigeli we, wari umaze gucana umubano n’amashyaka ku bushake bwe, taliki ya 26/7/1960 yagiye i Leopolville (Kinshasa) mu butumire bw’umunsi mukuru w’ubwigenge bw’igihugu cya Congo, nuko kuva ubwo ntiyongera kugaruka mu Rwanda.
Amatora amaze kurangira mu Rwanda hose, kw’italiki ya 26/10/1960 hashyizweho leta y’u Rwanda y’agateganyo, iyoborwa na Gerigori Kayibanda wabaye Minisitirui w’Intebe icyo gihe kuko ari we wari mw’ishyaka ryegukanye amajwi menshi kurusha andi mashyaka ari ryo Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu. Ubundi baricara bategereza ko Umwami Kigeli V agaruka baraheba.
Mu kwezi kwa mbere 1961, Minisitiri w’Intebe Gerigori Kayibanda amaze kubona ko igihugu kimaze kumara amezi atandatu nta mukuru w’Igihugu gifite kandi kiri mu ngorane no mw’ikorosi rikomeye mu mateka yacyo, yafashe icyemezo cyo kujya kureba umubiligi wari Resident Special w’u Rwanda Colonel BEM Rogiest, amubwira ko Umwami Kigeli V yatereranye igihugu n’abanyarwanda hakaba hashize amazi 6 agiye akanga kugaruka mu Rwanda, ko rero nka Minisitiri w’Intebe asabye u Bubiligi bwari bufite u Rwanda ho indagizo, uruhushya rwo gukoresha inama rusange y’abayobozi bari bamaze gutorwa mu gihugu cyose (ababurugumesitiri n’abajyanama b’amakomini) bakitoramo Umukuru w’Igihugu wo gusimbura Umwami Kigeli V wagitereranye.
Minisititi w’Intebe Gerigori Kayibanda ababiligi bamuhaye uruhushya rwo gukoresha inama idasanzwe, n’uko kw’italiki itazibagirana mu mateka y’u Rwanda ya 28/01/1961 ababurugumesitiri n’abajyanama ba komini bari bamaze gutorwa n’abaturage bateranira i Gitarama. Bamaze kugaragarizwa ibimenyetso simusiga byerekana ko Umwami Kigeli V yataye igihugu hakaba hashize amezi 6 atakikirangwamo, bemeje ko kuva uwo munsi Ubwami mu Rwanda buvuyeho, ko u Rwanda rubaye Repubulika, batora Perezida wa Repubulika w’agateganyo Nyakubahwa Mbonyumutwa Dominiko wo mw’ishyaka Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu, Gerigori Kayibanda akomeza kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe, ubundi impundu ziravuga mu Rwanda hose ko Umukuru w’Igihugu yabonetse.
Kuva ubwo kugeza ubu, Repubulika na Demokarasi mu Rwanda byahuye n’ingorane mu Rwanda zishingiye ku mahame y’ingoma ya Cyami yabaye nk’umuco muri politiki nyarwanda bitewe n’ imyaka amagana n’amabana ubwo butegetsi bwamaze maze imikorere yabwo igahinduka nk’umuco wa politiki nyarwanda bikazitira amahame ya Repubulika na Demokarasi, biyabuza gushyirwa mu bikorwa uko yakabaye kugeza ubungubu. Mu Rwanda nta muco wa Repubulika na demokarasi uhaba , haba umuco w’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu, ikinyoma , ivangurabwoko, urugomo,akarengane, kwigwizaho ibyiza by’igihugu n’ubwicanyi nkuko byarangaga ingoma ya Cyami nyarwanda kera. Indagagaciro za Repubulika na Demokarasi birazwi kw’isi yose ko iyo zishyizwe mu bikorwa uko zakabaye abantu bagira igihugu cyiza cyane kibereye abenegihugu bacyo bose. Ibi byarananiranye mu Rwanda kugeza uyu munsi wa none kubera ubutegetsi bubi bwagiye buhasimburana kuva ku ngoma ya Cyami ntutsi nyiginya ugaca muri Repubulika mputu zombi ukagera muri Repubulika ntutsi ya mbere iyobowe ubu na Perezida Kagame na FPR ye.
Niyo mpamvu Ishyaka Moderate Rwanda Party –ABASNGIZI ryateganije mu mahame-remezo yaryo ryatangaje ku ya 10/03/2013 ku rupapuro rwa 20 ingingo ya 4 rigira riti: “Gushyiraho Repubulika y’u Rwanda ya mbere y’abanyarwnda bose itari mputu(1961-1994) itari ntutsi(1994 kugeza ubu), no gushyiraho Itegeko nshinga ry’igihugu rishya, ibirangantego by’igihugu bishya, ibendera rishya ry’igihugu n’indirimbo nshya yubahiriza igihugu abanyarwanda bose bibonamo”. Turashaka ko u Rwanda ruba mugongo mugari uheka abana barwo bose nta n’umwe wigijweyo, ntawe ugaragiye undi, ntawe uherekeje undi, ntawaje kuvumba iwabo.
Bikorewe i Savannah muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika taliki ya 27/01/2015;
Dr. Gasana Anastase, perezida w’ishyaka PRM/MRP-ABASANGIZI;
Mr. Mukeshimana Isaac, Visi-Perezida ushinze ibya politiki;
Mr. Batungwanayo Janvier, Visi-Perezida ushinzwe ihuzabikorwa.
N.B.:Niba ufite icyo utubaza kuri ubu butumwa cyangwa se igitekerezo uduha, twandikire kuri email
