ISHAKWE-RWANDA FREEDOM MOVEMENT
Nyakubahwa David R. Malpass
President
The World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433
USA
Nyakubahwa Kristalina Georgieva
Managing Director
International Monetary Fund,
1900 Pennsylvania Ave NW,
Washington, DC, 20431
USA
Nyakubahwa Akinwumi Adesina,
President
African Development Bank Group
Avenue Joseph Anoma
01 BP 1387 Abidjan 01
Côte d’Ivoire
17 Mata 2020
Ba Nyakubahwa,
Uguhomba kwa sosiyeti OneWeb ni intabaza ko n’umutungo wa Prezida Paul Kagame utunze ibirenze ibya Mirenge ku Ntenyo ugiye gupotera
Mu mwaka wa 1996, nahawe icyubahiro cyo guhagarira igihugu cyanjye ndi Ambasaderi wa mbere w’u Rwanda muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, hari nyuma y’intambara na jenoside yo muri 1994. Ubwo nasuraga ubwa mbere ibigo by’imari n’ubukungu bya Bretton Woods, nandikiye James Wolfensohn, Prezida wa Banki y’isi ku bukungu, musaba gufasha u Rwanda byimazeyo nk’uko byakorewe ibihugu byo mu Burayi ubwo byavaga mu Ntambara ya kabiri y’isi. Namubwiye ko, kubera ko ibihugu by’amahanga kw’isi byatereranye u Rwanda igihe rwari mu kaga gakomeye, ari inshingano ibyo bigo bifite yo kuvuna abanyarwanda kugira ngo bongere biyubake, bahembere ubuzima bwashengutse. Namwibukije ko mbere ya 1990, u Rwanda rwashyigikiwe, rugashimwa cyane na Banki y’isi ku bukungu n’Ikigega cy’isi cy’imari, ubwo rwitwaga intangarugero mu majyambere. Mu magambo ataziguye, nabwiye Prezida Wolfensohn ko ibigo byombi bicunga ubukungu n’imari y’isi, byakoze amakosa agaragara yashoye u Rwanda mu ntambara no muri jenoside.
Uwo mwaka, nagize none amahirwe yo gusinyana, mw’izina ry’u Rwanda, na nyakwigendera Callisto Nadavo wari visiprezida wa Banki y’isi ku bukungu, inkunga ya mbere yihutirwaga ya nyuma ya jenoside ya miliyoni 50 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Ndi mu bantu banditse ingamba ya mbere z’iyo Banki yo gushyigikira ibihugu byaje kwita “Intumbero 2020” mu Rwanda.
None imyaka 26 irashize, abanyarwanda bibuka umunsi ku munsi akaga kaguye kuri buri munyarwanda. Muri iyo myaka 26, Banki y’isi ku bukungu, na Banki y’Afurika y’amajyambere ni byo byabaye kw’isonga mu gushyigikira u Rwanda kuzahura ubukungu n’amajyambere. Turabishima igihe cyose izo nkunga zitagira umunyarwanda zihutaza cyangwa zitanga ibisubizo bihwitse ku bibazo bye.
Ubu rero nongeye kubandikira kugira ngo mbabwire ko u Rwanda ruri mu bibazo bikomeye kandi ko ibyo bigo muyobora bisa n’ibyiyita ba “Ntibindeba”. Nimudatsimbura ngo mugashye muhashye umuvumba bizitwa ko namwe muri ikibazo cy’u Rwanda, bikazanagira ingaruka mbi zikomeye mu myaka iri imbere.
Impamvu mvuga ibyo ni iyihe?
