Igihugu cyacu kigeze mu ikoni rikomeye ry’amayira abiri,aho buri Munyarwanda wese agomba kugaragaza aho ahagaze, agakora igifite akamaro kugira ngo abuze ibihe bibi kugwira igihugu cyacu.
Nk’uko mubizi mwese, umwaka wa 2017 ni umwaka utegerejwe n’amatsiko menshi kubera ibikorwa bikomeye biwuteganyijemo. Koko rero ni muri uwo mwaka hazaba amatora ya Perezida wa Repubulika n’andi matora, ni umwaka rero uteye amatsiko ku rwego rwa politiki y’igihugu cyacu. Aya matsiko akaba ashingiye cyane kuri ibi bikurikira;
1. Kugeza ubu Ishyaka rimaze gutangaza uzarihagararira muri aya matora ni rimwe, Ishema Party ryatanze Padiri Thomas Nahimana ho umukandida ku mwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika, nubwo ritaremerwa mu mashyaka yo mu Rwanda, rikaba rigikorera mu buhungiro, ariko rikaba riteganya kuba ryasesekaye mu Rwanda ku ya 28 Mutarama 2016;
2. Ntawakwirengagiza ko no mu yandi mashyaka akorera hanze bafite icyo gitekerezo ariko bakaba bategereje ngo barebe aho ibintu bigana.
3. Mu Rwanda imbere si ko bimeze: amashyaka yitwa ko yemewe, na yo agabanyijemo ibice bibiri, kuko hari ayemeza ko atavuga rumwe n’Ubutegetsi (Green Party ya Frank Habineza , na PS Imberakuri ya Me Bernard Ntaganda; n’ayandi yose aterura ngo avuge ko arwanya ubutegetsi akaba akorera mu kwaha kwa FPR). Aya mashyaka yose nta na rimwe ryari ryagira umukandida rishyira mu majwi, ibiri amambu wumva amwe yaratangiye gushyigikira umukandida wa FPR nk’uko bisanzwe iteka- Amina. Ayo ni PDI ya Musa Fazili, PPC ya Mukabaramba Alvera, za Pl, za PSD… atajya na rimwe yiyizera ngo aharanire ubutegetsi, yose agategereza ko FPR iyasagurira utwanya. Ibi ariko bikaba byumvikana kuko aya mashyaka nta bayoboke agira ku nzego z’ibanze, abitwa ko bayagize babarizwa mu mujyi wa Kigali cyane cyane na bake baboneka mu yindi, mbese nta bayoboke b’intango agira.
4. Ishyaka cyangwa Umuryango nk’uko biyita ryo riri mu mahurizo akomeye. Umukandinda waryo, Perezida Paul Kagame,ngo ridashobora gusimbura kuko ngo ari indashyikirwa, ntashobora kwiyamamaza, kubera urukuta rw’amategeko.
Koko rero ingingo ya 101 y’Itegeko Nshinga ntimuha ubwinyagamburiro na bumwe bwo kongera kwiyamamaza ngo ayobore u Rwanda. Nubwo abambari be bagerageza kuvugisha abaturage aya Ndongo, bazi ko ari uguhomera iyonkeje, ko nta Munyarwanda cyangwa umunyamahanga n’umwe wemera ko Itegeko Nshinga rihonyorwa ku mpamvu z’umuntu umwe ushaka kugundira ubutegetsi. Hariho abavuga ko ni iyo yashobora guhindura u Rwanda rukaba inyanja ya peteroli, imisozi n’ibirunga akabihinduramo ibirundo bya zahabu, za Pariki n’amashyamba akabihinduramo ubundi busitani bwa Edeni, nta kizemeza ko ubuhangange bwamuha uburenganzira bwo guhindura Itegeko Nshinga, kuko ridakozwe mu bitaka no mu mazi, ko ahubwo ari impumeko y’abanyarwanda bashaka kurema Repubulika nshyashya. Nubwo bwose iri tegeko nshinga dufite ubu ryanditse ku buryo risa nk’umwenda wari wadodewe Perezida Paul Kagame, ariko nta na hamwe ryigeze riteganya ko naryoherwa n’ubutegetsi rizamuha icyanzu
akakinyuramo akaryica. Ingingo ya 101 yaryo ni cyo ivuga, iyo imwibutsa ko “ nta na rimwe…{EN AUCUN CAS…UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES…” Perezida yemerewe gutorerwa manda zirenze ebyiri.
