Nifuje kugira icyo mvuga ku gitabo \u201cRuhengeli, territoire du Rwanda. Jadis, hier, aujourd\u2019hui\u201d cya Andereya Sebatware. Igice kimpagurukije ni icyo Sebatware yise \u00ab Crises Politiques \u00bb, (guhera kuri paji 119 kugeza kuya 165, igice gikubiye mu mutwe wa 9). Ni igice yageneye ibyo abona nk\u2019ibibazo byakuruye ihirikwa rya Repubulika ya mbere.<\/p>\n
Kwandika igitabo ni umurimo ukomeye. Ubikoze wese aba yafashe igihe gihagije cyo kubitekerezaho kandi aba afite impamvu ikomeye ibimuteye. Nyuma yo gusoma nitonze ariya mapaji 47, nyuma kandi yo kwumva ibiganiro atanga ku maradiyo, nasanze inyungu, intego rukumbi ya Sebatware ari ugukwirakwiza ibitekerezo bigamije gutesha agaciro Leta ya mbere, Prezida Kayibanda ubwe, na bagenzi be bahitanwe na Coup d\u2019\u00e9tat ya 73.<\/p>\n
Ntabwo ari igitabo kigisha amateka, nta n\u2019ubwo ari igitabo nyirubwite agerageza kugaragazamo imyumvire ye ku bibazo byabaye, ngo yerekane aho yari ahagaze n\u2019icyo yamaze. Ahubwo usanga icyo agamije ari ugushyigikira ibitekerezo n\u2019imyumvire by\u2019abakoze kudeta ya 73, agamije gutsindagira mwene iyo myumvire mu mitwe y\u2019abantu, kabone naho azi ko ari ibinyoma. Ntawatinya no kuvuga ko agamije kwihimura (r\u00e8glement de comptes), uretse ko atagaraza impamvu zabyo. Abo yandarika avuga ko bamugiriye neza, bari inshuti ze. Ibi byitwa nguki ?<\/p>\n
Muri iyi nyandiko, Sebatware arasobanura ko impamvu zakuruye ihirima (tujye tuvuga ihirikwa ni byo bihuye n\u2019ukuli) rya repubulika ya mbere ari eshanu. Mu by\u2019ukuli, nk\u2019uko nabivuze haruguru, usanga asubiramo atsindagiraimpamvu zatanzwe muri 73 n\u2019abakoze Kudeta, yirengagiza nkana ko nyuma y\u2019ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, byamaze kugaragara nta shiti, ko abantu bashakaga gufata ubutegetsi ari bo bateje akaduruvayo, baje kuriririraho ngo bahirike Repubulika ya mbere. Usibye ko n\u2019izo nyandiko benshi badakeneye kuzisoma kuko biboneye n\u2019amaso yabo uko ibintu byagenze, n\u2019ababikoraga.<\/p>\n
1\u00b0 Amatiku (amakimbirane) hagati y\u2019abanyepolitiki ba Gitarama<\/strong><\/p>\n Aha ingero Sebatware atanga ni ebyili : ivanwa rya Mbonyumutwa ku mwanya wa Perezida \/ Guta umurongo kwa Rwasibo nyuma y\u2019amakimibirane hagati ye na Mulindahabi.<\/p>\n Nkuko umuryango wa Prezida Kayibanda wabimugaragarije mu nyandiko wamwoherereje nyuma yo gusohora kiriya Gitabo, Mbonyumutwa ubwe yemeye ko Prezida Kayibanda yari afite plus de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 kuri uwo mwanya nk\u2019umukuru w\u2019ishyaka, bitewe kandi n\u2019uruhare yagize mu nkundura ya demokarasi. Ibi yabitangarije umuhungu we mu kiganiro bagiranye kigashyirwa mu nyandiko. Uburyo Mbonyumutwa yavuyeho bwaciye mu mategeko kandi nyirubwite yarabwakiriye.<\/p>\n Ku birebana n\u2019amakimbirane hagati ya Mulindahabi na Rwasibo. Kayibanda yafashe icyemezo, bombi abakura muri Gouvernement, ariko bagumya kuba abadepite. Mulindahabi kugeza yitabye Imana, naho Rwasibo we yaje guta umurongo nyuma, yirukanwa mu milimo y\u2019ubuyobzi bw\u2019ishyaka. Bari inshuti ze bombi, ariko yarebye inyungu z\u2019igihugu n\u2019izi shyaka. Rwasibo wavugwaga kuba intandaro y\u2019iyicwa ry\u2019abana be, ntawamukozeho.