Abadepite mu nteko nshingamategeko y’u Rwanda bashyigikiye umushinga w’itegeko rivugurura ingengo y’imali y’u Rwanda y’uyu mwaka. Imwe mu mpamvu zateye iyi mpinduka ni ingaruka z’icyemezo cya bimwe mu bihugu bisanzwe bifasha u Rwanda byabaye bisubitse imfashanyo, nyuma y’aho impuguke za ONU zishinjiye u Rwanda gutera inkunga umutwe wa M23.
Mu rwego rwo gusobanukirwa kurushaho twitabaje impuguke mu by’ubukungu Bwana Peter Urayeneza tumubaza ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bijyanye iki gikorwa. Bwana Peter Urayeneza arasubiza ibibazo by’umunyamakuru wacu Marc Matabaro.
Bwana Peter Urayeneza, twabonye amakuru ko ingengo y’imali y’uyu mwaka igiye kuvugururwa, waba ufite amakuru arambuye kuri uwo mushinga w’itegeko?
Ibyo ni byo koko uwo mushinga wo kongera ingengo y’imari warakozwe ndetse wanagiweho impaka mu nteko imitwe yombi kandi waremejwe. Ingengo y’imari ya 2012/13 yaravuguruwe iva kuri miliyari 1385,3 igera kuri miliyari 1549,9 by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. Bigaragaza inyongera ya miliyari 164,6 b’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Ministre Rwangombwa yatangaje ko bagabanijeho amafaranga yagombaga kuzava mu baterankunga batizeye ko azaboneka, hari icyo wadusobanurira kuri aya mafaranga u Rwanda rutizeye ko ruzabona?
Ibi Minister Rwangombwa bitandukanye cyane n’ukuri kuriho ndetse nawe ubwe akaba yivuguruza mu gihe yatangazaga umushinga w’ingengo y’imari ku wa 21 Gicurasi 2012 imbere y’inteko zombi. Aha Rwangombwa yirengagije ingingo ikomeye cyane y’uko u Rwanda rukoresha cyane cyane amafaranga avuye hanze. Aha urugero umuntu yatanga ni uko muri Budget 2012-2013, agera kuri 50% bya Budget yose yagombaga kuva hanze ni ukuvuga inguzanyo zingana na Miliyari 134.4 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ndetse n’amafaranga yari kuzatangwa n’abaterankunga angana na miliyari 540.7 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. Aha rero umuntu yakwibaza ati:Ese niba bagabanyije amafaranga azava mu baterankunga batakizeye, ni iyihe mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye iriya Budget yiyongera? Haba se hari umugambi wo kongera inguzanyo yaba imbere cyangwa hanze y’igihugu?
Ese iki cyemezo si ikimenyetso cy’uko Leta y’u Rwanda yananiwe kumvisha amahanga ko ntaho ihuriye n’ibibera muri Congo ngo isubirane imfashanyo bityo igakurayo amaso?
Ibi ngibi mu byukuri ni ukuyobya uburari ku banyarwanda bose utaretse n’amahanga. Gusa nabyo uko bigaragara ni ukurushywa n’ubusa kuko ubu ibimenyetso by’ingaruka mbi zatewe n’igaharikwa ry’ariya mafaranga y’abaterankunga rigaragarira buri wese. Gusa kubyerekeranye na Congo byo ndumva Leta ya Kigali yananiwe kubisobanura mu buryo bwose kuko raporo ya nyuma yasohowe n’impuguke (group of experts) ndetse yemezwa na LONI. Ubwo rero niba bimeze gutyo nta mpamvu amahanga yakomeza gutanga imfashanyo (direct aid) zo guhungabanya abandi kandi zari zatangiwe gufasha abaturage. Gusa umuntu yakongeraho aka kantu kamwe gusa. Ikigaragara cyo ni uko iyongezwa ry’iriya Budget rihishe byinshi, birimo kwerekana ndetse no gusobanura ko Ka Gaciro Development Fund (AgDF) kazakora, kwereka amahanga ko ubukungu bw’igihugu budahungabana n’ubwo u Rwanda rutungwa agatoki mu ntambara ziri kubera mu karere, ndetse n’ibindi bindi….
Ese aya mafaranga yagabanyijwe ku ngengo y’imali mu bice bimwe na bimwe nta ngaruka nini bishobora gutera mu buzima bw’igihugu n’ubwo ingengo y’imali muri rusange yiyongereye?
Murakoze cyane kubaza iki kibazo cyiza cyane ariko mu by’ukuri mbere yo kubanza kugisubiza reka tubanze dukore analysis ya Budget y’ u Rwanda. Ingengo y’imari isanzwe (recurrent budget) ingana na miliyari 726 naho budget y’iterambere (development budget) ikaba ingana na miliyari 682,4 aho ibikorwa remezo bifata miliyari miliyari 361,2 ndetse n’ubuhinzi bufata miliyari 321,2. Muri iyi budget imfashanyo zari ziteganyijwe ko zizava mu mahanga zingana na miliyari 540,7. Dushingiye kuri iyi mibare yatangajwe na Minister Rwangombwa rero usanga nibura hari igice kimwe cya Budget hafi ya cyose (recurrent or development budget) cyijya guterwa inkunga n’abaterankunga.