Ingingo ya 101:
Perezida wa Repubulika atorerwa manda y’imyaka irindwi. Ashobora kongera gutorwa inshuro imwe.
Nta na rimwe umuntu yemererwa gutorerwa manda zirenze ebyiri (2) ku mwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika.
Article 101:
The President of the Republic is elected for a term of seven years renewable only once.
Under no circumstances shall a person hold the office of President of Republic for more than two (2) terms.
Article 101:
Le Président de la République est élu pour un mandat de sept ans renouvelable une seule fois.
En aucun cas, nul ne peut exercer plus de deux (2) mandats présidentiels.
Iyi ngingo ni ingingo ntayegayezwa. Irebere uko yanditse : ngufi, nziza, yemeza, ica iteka, ihakana yivuye inyuma mbese ivana inzira ku murima. Maze ngo Evode Uwizeyimana yayifungura, azafungura n’akadafungurwa.
Bamwe birirwa bamushuka ngo bamuboneye urufunguzo rwo gufungura ingingo ya 101, ngo bishingikirije ingingo ya 193, aba yari akwiye kubirinda akabagendera kure, kuko barasa n’abashyira mu bikorwa ya nteruro ya Jean de La Fontaine dusanga muri ”Le Corbeau et le Renard” aho uyu muhanga w’Umufaransa avuga ati ” Apprenez que tout flatteur vit aux dépens de celui qui l’écoute” (Learn that every flatterer lives at the expense of the one who listens to him” cyangwa mu Kinyarwanda ngo “Mumenye ko umushyendanyi arira ku mutega amatwi”, aba bose bavuga ibi ni abashaka gukomeza kumuriraho, babona ko yegamye akabo kaba gashobotse, kuko iyi ngingo ya 193 ntaho itumvikana, ntaho ifite urufunguzo Me Uwizeyimana Evode yabeshye abanyarwanda n’abemera gato mu kiganiro Sobanukirwa cya TVR.
Dore iyo ngingo ya 193 ngo ishobora gufungura ingingo ya 101 ra !
Ingingo ya 193 :
Ububasha bwo gutangiza ivugurura ry’Itegeko Nshinga bufitwe na Perezida wa Repubulika bimaze kwemezwa n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri; bufitwe kandi na buri Mutwe w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko binyuze mu itora ku bwiganze bwa bibiri bya gatatu (2/3) by’amajwi y’abawugize.
Ivugururwa ryemezwa ritowe ku bwiganze bwa bitatu bya kane (3/4) by’amajwi y’abagize buri mutwe w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko.
Ariko iyo iryo vugururwa ryerekeye manda ya Perezida wa Repubulika, ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi ishingiye ku bitekerezo binyuranye cyangwa ku bwoko bw’ubutegetsi buteganyijwe n’iri Tegeko Nshinga cyane cyane ku butegetsi bwa Leta bushingiye kuri Repubulika n’ubusugire bw’Igihugu, rigomba kwemezwa na referendumu, rimaze gutorwa na buri Mutwe w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko
Article 193:
The power to initiate amendment of the Constitution shall be vested concurrently in the President of the Republic upon the proposal of the Cabinet and each Chamber of Parliament upon a resolution passed by a two thirds (2/3) majority vote of its members.
The passage of a constitutional amendment requires a three quarters (3/4) majority vote of the members of each chamber of Parliament.
However, if the constitutional amendment concerns the term of the President of the Republic or the system of democratic government based on political pluralism, or the constitutional regime established by this Constitution especially the republican form of the government or national sovereignty, the amendment must be passed by referendum, after adoption by each Chamber of Parliament.