<\/p>\n Iki kibazo cy\u2019amakimbirane hagati ya Rwasibo na Mulindahabi, ntabwo cyaciye intege leta, cyangwa se ngo gishyamiranye abanyagitarama, nkuko Sebatware abyemeza, Leta n\u2019ishyaka byakomeje imilimo yabyo. Buhoro buhoro Prezida Kayibanda yagiye asimbuza abasangirangendo be b\u2019ibanze, abakozi bashya bari basohotse za kaminuza. La continuit\u00e9 de l\u2019Etat \u00e9tait assur\u00e9e et le fonctionnement s\u2019en portait mieux.<\/p>\n Sebatware ahita na none azana ibindi bibazo agamije kwerekana ko Prezida Kayibanda yari umunyagitugu, ubundi ko yasuzugurwa n\u2019abadepite: ati imyanzuro ya Commisions parlementaires yari igamije kwirukana Ministre Harelimana muri Gouvernement yaburijwemo, ati Mpakaniye yatowe kuba Perezida w \u2018inteko Kayibanda atamushaka, Kayibanda yanze kongera gutoresha Makuza ku mwanya wo kuyobora inteko, \u2026, ifungwa n \u2018itoroka rya Semusambi, \u2026.<\/p>\n Nyamara muri uko gushaka kwandagaza Prezida Kayibanda na Leta ye, Sebatware amwerekana mu buryo buteye ishema muri iyo myaka ya mbere ya repubilika, u Rwandarugisohoka muri cyami : Prezida Kayibanda yemeraga ko abadepite bavuguruza ibyemezo bye, abo atemeranijwe na bo ntabakureho (barangizaga mandat zabo), ntabajugunye mu minyuru cyangwa se ngo abice. Ibyo u Rwanda rubiheruka ryari ? Ngo guta umurongo ? Ni fonctionnement normal d\u2019un syst\u00e8me (parti) d\u00e9mocratique. Iyo uri mu ishyaka hari discipline usabwa, hari amahame ugomba kubahiriza, iyo utabishaka, uragenda, cyangwa bakagusezerera. Ba Rugira, Nzeyimana, Rwasibo, Bicamumpaka, Otto, ntibari abacuruzi babayeho neza cyane ? Yego wenda si byo bari bahisemo, ariko ishyaka rigira amategeko rigenderaho. Iyo bikomeza gutyo, abo dukuye muri Leta tukabaha amahirwe yo kwishakishiriza ubuzima hanze yayo. Makuza yigijweyo nyuma aragaruka, aba ministre ! ati ibyemezo bya commission byaburijwemo ! Ese ntibyaciye mu matora y\u2019abadepite ? Kandi mu mpande zombi zahanganaga kuri icyo kibazo, hari abadepite bakomoka mu maprefegitura atandukanye, \u2026Gufunga Semusambi, nagira icyo mbivugaho ari uko nzi amategeko yamufunze icyo yavugaga. Abanyamakuru ntabwo bagira immunit\u00e9, bagira amategeko agenga umwuga wabo, kandi ateganya ko bashobora gufungwa nk\u2019abandi baturage. Birashoboka ko haba harabaye un abus.<\/p>\n Bibaho. Demokarasi ni isafari. Nk\u2019uko yadufashaga (Semusambi) kubiririmba muri MDR ivuguye, 25 ans apr\u00e8s ! Ubuze icyo atuka inka, aravuga ngo dore urwo rucebe. Kuyobora igihugu si umukino, ese duhore Prezida kayibanda ko yageregeje kubahiriza amahame ya demokarasi ?