1.Benshi mu banyarwanda bamaze kugera aho batagitangazwa n\u2019uburyo abakora ubucuruzi mu Rwanda bahomba umusubizo ari na ko abacuruzi bashya batazi akaga kabategereje binjira muri uwo mwuga. Bisa rwose n\u2019ibyabaye ibintu bisanzwe. Bamwe baranabyakiriye, n\u2019ubwo ari ku bw\u2019amaburakindi. Abandi bo byarabarenze maze biyemeza guhindura imirimo. Hari n\u2019abafashe icyemezo cyo gusuhuka bagamije gucururiza mu bihugu biyobowe na leta zidahombya ababikoreramo.<\/p>\n
2.Birumvikana ko hari impamvu nyinshi umuntu ashobora gucuruza ahomba. Ariko hari impamvu zo guhangayika kurushaho iyo ibihombo bitezwa na politiki za leta ubusanzwe ifite inshingano zo gufasha abacuruzi kwirinda ibihombo. Kubera ko leta ya FPR igendera ku ihame ry\u2019uko\u00a0bamwe baremewe kuba abacakara b\u2019abandi<\/span><\/em><\/strong>, ishyiraho za politiki n\u2019amategeko agamije kurobanura abakwiye gukora ubucuruzi bunguka (Intore butore) n\u2019abagomba kubukora bahomba (ba \u201cNsinangufi\u201d) ari nako ibanyunyuza imitsi kugeza bashizemo umwuka. Iyi nkuru yibanda ku kugaragaza ukuntu amategeko agena uburyo abakora ubucuruzi buciriritse batanga umusoro utaziguye ku musaruro agamije guhombya nkana abacuruzi batarenza amafaranga\u00a020,000,000<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0y\u2019igicuruzo ku mwaka (ari nabo biganjemo abatari intore butore). Hakoreshejwe urugero rwa MTN, iyi nkuru iranerekana uburyo za Kompanyi zikomeye, akenshi ziba ari iza FPR mu buryo busesuye, izifitemo imigabane cyangwa ari iz\u2019abafatanyabikorwa bayo, zitumirira abantu gucuruza ibicuruzwa byazo ku biciro zizi neza ko bihombya ababyitabiriye.<\/p>\n 3.Ubusanzwe, umucuruzi atanga umusoro ku musaruro aba yakuye mu mirimo ye y\u2019ubucuruzi agendeye ku ihame ry\u2019uko\u00a0iyo bigaragaye ko atungutse, nta musoro yishyura<\/em><\/strong>. Iyo ari uko bimeze abacuruzi bakora umurimo wabo mu bwisanzure kandi batekanye. Ikibabaje ariko, si ko bimeze ubu mu Rwanda kuko umusoro w\u2019abakora ubucuruzi buciriritse utabarirwa ku ngano y\u2019amafaranga bungutse, ahubwo ugenwa hashingiwe ku mubare w\u2019amafaranga bacuruje mu mwaka (\u201cchiffre d\u2019affaires annuel\u201d, mu gifaransa, cyangwa \u201cannual turnover\u201d, mu cyongereza), mu buryo bubaganisha mu gihombo bidasubirwaho.<\/p>\n 4.Itegeko n\u00b0 16\/2005 ryo ku wa 18\/08\/2005 rigena imisoro itaziguye ku musaruro (ryuzuzwa n\u2019Itegeko n\u00b073\/2008 ryo kuwa 31\/12\/2008), mu ngingo yaryo ya 11, igika cya 2, riteganya ko \u201cUmusoro ucishirije, ungana n\u2019ane ku ijana (4 %) y\u2019ibyacurujwe mu mwaka, utangwa na ba nyir\u2019ibikorwa biciriritse<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em>\u201d \u2013ingingo ya 2 yo igira iti:\u00a0\u201c<\/strong>\u201cibikorwa biciriritse\u201d bivuga imirimo y\u2019ubucuruzi ibyara amafaranga yacurujwe ari munsi ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000) kuri buri gihe cy\u2019umusoro.<\/em><\/strong>\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n 5.Hari uwatekereza ko ayo mafaranga 4 % ku gicuruzo atari menshi ku buryo yahombya umuntu. Ariko si ko biri. Reka tubisuzume twifashishije urugero rukurikira.<\/p>\n Tuvuge ko ikiguzi n\u2019igiciro by\u2019amadevise bimaze umwaka bidahinduka, maze utekereze uko byari kugenda iyo uza kuba umuvunjayi maze ukaba waragiye ugura amadolari 70 buri munsi (ku mafaranga y\u2019u Rwanda 790.54 buri dolari) kandi ukagira amahirwe yo guhita ubona abo uyagurisha uwo munsi, ku giciro cy\u2019amafaranga y\u2019u Rwanda 806.35 kuri buri rimwe.1<\/sup><\/p>\n \u00a06.