Article 193:
L’initiative de la révision de la Constitution appartient concurremment au Président de la République après délibération du Conseil des Ministres et à chaque Chambre du Parlement sur vote à la majorité des deux tiers (2/3) de ses membres.
La révision n’est acquise que par un vote à la majorité des trois quarts (3/4) des membres qui composent chaque Chambre du Parlement.
Toutefois, lorsque la révision porte sur le mandat du Président de la République, sur la démocratie pluraliste ou sur la nature du régime constitutionnel notamment la forme républicaine de l’Etat et l’intégrité du territoire national, elle doit être approuvée par référendum, après son adoption par chaque Chambre.
Iyo muri iyi ngingo ya 193, havuzwe gutya ngo: “Ariko iyo iryo vugururwa ryerekeye manda YA Perezida wa Repubulika; However, if the constitutional amendment concerns THE term of the President of the Republic; Toutefois, lorsque la révision porte sur LE mandat du Président de la République…” hose muri izi ndimi manda iri mu bumwe, ni ukuvuga ko bireba gusa umubare w’ imyaka yo muri manda, bitareba umubare wa za manda kuko mu ngingo ya 101 byaciweho iteka. Aha ni ukwigiza nkana gushaka kubiha indi nsobanuro inyuranye n’icyo iyi ngingo ivuga ngo ngaho barashaka urufunguzo rufungura 101. Ibi byiyongeraho impamvu yatumye imyaka ya manda iva kuri itanu(5) ikajya kuri irindwi (7), nk’uko Tito Rutaremara yabisobanuye igihe, na Komisiyo yari ayoboye, yanyuraga imbere y’abanyarwanda b’ingeri zose. Si nyuma y’imyaka 14 ndetse inarenga Perezida Paul Kagame avumbuye ko ari igitangaza, maze akiha uburenganzira bwo kwica Itegeko Nshinga.
Kuvuga ko Perezida Paul Kagame ari igitangaza, ko yayoboye u Rwanda ku buryo buhebuje si igikorwa cyo gutangarira, none se yagombaga kuyobora gute? nabi? None se abayoboye neza babahemba kwica amategeko? Niba koko yarayoboye neza yigiriye neza, agirira neza abanyarwanda kandi anagirira neza Ishyaka rye rizabishimirwa mu matora ataha. We niyihangane yegame kubera ko yabyivugiye inshuro nyinshi ko atazigera ahirahira ngo yice amategeko. Igihe kirageze ngo Ishyaka ryamutanzeho umukandida ritange undi, kereka niba ari nkene ku buryo ritabona undi wahangana mu matora! Ibyo na cyo cyaba ari ikibazo umuntu yakwibaza, yibaza kandi aho abandi baba baragiye.
Mu gihe tukivuga kuri aya matora, hari ababona ko Perezida Paul Kagame ashobora gutangaza abantu, agaha ishyaka rye uwamusimbura, washobora guhatana mu matora ya 2017. Ibi birashoboka kuko muri iri shyaka si abantu bashoboye babuze, ahubwo ikigaragara ni igitugu kiririmo, kidatuma hagira uwatinyuka kwiyamamaza atabiherewe uruhusa na Perezida wa FPR, ari na we Perezida wa Repubulika, Paul Kagame. Ariko rero ashobora koko gutungura abantu ashyira imbere nk’umugore we, umuhungu we, mubyara we Bernard Makuza, cyangwa undi wese ashobora gutegekeramo nk’uko Poutine yabigenje mu Burusiya, ateganya kugaruka ku butegetsi.