<\/p>\n 2\u00b0 Kwikubira, gutonesha (Gitarama), guheza (Gisenyi, Ruhengeli)<\/strong><\/p>\n Mu myanya ikomeye y\u2019ubuyobozi bw\u2019igihugu, Gisenyi na Ruhengeli si zo zari zihejwe ugereranije n\u2019amaperefegitura nka Kibungo, Gikongoro cyangwa se Byumba. Ahubwo umuntu yavuga ko amaperefefigitura atatu ariyo Gitarama, Gisenyi, na Ruhengeli ukongeraho Butare yari yararyamiye andi mu mibereho ya Leta ya mbere kuva yashingwa. Muri 63, 64, Ruhengeli yari ifite abaministre bane : Bicamumpaka yari muri int\u00e9rieur, Bagaragaza muri coop\u00e9ration, Otto Rusingizandekwe muri TP, Ayinkamiye muri affaires sociales. Kandi ntawabyinubiye icyo gihe. Umuntu ashobora kubyumva arebye aho abarwanashyaka b\u2019ibanze ba Revolisiyo bakomokaga, ukongeraho n\u2019ubushobozi bwo kwiga ku bantu bari hafi ya Rwaza, Kabgayi, Save, cyangwa se Nyundo.<\/p>\n Mu bihe bya nyuma bya Leta ya mbere ubwiganze bwa ba Ministre bava i Gitarama (nko kugira Cpt Bizimana ministre ; bari batanu), bugaragara nk\u2019ingaruka za opposition qui se faisait de plus en plus sentir de la part y\u2019amajyaruguru vis-\u00e0-vis ya Politiki ya Kayibanda ( Abakonde, ubushake bwo gucuruza ku bakozi ba Leta, abasilikare bashakaga imyanya politique (babona za coup d\u2019\u00e9tat ahandi). Kayibanda yiyegereje abantu yizeye, bamwumva, nabo biyegereza abo bizeye, mu buryo bwo kugirango Leta ikomeze imirimo yayo, kandi baterane inkunga. Ibyo bitavuze ko amajyaruguru yari ahejwe. Iyo akarere kagenzura burundu inzego z\u2019umutekano mu gihugu (ingabo, ubutasi, ubutegetsi bw\u2019igihugu, ubutabera), kagategeka inteko ishinga amategeko, banki y\u2019igihugu, \u2026biraruhije kuvuga ko kahejwe.<\/p>\n 3\u00b0 Gushaka kugundira ubutegetsi<\/strong><\/p>\n Inyandiko Bagaragaraza yasohoye kuri iki kibazo yerekana ko Prezida Kayibanda atifuzaga gukora mandat y\u2019indi. We yabifataga nko kwigira umwami. Ariko bamwe mu barwanashyaka ba MDR bakabimuhatira. Nta mwanzuro yari yagafashe. Kubimugerekaho ni proc\u00e8s d\u2019intention. N\u2019ubwo constitution yari yarahinduwe, ntawari uzi icyemezo cye. Nk\u2019uko bamwe babivuga dutegereze, wenda umunsi umwe Disikuru yari yateguye kubwira Congr\u00e8s pr\u00e9fectoraux za MDR le 5 juillet izaduha igisubizo.<\/p>\n Ikiri cyo ni uko kuba yari acyuye igihe, byakajije amakimbirane hagati y\u2019udutsiko twabifuzaga ko uwamusimbura yava muri bo. Bamwe batekereza ko byanyura mu nzira ya demokarasi, abandi bashaka kubicisha mu nduru y\u2019amasasu n\u2019imiborogo. Niyo yifuza gukomeza nari kubibonamo ubushake bwo gucubya amakimbirane hagati y abashakaga kumusimbura, noneho agafata umwanya uhagije wo gutegura igenda rye. Icyizwi uyu munsi ni uko atabyifuzaga. Bivugwa ko abo Prezida Kayibanda yifuzaga ko babahitamo umusimbura ari Makuza, Bagaragaza na Habyalimana. Izina rya Sebatware ryumvise bwa mbere mu gitabo cye !<\/p>\n 4\u00b0 Kunanirwa kwa Perezida Kayibanda utarugikora akazi ke (ananijwe n\u2019abanyagitarama yari yiyegereje)<\/strong><\/p>\n Iyi ni ingingo Sebatware agarukaho cyane, mu gisa n\u2019umugambi ukomeye wo guharabika no gutesha agaciro Prezida Kayibanda. Ku bw\u2019uwo mugambi ntatinya guhindura cyangwa se guhimba za citations. Biti hi se ati umuboyi, umuzamu runaka yarambwiye !<\/p>\n Ku rupapuro rwa 127 aratanga iyi citation avuga ko yakuye mu gitabo cya Baudouin Paternostre kuri page 221 : Ibi sebatware arabivuga nk\u2019ikimenyetso cy\u2019uko Prezida Kayibanda ataragikora akazi, ngo yabaga yiryamiye ku manywa, yaraye mu bitaramo !