Ni muri urwo rwego, ingaruka mbi zitabura kandi zirahari ziragaragara. Dore ingero nyinshi zitandukanye: ngirango twese tuzi ko Leta y’u Rwanda yari umukoresha wa mbere ku isoko ry’umurimo imbere, ariko ubu ngirango mwese muzi ko Leta yahagaritse gutanga akazi kugeza mu kwezi kwa gatandatu 2013. Ubwo ni ukuvuga ko abadafite akazi baziyongera (unemployment rate /Taux de chômage) baziyongera muri aya mezi ni ubwo n’ubundi iki cyari ikibazo cy’ingorabahizi mu Rwanda. Mu rwego rw’ubuzima naho ntabwo hasigaye hatagezweho ni izo ngaruka kuko kugeza ubu mu bitaro byinshi byo mu Rwanda ntabwo abaturage bari kubona imiti nkuko byari bisanzwe, aho imishinga myinshi inyuranye irangirije ibikorwa byayo yakorera muri Minisiteri y’Ubuzima. Igabanyuka ry’inguzanyo mu mabanki imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’itakara ry’agaciro k’ifaranga ry’igihugu imbere y’amadorali, ndetse n’ibindi.
Ariko wenda umuntu agarutse ku rugero rwa mbere rwatanzwe haruguru, umuntu yabaza ikibazo Minister Rwangombwa niba mu by’ukuri azi ingaruka z’ubushomeri (unmployement) ku masoko ry’ibintu ndetse n’Imari (the direct impact of unemployment rate on market of goods and financial market)!!!!
Kuki Leta y’u Rwanda ititabaje cya kigega kiswe agaciro mu kuziba kiriya cyuho, igahitamo kugabanya ingengo y’imali?
Murakoze Munyamakuru kuri iki kibazo. Nkuko nabivuze haruguru ubu kugirango ikigega agaciro kibashe gucungura ziraya mfashanyo u Rwanda rwabonaga birasa naho ari inzozi zikabije cyane. Reka wenda ibi tubyerekane twifashije urugero rw’imibare. Kugeza ubu mu kigega agaciro ntabwo harashyikamo amafaranga agera kuri miliyari 50 z’amanyarwanda. Ayo mafaranga ni kimwe cya cumi (1/10) cy’amafaranga abaterankunga bagombaga gushyira mu ngengo y’Imari y’igihugu muri uyu mwaka wa 2012-2013. Ibi bishatse kuvuga ko bisaba nibura kurundanya amafaranga muri AgDF nibura mu myaka icumu kugirango Leta ishobore kuziba icyo cyuho cy’inkunga ziva hanze. Ubwo ni umwaka utaha nibikomeza gutyo bizamera gute? So, ikigega Agaciro ni uguhuma abaturage amaso kandi ubanyunyuza uduke twabo bari bifitiye ariko mu by’ukuri ntacyo kizageraho gifatika cyane.
Iyi gahunda byatangajwe ko izatuma hagira imishahara y’abakozi ba Leta igabanuka kugira ngo leta izibe iki cyuho, ibyo byo biteye bite? Ese nta handi hashobora kuva amafaranga?
Nibyo hari gahunda yo kugabanya nibura amafaranga yatangagwaga mu mishahara nibura kugera kugera kuri 40% by’ayatangwaga. Ibi bishatse kuvuga ko byakorwa mu nzira ebyiri: kugabanya umubare w’abakozi cyangwa se kugabanya imishara ndetse n’ibyagendaga ku bayobozi bakuru bose. Gusa umuntu ashingiye ku ibaruwa ya minisiteri y’abakozi ba Leta (MIFOTRA) yandikiye ibigo byose ndetse na Minisiteri zose, biragaragara y’uko uburyo bwa mbere aribwo buzakoreshwa hakagabanywa umubare w’abakozi hagendewe kuri reform igiye gukorwa kuko ubu na commission ishinzwe iryo vugururwa yarangije gushyirwaho muri MIFOTRA. Ahandi hashobora kuva amafaranga asimbura iy’inkunga n’inguzanyo haba imbere cyangwa hanze nko muri Banki y’isi ndetse n’izindi banki. Ariko iyi option nayo ifite imbogamizi ikomeye cyane kuko burya buri gihugu kigira amafaranga kitagomba kurenza nk’umwenda muri Banki y’isi, kuko inguzanyo zose uzihabwa hashingiwe kuri economy yawe, ndetse n’ibyo nawe washyizemo, n’ibindi bindi….. Muri make, Leta uyu munsi iri mu ikoni rigoranye gukata ariko na none umuntu akibaza niba umuminisitiri ushinzwe imari nka Rwangombwa niba koko azafasha mu kurikata mu rwego rw’ubukungu.
Ministre Rwangombwa yatangaje ko ibyemezo byo guhagarika imfashanyo ntacyo byahungabanije ubukungu bw’igihugu muri rusange ngo ndetse ubukungu bwazamutseho hejuru y’ibice 8% mu mwaka ushize ndetse ngo uyu mwaka buzazamukaho 7,1%, ese ibi bifite ishingiro?
