Patriotisme ni ijambo ry’igifaransa rivuga gukunda, guharanira no kwitangira igihugu cyawe cyangw ubutaka bw abasekuruza bawe; kugeza naho ubumeneye amaraso bibaye ngombwa.
Ethniotisme iryo jambo ntiribaho mururimi rw’igifaransa. Muri make ni iryo nahimbiyaho kugirango ridufashe gusobanukirwa.Ngerageje kurisobanura navuga ko ari gukunda, guharanira cyangwa kwitangira ubwoko bwawe; kugeza naho ubumeneye amaraso bibaye ngombwa.
Mu Rwanda, twaba dushyira imbere patriotisme cyangwa dushyira imbere ethniotisme?
Mubihugu byagiye bigira intambara cyane cyane nk’iburaya. Patriotisme yagiye igaragara cyane cyane iyo igihugu cyabaga gitewe n’ikindi cyangwa n’ibindi bihugu; noneho abaturage b’icyo gihugu cyane cyane abasore bagafata intwaro, bakarwanira igihugu cyabo bivuye inyuma, kugeza nubwo bakimeneye amaraso iyo bibaye ngombwa.
Mu Rwanda ndareba ngasanga aho ibihugu bibereyeho muri Afurika uko tubizi ubu, ntagihugu cyamahanga cyateye urwanda kuburyo bweruye (usibye Uganda yafashije inkotanyi) kuburyo byari kuba ngombwa ko abanyarwanda berekana patriotisme barengera igihugu cyabo.
Ibyo rero bituma nvuga ko nta bikorwa bya Patriotisme byagiye biranga abanyarwanda. Ahubwo hagiye haba ibikorwa bya Ethniotisme, aribyo bivuze gukunda ubwoko bwawe, kuburwanirira, kubwitangira no kubumenera amaraso igihe bibaye ngombwa.
Revolution y’abahutu yo muri 59 twayita patriotisme cyangwa yari ethniotisme? Nubwo abahutu bari bagamije revolution ibageza kumitegekere y’igihugu ; ndareba ngasanga imbaraga zabasunikaga ari ethniotisme kuruta patriotisme.
Abanyarwanda nyuma ya revolisiyo yo muri 59 bashyizeho Leta ariko ntabwo bashoboye kugera kurugero rwo gukora (créer) une patrie. Ibyo bigaragarira aho FPR inkotanyi yateye igihugu muli 1990, ugasanga abanyarwanda bari mugihugu, aho kugira ngo bunve ko bafite une patrie, ko igihugu cyatewe, bahagurukire hamwe barwanye uwaruteye igihugu cyabo, ahubwo bahise bibona mumoko, bamwe bashyigikira ubutegetsi bwariho bavugaga ngo nubw’Abahutu (ndetse hakaba n’abavugaga ngo n’ubwabakiga), abandi bashyigikira inkotanyi zaje zitera igihugu. Aha rero bikagaragara ko Ethniotisme (gukunda, guharanira no kwitangira ubwoko) by’ abanyarwanda byarushije imbaraga Patriotisme (gukunda, guharanira no kwitangira igihugu).
FPR itera urwanda muri 90, ese babitewe na Patriotisme (gukunda, guharanira no kwitangira igihugu) cyangwa babitewe na Ethniotisme (gukunda no kwitangira ubwoko bw’abatutsi)?