Kw’itariki ya 27 Werurwe 2020, isosiyeti y’ibyogajuru OneWebyashyikirije urwandiko Urukiko rukurikirana amasosiyete yahombye mu karere k’amajyepfo ya New York muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika. Muzi urwo rwandiko yavugaga ko yahombye. Nyamara mbere ho gato, mu ntangiriro y’ukwezi kwa Werurwe, Leta y’u Rwanda ifatanije na SoftBank; Qualcomm, Gruppo Salinas, bashoye miliyari imwe na miliyoni 25 z’amadolari y’amanyamerika muri iyo sosiyeti y’ibyogajuru. Uburemere bw’ishorwa ry’imari rya Leta y’u Rwanda muri OneWeb n’intera y’igihombo gihise gikurikiraho bikomeje gutera urujijo. Ntibihagarariye aho. Prezida w’iyo sosiyeti OneWeb akanayishinga, Grag Wyler, ni umunyamerika uzwi nk’inshuti ya Prezida Kagame. Mu mwaka wa 2006, Leta y’u Rwanda yahaye inkunga itishyurwa sosiyeti yindi ya Greg Wyler yitwa Terracom. Iyo sosiyeti ni yo iyobora Rwandatel kuko 99% by’umutungo wa Rwandatel ari iby’iyo Terracom. Nibutse ko Rwandatel ari nayo sosiyeti yonyine mu Rwanda ishinzwe ugutumanaho kwa telefoni zo mu ngo no mu ku kazi. Nyuma y’umwaka wa 2007, Leta y’u Rwanda yaguze Rwandatel ya Terracom ku madolari 11 miliyoni n’ibihumbi 91. Ntimurambirwe ! Leta y’u Rwanda yahise iyigurisha sosiyeti ya Libiya yitwa LAP Green, miliyoni 100 z’amadolari y’amanyamerika. Nyuma, mu mwaka wa 2012, Prezida Kagame yahamagariye ku mugaragaro guhirika ubutegetsi no kwica Mouammar Kadhafi, Prezida w’igihugu cya Libiya. Ubwo gushora imari kwa LAP Green mu Rwanda byari bitegerejwe bihita bipokera. Rwandatel ihita ihomba, igurwa na Liquid Telecom Rwanda ku mafaranga miliyoni 4 z’amadolari gusa ! Iyo Liquid Telecom Rwanda ni ishami rya sosiyeti ya Econet Wireless. Uretse akayabo k’amafaranga yabyungukiyemo, Liquid Telecom Rwanda iyoborwa n’umuntu w’inshuti magara ya Prezida Kagame, ishinzwe ibikorwa by’ubutasi mu gihugu no mu karere.
Tubahe imbonerahamwe y’imishinga n’amasosiyeti y’ibikingi n’ubukonde bikubye kare ijana ibya Mirenge ku Ntenyo :
– Crystal Ventures : ni iy’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi ya FPR Inkotanyi ;
– Groupe Horizon : ni iy’ingabo z’igihugu za RDF;
– Prime Holdings : ni iy’ishami rya maneko ya gisirikare ;
– MTN Rwandacell : Crystal Ventures ni umushoramari uyikomeyemo;
– Kigali Convention Center: Prime Holdings ni umushoramari w’ikirenga, yashyizemo miliyoni 300 z’amadolari y’Amerika;
– Kigali Marriott : yanditswe kuri Hatari Sekoko na Billy Cheung nk’abashoramari ku giti cyabo muri iyo hoteli. Sekoko ni umusirikare wa ofisiye ushinzwe kuneka bya gisirikare. Amazina y’amasosiyeti yanditseho ni ikitiriro kuko amasosiyeti menshi ahagarariye ari aya Prezida Kagame;
– Serena Hotel : yitwaga mbere Intercontinental Hotels, yubatswe n’umutungo wa rubanda ku mafaranga ari hagati ya miliyoni 40-50. Prime Holdings ibarirwa mu bayubatse;
– Merrimack Pharmaceuticals: muri 2008/2009, Ikigo cy’ubwiteganyirize cy’abakozi cyashoyemo miliyoni z’amadolari y’amanyamerika muri iyo sosiyeti y’abanyamerika. Abanyamerika babiri : Pr Michael Porter wo muri Harvard Business School na Dr Clet Niyikiza nibo bashoramari bayo. Dr Niyikiza yari visiprezida wa Merrimack. Nibutse ko abo bagabo bombi bari muri komisiyo ngishwanama (PAC) y’igihugu ya Prezida Kagame ;