Ibi nta we ubyanze igihe cyose uwo iryo shyaka rye ryashyira imbere yakwiyemeza guhangana n’abandi bakandida baturuka mu yandi mashyaka, cyangwa biyamamaza ku giti cyabo, mu buryo bungana bwateganywa n’amategeko. Ubwo buryo mvuga buroroshye kugerwaho: kwemera ayandi mashyaka akorera hanze ko yaza mu Gihugu akamurika gahunda yayo ateganyirije abaturage nta mananiza ayari yose; kuvugurura Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ishinzwe amatora, buri shyaka ryose rikayihagararirwamo, ikareka kuba akarima ka Leta cyangwa aka FPR; guha amahirwe angana amashyaka yose, agahabwa igihe kingana mu bitangazamakuru bya Leta, kuri Radio no kuri Televiziyo; kureka amashyaka agakoresha ibinyamakuru byayo biyamamaza; guha amashyaka yose amafaranga angana ngo abashe kugera ku Banyarwanda bose kuko ayo mafaranga aturuka mu misoro y’abanyarwanda bose; ariko cyane cyane kureka amashyaka akamanuka agasanga abaturage ngo bamenyeshwe gahunda zinyuranye maze bazihitiremo bazi uwo batoye.
Ikindi kigomba gukorwa ni uguha abakandida baba bemejwe igihe cyo kujya impaka kuri za Televiziyo ngo berekane koko ko nibatorwa bazashyira mu bikorwa ibyo bemeye, kuko ububiko bwa Televiziyo buzabibibutsa kandi bigaha n’abasesenguzi kumenya umukandida ufite imigambi yuzuye ubushishozi.
Reka turangize tugira icyo tuvuga ku bakandida kuri aya matora: abanyarwanda bakeneye abagabo n’abagore b’inyangamugayo, bashyira imbere amahoro n’iterambere by’abanyarwanda; badafite ubwoba ngo bikange ibibi bakoze bishobora kubagira ingwate z’ubutegetsi, na bo bakabugira akarima kabo kubera gutinya kuryozwa ayo mabi bakoze.
Mu kiganiro CIRI-Vepelex yagiranye na Bwana Joseph Sebarenzi Kabuye, wigeze kuyobora Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda (1998-2000), umunyamakuru Ismail Mbonigaba n’abagize CIRI-Vepelex: Manege Victor Gakoko, François Munyabagisha, kimwe na Ismail batuye muri Canada; bari kumwe kandi na Emmanuel Senga utuye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika hamwe n’Umunyamategeko Me Innocent Twagiramungu utuye mu Bubiligi, umutumirwa mukuru Bwana Joseph Sebarenzi Kabuye yagarutse ku cyagombye kuranga umuyobozi nyawe, yerekanye ko ubwiza bwe bukubiye mu ijambo rimwe kuba inyangamugayo. Mu kungurana ibitekerezo n’abandi batumirwa, ikiganiro cyagerageje kugaragaza ibihe u Rwanda rurimo, ibishobora kwitegwa mu minsi itaha n’icyo ibibera mu gihugu duturanye cy’u Burundi byatera u Rwanda nk’ingaruka.
Mbararikiye gukurikira iki kiganiro :Ikibazo gikomereye u Rwanda ni icy’uko nta bategetsi b’inyangamugayo dufite”… Ikiganiro na Joseph Sebarenzi
Sinarangiza ntagize icyo mvuga ku myigaragambyo ibera mu Burundi. Impamvu iyitera ni imwe nk’iyo twunguranaho ibitekerezo muri iyi nyandiko. Ikibazo ni ukumenya niba Perezida Pierre Nkurunziza atarekeraho, ntiyiyamamaze mu kwa gatandatu gutaha. Abigize yaba agarukanye ubupfura nubwo gushaka kugundira kwe byatanze ibitambo. Nk’uko ibibera i Burundi bigira ingaruka ku Rwanda, turakomeza kwizera ko Perezida Paul Kagame we atazigera agerageza gukinisha abaturage, kuko nubwo yibeshya ko abanyarwanda bayoborwa butama bakemera, ashobora gutungurwa n’impinduka adateganya uko yazisohokamo. Abaturage, ariko cyane urubyiruko,barambiwe kugirwa ibikoresho, bakeneye ubundi buyobozi. Nakomeze rero yumve impanuro zitamubeshya, maze azageze muri 2017 amaze guhitamo neza, ni ukuvuga guhitamo ibifitiye abaturage n’u Rwanda akamaro nk’uko yabirahiriye.
>Emmanuel Senga.