Iyo usesenguye, usanga ibitero bya FPR byari bishingiye kuri Ethniotisme (gukunda, guharanira no kwitangira ubwoko bw’abatutsi) kurusha Patriotisme (gukunda, guharanira no kwitangira inyungu z’igihugu). Dore impanvu zimwe twatanga zishimangira ibyo twemeza:
- Ingabo n’abateye u Rwanda muri 90 bari bagizwe n’abatutsi;
- Abagiye mu ngabo za FPR bavuye mu bwoko bw’abatutsi aho buri hose kw isi cyane mubihugu bikikije u Rwanda (Congo, Burundi, Tanzaniya, Uganda ndetse na Kenya);
- Ingabo za FPR zaje zica umuhutu wese zihuye nawe, yaba ari umusirikari, yaba ari umu sivile, yaba ari uruhinja cyangwa yaba ari umukambwe cyangwa umukecuru;
- Aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi, yashishikajwe cyane cyane no guhora kuruta kubaka ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda bwari bumaze gukomereka;
- Aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi, yahise yegezayo abahutu bari barayibeshyeho bibwira ko irangwa na Patriotisme (gukunda, guharanira no kwitangira igihugu) kandi mubyukuri ahubwo irangwa na Ethniotisme (gukunda, guharanira no kwitangira ubwoko bw’abatutsi). Abo begejweyo, bamwe bikabaviramo kwicwa ni nka: Seth Sendashonga, Kanyarengwe, Lizinde, Pasteur Bizimungu, Majyambere Silas, n’abandi n’abandi benshi;
- Aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi, yahise ibohoza imitungo y’abahutu bahunze, ititaye ko ari ubwambuzi bugaragara cyangwa ko banyiribyo bintu bashobora kugaruka mugihugu;
- Aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi, ama sosiyete ya Leta yariho yagiye iyahindura ama sosiyete yubucuruzi yigenda agizwe n’abayobozi bakuru bo muri FPR;
- Aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi, abahutu bari mukazi mumyanya inyuranye, hagiye hakorwa ibishoboka byose ngo vuba na bwangu bave mumyanya yabo y’akazi, basimburwa n’abatutsi cyane cyane abavuye i Bugande, ariko n’i Burundi no muri Congo n’ahandi;
- Aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi ntabwo yigeze ishishikazwa no gushyiraho igisirikare abanyarwanda bose bibonamo ahubwo ingabo za FPR nizo zahise ziba ingabo z’igihugu;
- Aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi, abapfakazi n’ imfubyi z’abacitse kw icumu rya genocide zamenyekanye, kandi zafashijwe ni abapfakazi n’ imfubyi z’abatutsi gusa;
- Aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi, inzibutso z’abazize genocide ni inzibutso z’abatutsi gusa kandi umubare w’abahutu wapfuye muri genocide ukubye kabiri umubare w’abatutsi;
- Genocide bahisemo kuyita iyakorewe abatutsi gusa kandi n’abahutu barayikorewe.
- Kubera ko nta patriotisme yigeze ibaranga cyangwa ibaranga, mubyukuri ubirebye Front Patriotique Rwandais (FPR) yagombye kwitwa: Front Ethniotique Tutsi (FET).
Ubu se byifashe bite?
Aho bitangiye kugaragarira ko FPR idashishikajwe no guharanira inyungu z’abaturarwanda bose, abareba kure b’abatutsi bamwe bo muriyo, bakuyemo akabo karenge, ndetse n’abahutu bari bayirimo batangira kuyamagana.
Ubu bimeze bite? Abarwanira ihinduka ry’ubutegetsi muri ikigihe, baba basunikwa na Patriotisme (gukunda, guharanira no kwitangira igihugu) cyangwa baba basunikwa na Ethniotisme (gukunda, guharanira no kwitangira ubwoko bwabo)?
Buri munya politiki yagombye kwisuzuma mumutima we agasubiza icyo kibazo. Umuntu yakwibaza ati: Ariko se ubundi guharanira inyungu z’ubwoko wibonamo, hari ikibi kirimo?
Narabivuze nzakomeza no kubivuga: kwirwanaho, kwanga akarengane, guharanira no kurengera inyungu z’ubwoko wibonamo, ntakibi kirimo. Ntawe byagombye gotera ipfunwe. Ntabwo byagombye no gufatwa nk’amacakubiri, cyangwa ingengabitekerezo ikurura inzangano mu moko y’abanyarwanda. Ibiriho bigomba kuvugwa; ibyiza bigashimwa, ibibi bikamaganwa kandi bikarwanywa.
Ntabwo kwamagana akarengane ubutegetsi bukorera bamwe mubana b’u Rwanda bwitwaje ubwoko ubwaribwo bwose bihabanye no kurwanira demukarasi. Icyingenzi nuko bikorwa muburyo bugaragara (transparence) kandi bigakorwa, ababikora bataryamira cyangwa ngo batsikamire uburenganzira n’inyungu z’abo badahuje ubwoko.
Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, amoko yombi, Abahutu, Abatutsi (n’abatwa tutabibagiwe) yagombye kubyunvikanaho, agashyiraho inzego z’ubutegetsi zifite ingufu zirengera inyungu z’abanyarwanda bose kandi cyane cyane zubahiriza uburenganzira bw ikiremwa muntu. Nkuko Kizito yabivuze turi abantu mbere yuko tuba abatutsi cyangwa abahutu. Hari rero ubuntu buduhuje tugomba kubahiriza, uko byagenda kose.
Ubirebye ntabwo abahutu n’abatutsi baricara hamwe ngo bavuge ibibazo byabo, babyunvikaneho, noneho bashyireho ubutegetsi bubabereye kandi burengera inyungu zabo bose. Kuva ibyo bitaraba, hazakomeza kuba intambara, imyiryane n’urwikekwe mubana b’u Rwanda.
Jotham Rwamiheto
Montréal, Canada
Impirimbanyi ya Demukarasi: Imbunda yanjye ni ikaramu, amasasu yanjye ni ibitekerezo.