<\/p>\n Ibintu bibili by\u2019ingenzi : Icya kabili. Dore citation compl\u00e8te et authentique ya Paternostre : L\u2019id\u00e9e c\u2019est qu\u2019il travaillait trop et se fatiguait et non l\u2019inverse.<\/p>\n Hari kandi n\u2019iyi citations Sebatware avuga ko iri kuri page 22x (umubare wa nyuma ntusomeka) muri icyo gitabo cya Paternostre : Narayishatse kuri page zose zitangirwa na 22 narayibuze.Uwayibona yambwira, nkayisomera, kuko nabonye trucage ari ikimenyerewe muri iki gitabo. Niba kandi itarimo nabyo tubimenye.<\/p>\n 5\u00b0 Imvururu mu gihugu. Perezida Kayibanda na bamwe muri Leta barareberega cyangwa bagakongeza.<\/strong><\/p>\n Nka Ministre w\u2019ubutegetsi bw\u2019igihugu n\u2019ubucamanza, twari tumutezeho ko atubwira akari imurori ku mvururu, amakimbirane yabanjirije kudeta n\u2019uburyo yagenze. Ariko ibyo umuntu asoma muri iki gitabo ni agahomamunwa. Habuze iki ?<\/p>\n Sebatware arakusanya ibintu byinshi, muri rusange byagiye bivugwa cyangwa byandikwa n\u2019abari mu murongo wa Kudeta, n\u2019ubwo bimaze kugaragara ko ari montage. Mu ntokiza Sebatware bihinduka uruvangitirane, umuntu ntamenya aho ibintu byabereye, igihe byabereye, n\u2019ababigizemo uruhare.<\/p>\n Amasanira ari hagati y\u2019ibintu n\u2019ibindi ntagaragara. Ibintu avuga ni ibintu bikomeye, byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw\u2019igihugu, ku buzima bw\u2019abantu batagira ingano, nyamara arabivuga nkucira abana umugani ku ishyiga. Aucune rigueur dans l\u2019\u00e9criture, ni dans la pr\u00e9sentation des faits. Tout est tronqu\u00e9. Muri iki gice murebe mumbwire un seul \u00e9v\u00e9nement abasha gusobanura neza uko yagenze, yerekana uko yatangiye, abayigizemo uruhare, aho yabereye, uko yarangiye. Muri aya mapaji yose nabonyemo amatariki atanu yonyine (de notori\u00e9t\u00e9 publique) : 5 juillet 1973, la nuit du 6 au 7 juin 73 (coup d\u2019\u00e9tat imaginaire de Gahanga), 19 mai 73 (coup d\u2019\u00e9tat du camp Kanombe), 26 juin 73 (Dissolution de la Police), 7 mars 1985 (Nomero y\u2018imvaho yatangaga lisiti y\u2019abanyapolitiki bishwe). Muri rusange turi dans l\u2019approximation, arabara inkuru.<\/p>\n Ku rundi ruhande Sebatware araceceka ibintu bizwi na bose kandi bigaragara ko bifite uruhare rukomeye mu gusobanura no kwumvikanisha neza biriya bihe. NK\u2019uko umuryango wa Prezida Kayibanda ubimwibutsa mu nyandiko wamwoherereje amaze gusohora iki gitabo,<\/p>\n – Comit\u00e9s du salut public ntazo azi , ntazo yigeze yumva ? Ese asobanura ate ko abari bazigize bahindutse abantu bakomeye cyane muri Repubulika ya kabili, aho guhanirwa imvururu bateje mu gihugu ?<\/p>\n – Ijambo Prezida Kayibanda yavuze atanga ihumure mu gihugu ntaryo yamenye ? Inyandiko yasohoye, ibindi bikorwa byose yakoze afatanije na gouvernement ye ngo ahagarike imvururu, byabaye ari he ? None ko atabivuga ?<\/p>\n – Uruhare rw\u2019inzego za gisilikare n\u2019izishinzwe umutekano mu guteza no gukwirakwiza imvururu mu gihugu hose ntacyo abizi ho ? ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Colonel Balthazar Ndengeyinka uvuga ko abanyeshuli bo muri EO biboneye Colonel Kanyarengwe amanika ku biro bya Sirwa amalisti y abatutsi bagomba kwirukanwa, yatubwira impamvu ntacyo abivugaho ? Kagenza we ubwe wivugira ko Yavuye i Bugande aje gutegura kudeta ?Abakozi bo muri camp Kanombe kuri chantier bahawe cong\u00e9 zo kujya kwirukana abatutsi mu biro?<\/p>\n – Aravuga ibya Shyogwe (nta gihamya atwereka ko abana bagiye koko kwa Perezida akabasubiza mu ishuli kandi bishe abantu). Nyamara araceceka ko inama ya Leta yirukanye abanyeshuli bose ba Ecole des assistants m\u00e9dicaux, igafunga iryo shuli, coup d\u2019\u00e9tat yaba ikimara kuba, inama ya Leta nshya ikabaha bose imbabazi bakagaruka mu ishuli. T\u00e9moignage ya St Lt Hakizabera Christophe ku buryo abana b\u2019abatutsi n\u2019abanyenduga barimo kwirukanwa muri Saint Andr\u00e9 n\u2019abasore bo mu majyaruguru, \u2026 \u2026 ibyo byose se tuvuge ko atabizi ? Les faits sont t\u00eatus, monsieur le Ministre !<\/p>\n Ahubwo Sebatware aratuzanira izindi faits dont l\u2019authenticit\u00e9 est plus que douteuse (asa nkaho yihimbiye ntagihamya atwereka, ngo ababoyi, abashoferi, Gervasi, baramubwiye, ibindi yabibwiwe n\u2019abantu batakiriho : Nzanana, Habyalimana, \u2026). Iyi m\u00e9thode ya propagande irazwi, yo kuvuga ngo niba mutabashije kwerekana ko mbeshya (nari mpari nka ministre) ubwo ibyo mvuga ni ukuli ! Oya, Nyakubahwa, ni mwebwe mugomba kwerekana ko ibyo muvuga ari byo, mubitangira ibimenyetso, naho ubundi byaba ari ukwishyuhiriza ikiganiro. Ni nkaho nanjye nakwandika ko umuboyi wawe yambwiye ko \u2026cyangwa ko data umbyara yasize ambwiye ko Sebatware\u2026). Murumva se ibyo twabivamo ? Amateka y\u2019u Rwanda yahinduka iki ? Ngo bashatse kukwica ? wowe kubera iki ? ngo za commando zagombaga kujya mu ngo kwica abantu ? harya ngo plus le mensonge est gros, mieux on y croit ? Mais si vous apportez des faits probants, je changerai d\u2019avis.<\/p>\n Sebatware ati nakoresheje inama, Perefe wa Gitarama ntiyayizamo, ngiye kumureba nsanga yimuriwe muri ONACO, asize atwitse iyo Perefegitura. Sinzi uwo avuga uwo ariwe, kuko atanagararagaza ibyo avuga igihe byabereye, ngo atange n\u2019amazina. Icyo nshaka kuvuga \u00e0 ce sujet, ni uko Louis BIZINDOLI wagizwe DG wa ONACO ishingwa en juin 73, yahawe uwo mwanya avuye muri Pr\u00e9sidence ya Repubilika aho yari umujyananama wa Prezida. Nta mulimo yigeze ashingwa muri Gitarama. Kudeta yanyu yabaye ataramara umwaka arangije kwiga !!<\/p>\n Muri make, tugarutse kuri iki gitabo muri rusange, Ingero ni nyinshi zigaragaza ko Sebatware abererekera ukuli nkana, ku nyungu zo gusebya no gutesha agaciro uwamubereye Perezida n\u2019abo yita abaminstri na ba Ofisiye b\u2019i Gitarama. Sebatware na Bagenzi be barimo guhembera ibyo bakoze birimo kubahirimana.<\/p>\n Nyuma yo guteza imvururu mu gihugu, no gufata ubutegetsi bazitwaje, nyuma yo kwica abanyepolitiki bo mu Nduga babititrira izo mvururu n\u2019idi migambi y\u2019ubwicanyi, byari ngombwa muri iki gihe abanyarwanda barimo kugenda bamenya ukuli kubyabaye byose, ko haboneka umuntu usohora inyandiko nkiriya isubiramo kandi ishimangira disikuru ya kudeta. Sebatware, wawundi Prezida Kayibanda yibwiriye ati uri umugambanyi (byanditse mu gitabo cye), ni we wahawe cyangwa witiriwe uwo murimo.