– L.E.A.F Pharmaceuticals Rwanda : ni ishami rya L.E.A.F. Pharmaceuticals, Dr Clet Niyikiza wavuzwe hejuru yashinze mu Rwanda akaba ari nawe uyiyobora ;-
– Arsenal Football Club: Leta y’u Rwanda yayihaye akayabo ka miliyoni 40 z’amadolari y’Amerika kugira ku myambaro y’abakinnyi hajye handikwaho «Visit Rwanda»;
– Bugesera International Airport : Ikibuga mpuzamahanga cy’indege I Bugesera kimaze gutwara akayabo ka miliyoni 828 z’amadolari y’Amerika, biteganijwe ko bizagera kuri miliyari 1 na miliyoni 31 ;
– Kigali Arena: ni ingoro y’umukino w’amaboko wa basketball yubatswe na miliyoni 104 z’amadolari y’Amerika ;
– RwandAir : ni sosiyeti y’indege igizwe n’indege 12 zibarirwa mu mutungo wa miliyari 1 na miliyoni 631 z’amadolari y’Amerika, ikaba irangwa no guhora mu gihombo n’imfashanyo za Leta ;
– Ingendo zo mu mahanga za Prezida n’indege z’umurimbo w’akataraboneka : Kuva muri 2003, Prezida Kagame yaguze indege ebyiri zo mu bwoko bwa Bombardier Global Express BD-700 n’izindi ebyiri zo mu bwoko bwa Gulfstream 650G ku mafaranga y’akayabo ya miliyoni hafi 230 y’amadolari y’Amerika. Byanditse ko zaguzwe na Hatari Sekoko wavuzwe hejuru. Uko Perezida Kagame afashe indege ni umusoro wa Leta uriha izo ndege n’ibijyanye n’ingendo ze zose. Ucishirije, Perezida aba yavuye mu Rwanda, ari hanze y’igihugu nangwa iminsi ine mu cyumweru. Icyumba arayemo cyishyurwa amadolari y’Amerika atari hasi y’ibihumbi 16 by’amadolari y’amanyamerika ;
– Arab contractors : Ni bo bubatse ingoro ya Ministeri y’ingabo i Kigali, kimwe n’inzu y’indaro bwite ya Prezida Kagame ku kiyaga cya Muhazi. Nta muntu n’umwe wakubwira amasezerano y’ubwo bwubatsi bwombi;
– Dubai Port World : Yahawe ubwasisi bw’imyaka 25 bwo gucunga icyambu izubaka imbere mu gihugu ;
– Volkswagen car plant : amasezerano n’ubwasisi yahawe ntibuzwi. Ikizwi ni uko nta shingano yo gukoresha umutungo kamere w’u Rwanda yahawe.
– Quatar Airways: ifite umugabane wa 60% w’umutungo w’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzammahanga cya Bugesera, mu gihe RwandAir ifitemo gusa umutungo wa 39 %.
Ubwanyu namwe mwakwibaza impamvu Prezida Kagame yiruka inyuma y’ibintu nko kwohereza ibyogajuru mu kirere, gusahura umutungo rusange awushyira mu maboko ye ku giti cye, kwubaka amahoteli y’akataraboneka n’inzu zihebuje z’amanama bihora bihomba, kwubaka ikibuga cy’indege cya kabiri mpuzamahanga n’icya mbere nta mwenegihugu wari wagikozamo akarenge, kwuba mu munezero w’ibintu ukabije mu gihugu kirangwa nyamara n’ubukene, gutunga sosiyeti y’indege itarigeze na rimwe yunguka, kwishingira ikipi ikomeye y’umupira y’igihugu cy’u Bwongereza, agasubira inyuma gusega icyo gihugu imfashanyo, gushora imari bujura mu bihugu bikize nka Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika asahura umutungo w’Isanduku y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, cyangwa gushoza intambara zo gusahura igihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Kongo.