Murakoze cyane munyamakuru gusa birasekeje cyane rwose. None se niba nta ngaruka zihari ejo bundi mu kwezi kwa cumi n’abiri umwaka wa 2012 yivugiraga iki? Cyangwa se kuko Izo nkunga niba ntacyo zimaze kuki ziri kwirwa zivugisha menshi Perezida Kagame Paul aho anyuze hose cyangwa aho yicaye hose? Ahubwo rero reka tunagendere ku mibare mutanze mu mibare mutanganze hejuru mu kibazo. Nyine ubukungu uyu mwaka buteganyijwe kuba bwagabanyukaho 0,9%. Nonese ugirango ako ni gake muri economy y’igihugu? Reka da!!!! Ikindi rero gisekeje ni uburyo Rwangombwa atanga imibare ye!!! Iriya Growth rate y’umusaruro (Gross Domestic Product) yabayeho igihugu kigifite inkunga z’amahanga. Ubu rero sinanze ko iyo growth rate ya 7.1% izabaho, ahubwo ndabona igikwiye yari akwiye kuba atwereka uburyo igihugu kizagaruza ziriya miliyari z’inkunga kugirango iyo ntego yo kongera umusaruro kugera hariya bigerweho.
Iki cyemezo se tuvuge ko ari cyo cya nyuma cyangwa hashobora kubaho ibindi byemezo bigamije kuziba icyuho?
Kugeza ubu ibyemezo biriho ni ugushyiraho kiriya kigega agaciro, kuguza hanze amafaranga ndetse no kugabanya umubare w’amafaranga yatangwaga ku bakozi, ni ukuvuga reform iteganywa vuba aha. Ariko kugeza ubu nta yindi ngamba iramenyekana ngo itangarizwe abanyarwanda dore ko nabo basigaye baragowe. Ariko rero wenda hari igihe FPR izadohora ikaguriza leta kuko iyirusha amafaranga kure.
Hari gahunda ya Leta y’u Rwanda ngo yo ”KWIGIRA” ngo hagashyirwa imbere gahunda yo gukora ku buryo u Rwanda rwareka gutegereza inkunga y’amahanga, ese iyi gahunda irashoboka?
Iyi gahunda yo kwigira ni imwe na ziriya zo gushyiraho Ikigega Agaciro Development Fund (AgDF). Ariko nk’uko nabisobanuye haruguru, iyo gahunda yo “KWIGIRA” nayo irasekeje cyane. Erega mugenzi sinayo yonyine yashyizweho, hariho kuremera ngo abatishoboye, ndetse n’izindi ariko mu by’ukuri zidafite ingaruka nziza igaragarira buri wese. Gusa nakumenyesha ko nta gahunda n’imwe nk’iyo ishyirwaho hatagamijwe guhisha ikindi kintu kibi gihari.
Mu gusoza watubwira muri make uko ubukungu buhagaze muri iyi minsi, ifaranga ry’u Rwanda rihagaze gute? Ibiciro ku masoko bimeze bite?
Muri iki gihe nakumenyesha ko umuntu atakwihandagaza ngo avuge ngo ubukungu bw’ U Rwanda bumeze neza cyangwa nabi cyane. Ubukungu ubu kw’isi ntabwo bumeze neza, ni n’imwe mu mpamvu zituma n’ubukunu bw’u Rwanda rutameze neza. Ku rundi ruhande u Rwanda rufite ubukungu bugana ahatari heza kubera impamvu mwese muzi z’ihagarikirwa imfashanyo.
Ku byerekeranye n’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda, byo ikigaragara ni uko ifaranga ry’u Rwanda riri guta agaciro umunsi ku wundi imbere y’idorali ry’abanyamerika ndetse n’andi mafaranga y’ibihugu bifite ingufu mu bukungu bw’isi nka Euro, Yen, Yuan, ndetse n’andi. Urugero wareba kuri hano kuri website ya banki nkuru y’ Rwanda (BNR), ibi rero bigira ingaruka ikomeye cyane ku gihugu nk’u Rwanda gifite commercial balance ihora iri negative cyane. Ni ukuvuga ko ibyo rutumiza hanze (imports) biruhenda cyane kubera ako guta agaciro (depreciation) k’ifaranga ry’igihugu. Iyo bikomeje rero bikamara igihe kirekire, havuka ikitwa dollarization nkuko tubisanga mu bihugu nka Zimbabwe ndetse na RD Congo aho usanga abaturage batakizeye ifaranga ryabo, bakajya bitungira kandi bakanakoresha amadorali y’amanyamerika mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
Ku byerekeranye n’ibiciro ku isoko, byo ngirango hari byinshi byazamutse cyane. Ingero nyinshi zirahari, ibiciro by’ingufu (energy and water) byarazamutse, ibiciro by’ibiribwa nabyo ni uko byarazamutse.
Ubwanditsi
Abaye Guverineri wa BNR asimbuwe na Gatete.