<\/p>\n Mugire amahoro.<\/p>\n Albert BIZINDOLI.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nifuje kugira icyo mvuga ku gitabo \u201cRuhengeli, territoire du Rwanda. Jadis, hier, aujourd\u2019hui\u201d cya Andereya Sebatware. Igice kimpagurukije ni icyo Sebatware yise \u00ab Crises Politiques \u00bb, (guhera kuri paji 119 kugeza kuya 165, igice gikubiye mu mutwe wa 9). Ni igice yageneye ibyo abona nk\u2019ibibazo byakuruye ihirikwa rya Repubulika ya mbere.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10949,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amateka"],"yoast_head":"\n
\n\u201cAudiences et entretiens se prolongeaient souvent jusque tard dans la nuit. Et son organisme avait fini par s\u2019en fatiguer durement et par en souffrir, l\u2019obligea plusieurs fois \u00e0 s\u2019aliter et m\u00eame parfois \u00e0 remettre l\u2019hebdomadaire conseil de gouvernement. Le pouvoir s\u2019en trouvait \u00e9videmment affaibli. Ce sont les termes personnels du pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda \u00bb (pg 127 AS).<\/p>\n
\nIcya mbere. Iyi nteruro \u00ab Ce sont les termes personnels du pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda \u00bb ni iyo Sebatware yiyongereyemo, ntayiri mu gitabo cya Baudouin Paternostre. Nyamara Sebatware yayishyize nayo muri guillemets, nko kumvisha abantu ko iri mu gitabo cya Paternostre, ibi akaba ari Prezida Kayibanda ubwe wabyivugiye.Si ukuli.<\/p>\n
\n\u00ab Les activit\u00e9s gouvernementales se poursuivaient intensivement, en l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1973, sous la conduite du Pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda. Et pour celui-ci le temps passait sans diminuer en rien ses innombrables activit\u00e9s\u2026 au contraire, sa volont\u00e9 d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9carter les r\u00e8gles du protocole, qu\u2019il consid\u00e9rait comme un obstacle aux contacts humains, contribuait \u00e0 alourdir sa t\u00e2che. Audiences et entretiens se prolongeaient souvent jusque tard dans la nuit. Et son organisme avait fini par s\u2019en fatiguer durement et par en souffrir, l\u2019obligeant plusieurs fois \u00e0 s\u2019aliter et m\u00eame parfois \u00e0 remettre l\u2019hebdomadaire conseil de gouvernement. Le pouvoir s\u2019en trouvait \u00e9videmment affaibli.\u00bb \u00a8BPM, pg 221<\/p>\n
\n\u00ab En fait le Pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda \u00e9tait r\u00e9ellement fatigu\u00e9, d\u2019abord par son travail de fourmi, avant, pendant et apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9volution de 1959, ensuite par son entourage qui l\u2019emp\u00eachait de dormir pendant la nuit et inconsciemment l\u2019obligeait \u00e0 garder le lit pendant la journ\u00e9e pour lui couper tout contact avec le reste du monde. Une information qu\u2019il confirmera personnellement dans son carnet de notes journali\u00e8res, apr\u00e8s le coup d\u2019\u00e9tat \u00bb. AS pg 150.<\/p>\n