Iyo witegereje gato amasosiyeti n’imishinga ndetse n’amanyanga Prezida Kagame akoresha kugira ngo ayigarurire, bikwereka uburyo bwa kiboko ayoboresha Leta. Leta y’u Rwanda iyoborwa n’inzego zishinzwe kuneka n’ubutasi, iza gisirikare n’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rya FPR Inkotanyi. Izo nzego arazifitiye mu maboko ye. Ako gatereranzamba ka gisirikare gafatanije n’ubutasi kakwiriye igihugu cyose, karakiboha, nta hantu kasize. Kagame yumiye ku butegetsi nk’ikirondwe ku ruhu. Uko kumira ku ruhu nibyo bisobanura uburyo akoresha bwo kunyunyuza umutungo rusange w’igihugu awusahurira mu mutungo we bwite no mu mishinga ihambaye, ariko idafite inyungu n’imwe, ari mu bucuruzi cyangwa se ari mu mibereho myiza rusange y’abanyarwanda. Kubera ko Kagame nta rwego rwa politiki, rw’ubukungu bw’igihugu se, cyangwa abanyagihugu muri rusange, rumucunga, nta muntu n’umwe mbese ushobora kumuryoza imikoreshereze ye mibi y’umutungo. Igihugu yarakigaruriye akigira akarima ke. Agabira uwo ashatse, abayoboke be ni ibisahiranda byamunzwe na ruswa.
Kubera ko ubutegetsi bwe bwubakiye ku gatsiko gakorera ku bwoba ko mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi, ubutegetsi bwe bukoresha agahato, nta bwumvikane n’abanyagihugu bushoboka. Prezida kagame akeneye umutungo utubutse wo guha abanyamahanga kumuvuga imyato atanagira, Abatutsi abwira ko akorera abahoza mu bwoba. Abahutu, nubwo aribo benshi, abahoza ku nkeke kugira ngo batanarota na rimwe kwumvivumbagatanyaho. Ajugunya mu munyururu abatavuga rumwe na we, arica agakiza, arigisa abantu. Ahora mu ntambara zo gusahura no kubuza amahwemo ibihugu duhana mbibi, ahoza ku jisho abaturage ntawe unyeganyega, ari nako akwirakwiza ubutasi hirya hino mu gihugu no mu mahanga.
Ariko cyane cyane, ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, inzego za gisirikare n’iz’ubutasi no kuneka zifite inshingano zo kugwizaho umutungo Prezida Kagame n’umuryango we. Agena uwo agabira nta nkomyi, uwo ahana se. Mbese gukoresha igitugu n’uburyo bwose bwo guhoza abantu ku nkeke bisa nk’aho byamuhiriye kugeza ubu.
Mumaze kwumva hejuru imyato y’ukuri ya Kagame. Biratangaje kubona ari inshuro ya kabiri mwibeshya kuri Leta y’u’ Rwanda. Imibonere yanyu ya Leta y’u Rwanda ituma Abanyarwanda benshi bibaza niba Leta muba muvuga ari iyo bazi, babamo, babona buri munsi imibereho y’abo.
Banki y’isi y’ubukungu iti :
“U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bikeya by’isi byashoboye gukuza vuba ubukungu, rwarwanyije bikomeye ubukene, rukanagabanya ubusumbane mu bantu »;
“U Rwanda ni igihugu gikomeje kugaragaza imiyoborere ihamye y’igihugu gitekanye kuva jenoside yo muri 1994 yaba. Amatora y’abadepite yo muri Nzeri 2018 abategarugori begukanyemo 64% by’intebe, FPR Inkotanyi yakomeje kugira ubwiganze mu Mutwe w’abadepite. Ni ubwa mbere kandi amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi : Ishyaka riharanira Demokrasi no kurengera ibidukikije na PS Imberakuri byinjira mu Nteko nshingamategeko, buri shyaka rifitemo intebe ebyiri. Prezida Kagame yongeye gutorerwa indi manda y’imyaka irindwi muri Kanama 2018, nyuma y’aho Itegekonshinga rihinduriwe rikamuha uburenganzira bwo kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu”,
“Igipimo cy’ubukene cyavuye kuri 59% kijya kuri 45 % mu myaka icumi ishize. U Rwanda rufite umwanya wa kabiri mu bihugu bya Afurika mu kworohereza amasosiyeti gukora akazi kayo”.
Rwanda – Country partnership strategy FY2014-18 (Vol.2) http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/735901468336703252/Main-report
Ikigega cy’isi cy’imari na cyo kigakomeza kivuga :
“U Rwanda rwateye intambwe ndende cyane mu kugera ku ntego z’amajyambere rwiyemeje. Ikigereranyo cy’ubukungu bwihuta kandi bugendeye umujyo umwe bwashingiwe ku ngingo zinyuranye z’igena migambi, zo kurengera umutungo rusange n’imyumvire ihwitse y’ingamba za politiki”;
STAFF REPORT FOR THE 2019 ARTICLE IV CONSULTATION: Rwanda : Staff Report for 2019 Article IV Consultation and a Request for a Three-Year Policy Coordination Instrument-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Rwanda
Banki y’Afrika itsura amajyambere yungamo iti :
U Rwanda rwashoboye kuva muri jenoside yo muri 1994 ruba mu bihugu bya mbere birangwa no kuvugurura imikorere no kwongera vuba igipimo cy’ubukungu. Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994, u Rwanda rwateye intambwe ikataje mu gushyira igihugu mu gitereko gihamye cya politiki, mu kwunga abantu no gushinga igihugu kigendera ku mategeko. Uko gushyira mu bikorwa iyo mivugururire byimbitse n’igihe kirekire cy’amahoro arambye na politiki ihamye byatumye u Rwanda rukataza cyane mu bukungu no mu mibereho y’abaturage. »
RWANDA BANK GROUP COUNTRY STRATEGY PAPER 2017 – 2021 https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Rwanda_CSP_2017-21_EN.PDF
Muri rusange, inyandiko nk’izi ni izikomeza kuvuga imyato y’isano riri hagati y’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, igisirikare n’inzego z’ubutasi ziyobora u Rwanda zihagarikiwe na Prezida Kagame.
Mutabeshye cyangwa ngo mwibeshye. Mwakwemeza koko ko abanyarwanda bakize kandi banezerewe kurusha mbere ? Hari ikimenyetso kigaragara cyerekana ko u Rwanda rwatambutse ibibazo byarushoye mu ntambara, muri jenoside, mu bibazo byateye amoko y’abanyarwanda agera aho ahangana birenze urugero hagati yayo cyangwa hagati y’abahuje ubwoko ? Abanyarwanda bakize guhahamuka ? U Rwanda ruratereye ? Ubukungu bw’igihugu busangiwe neza kurusha mbere ? Mubona imizamukire y’ubukungu irambye ? Leta yumva abanyagihugu bashobora kuyiryoza imikorere yayo? Ibyemezo no kugena politiki bikorwa mu buryo bwa demokrasi kandi bigashyigikirwa n’abaturage ? Inteko nshingamategeko na Prezida Kagame batowe binyuze mu mucyo ? Hari inzego mu gihugu zituma ubutegetsi butirara, bwaba nshingwabikorwa, nshingamategeko cyangwa ubutabera ? Koko u Rwanda ni igihugu kigendera ku mategeko ? Abanyarwanda bizera koko ubutabera ? Amahano ubutegetsi bwa FPR bwakoreye ubwoko bw’abahutu yaremejwe kandi abayakoze barabiryojwe ? Abahutu bafite uburenganzira bwo kwibuka n’abo ababo? Amashyirahamwe anyuranye akora mu bwisanzure ? Ntawe uniganwa ijambo? U Rwanda rubanye neza n’ibihugu ruhana imbibi ?
Ndabarahiye. Abanyarwanda ubahaye urubuga bisanzuriramo, nta ndishyi, utabakangishije kubica, abanyarwanda ku bwinshi bazubiza baranguruye ibi bibazo byose navuye hejuru bati: “OYA” ku buryo budasubizwaho.
Akazi ko gucura imbonerahamwe zidahuye n’ukuri, umuco w’ingoma zose z’igitugu wafashe intera iteye ubwoba mu Rwanda. Ingendo abakozi b’ibigo by’ubukungu n’imari byanyu zibazana mu Rwanda ntizigera zirenga Umurwa mukuru wa Kigali. Baraza bagakorana n’intasi za Leta ziri mu miryango mpuzamahanga cyangwa nyarwanda. Nta gushaka kujya guhura n’abaturage aho bari, ngo barebe imibereho yabo ya buri munsi. Ibigo byanyu bishobora kugwa mu mitego bitabizi, bigakoporora ibyo bihawe bibyita ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.
Amasosiyeti, imari n’imishinga ya Prezida Kagame si ay’igihugu, ntabwo ari n’intangarugero cyangwa agamije guhindura imiterere rusange y’ubukungu. Ni imishinga ihanitse cyane yo kwiryoshya idashobora guhanga inzira ihwitse yatuma biha intera u Rwanda ku buryo rwabarirwa mu bihugu bifite umutungo uciriritse mu mwaka wa 2035, cyangwa se rwabarirwa mu bihugu bikize mu mwaka wa 2050. Ni imishinga idahwitse imeze nk’inzu y’itongo igamije kwishakira indonke bwite za Prezida Kagame no kugira ngo barebe ko ingoma ye ishingiye ku bantu bagerwa ku mashyi, yatera kabiri. Ni imishinga y’icyuka, muhumbye gato izaturika, kandi bizatera ingaruka zikomeye igihugu. Dore ko iyo mishinga yanayigize indahiro yuje ubugome, yitakuma avuga ko uzayikoraho wese ashaka kuyisenya azamwica.
Ubuzima mu Rwanda ntibubabarira, bugwa abantu hejuru gitumo kandi ni bugufi. Na mbere y’uko iki cyorezo cy’indwara ya Covid-19 kinaza, u Rwanda rwari rwarafunze imipaka yarwo n’ibihugu bituranye na rwo. Ntibyumvikana rero ukuntu igihugu gifunze, kitagera ku nyanja, cyitwa igihugu gishimagizwa kuba intangarugero mu kwoherereza inzira umuntu wese ushaka kugishoramo imari. U Rwanda ni igihugu abahinzi batunzwe n’intica ntikize, aho umutungo w’abakene useswa kugira ngo imishinga y’abari kw’ibere isugire isagambe. U Rwanda ni igihugu abaturage barwaye amavunja, inda n’inzoka. Abana bato ntacyo kwambara bagira, barashonje, iyo bagize amahirwe barya rimwe mu munsi. Ubushomeri bwokamye igihugu, abarimu, abakozi bo kwa muganga, abasirikare bo hasi, abapolisi n’abakozi ba Leta benshi bafite umushahara muto. Abanyarwanda barebana amakenga n’ishozi ubukire burenze urugero bwa Prezida Kagame, umuryango we, inshuti ze n’amashumi ye amurindira ubutegetsi. Ubwitonzi mubona ntabwo n’imihanda isukuye ihishe uburakari bushobora gutomboka buri kanya n’ubwo buvumbitse. U Rwanda ni ikirunga gicecetse, kibundikiye umuriro ugurumana mu nsi, nkuko byari bimeze, mbere ya 1958, 1973, na mbere ya 1990.
Ibikorwa by’ibigo byanyu mu Rwanda bigeze mu mayirabiri akomeye. Ibigo byanyu bishobora kugirira abanyarwanda akamaro igihe mushishikazwe no kumenya imibereho yabo nyayo, igihe mwumva ubwoba bwabo n’ibyo barangamiye, iyo mushishikajwe no kubabaza ibibazo bihwitse, kandi igihe cyose muberetse gufatanya na bo guhangana n’ibibazo bahura n’abyo no gushaka ibisubizo birambye n’imbere hasangiwe.
Mu bihe biri imbere muzagomba guhitamo. Muzacyeza Prezida Kagame n’amashumi ye y’ishyaka riyobora igihugu, y’igisirikare cyangwa y’inzego z’ubutasi ejo bizatsindwa ? Cyangwa muzafata uruhande rwo guharanira inyungu z’abanyarwanda.
Amateka azaca urubanza abanje gushishoza.
Murakarama..
Dr. Theogene Rudasingwa
Umuyobozi w’inama nkuru
ISHAKWE-Rwanda Freedom Movement
Washington DC – USA
Contact: [email protected]
Bimenyeshejwe :
Jay Clayton
Chairman
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, NE
Washington, DC 20549
USA
Hafez Ghanem
Vice President, Africa
The World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433
USA
Alison Evans
Director-General
Independent Evaluation Group
1818 H Street, NW Washington DC 20433
USA
Charles Collyns
Director
Independent Evaluation Office
of the International Monetary Fund
700 19th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20431
U.S.A.