<\/sup>Mu gihe cy\u2019umwaka, uramutse warihaye konji y\u2019iminsi 13-14, igishoro cyawe cyari kuba cyariyongereye kikava ku mafaranga y\u2019u Rwanda 19,500,000 watangiriyeho kikagera ku mafaranga 19,890,000 (ni ukuvuga inyongera ya 1.96 %). Umaze kwishyura umusoro ungana na 4 % kuri icyo gicuruzo (ni ukuvuga amafaranga y\u2019 u Rwanda 795,600) wari gusigarana amafaranga 19,094,400; bivuga ko wari kuba wamaze kugwa mu gihombo cy\u2019amafaranga 405,600. Zirikana ko wari kuba utariyishyura umushahara wawe w\u2019umwaka cyangwa ngo ukuremo andi mafaranga wakoresheje kugirango ubucuruzi bwawe bushoboke cyangwa ayo wagujije ngo uzibe icyuho cy\u2019ayo abajura bakwibye. Ibyo bindi ubyirengagije gusa ukihemba umushahara w\u2019amafaranga 360,000, igishoro cyawe cyari kuba cyaragabanutseho 3.9%, ukaba usigaranye atarenga 18,734,400 muri 19,500,000 watangiranye. Birumvikana ko amarira yari kuba ari menshi kuri wowe n\u2019abawe, ariko leta ya FPR yo yari kuba yarakuyemo ayayo! Iyo abo bireba atari intore butore, ihame ryayo ry\u2019imiyoborere ni\u00a0\u201cNYUNYUZA UJUGUNYA<\/strong>\u201d (tugenekereje twabyita \u201cSUCK AND SACK,\u201d mu rurimi rw\u2019icyongereza).<\/p>\n 7.Reka dufate urundi rugero. Reka noneho tuvuge ko iby\u2019ubuvunjayi utabikunze cyangwa wari mu mimerere itakwemerera kubikora, maze ukihitiramo gucuruza udukarita twa airtime za MTN. Iyo uba waracuruje udukarita twa airtime 39,776 mu mwaka (ni ukuvuga udukarita 113 buri munsi) ukiha na konji y\u2019iminsi 13-14 mu mwaka, igishoro cyawe cyari kuba cyarazamutse kikagera kuri 20,335,000 (arimo igicuruzo cy\u2019umwaka cya 19,888,000).2<\/sup>\u00a0Umaze gusora 4 % kuri icyo gicuruzo, wari gusigarana 19,540,000. Wakuramo ayo wihembye 360,000 ugasigarana atarenga 19,180,000 muri 19,500,000 watangiranye (ni ukuvuga igihombo cy\u2019amafaranga y\u2019u Rwanda 320,000). Ibyo bivuga ko wirengagije ibindi byose, hakubiyemo ayo wishyuye ipatanti (30,000) n\u2019inyungu ya 15 % ku nguzanyo ya banki (2,925,000),3<\/sup>\u00a0ayo ushyira mu isanduku y\u2019umurenge y\u2019isuku (36,000 mu mwaka) n\u2019ay\u2019umutekano w\u2019aho ucururiza (12,000 \u2013 36,000 ku mwaka). Kuri ayo hiyongeraho imisanzu uha ishyaka FPR (tuvuge 2,000 buri kwezi) n\u2019ayo utanga mu kigega Agaciro Development Fund nk\u2019umucuruzi (wenda nka 30,000). Uyateranyije yose usanga ahwanye n\u2019amafaranga 3,057,000; wayakura mu yo wari wasigaranye, igihombo kikazamuka kikagera kuri 17.3% (ni ukuvuga igihombo cy\u2019amafaranga 3,377,000). Ibyo bivuga ko mu by\u2019ukuri nta faranga na rimwe usigaranye ku mufuka kuko n\u2019ubundi igishoro wari wakigujije muri banki. Ahubwo ufitiye banki umwenda udashobora kwishyura, ungana n\u2019ayo 17.3 % y\u2019igishoro yari yakugurije (ni ukuvuga umwenda w\u2019amafaranga 3,377,000). Waba utegereje gusa ko banki iza guteza icyamunara inzu yawe cyangwa undi mutungo wari watanzeho ingwate ngo yiyishyure umwenda uyirimo.<\/p>\n 8.Ingero zaba nyinshi. Igicuruzwa cyose urangura ku mafaranga 1,000 ukagicuruza ku mafaranga ari munsi ya 1,250-1,300 (ni ukuvuga inyongera ya 25-30 % ku kiranguzo) cyaguhombya mu kanya nk\u2019ako guhumbya niba ucuruza ayo wagujije muri banki kandi ukaba wishyura umusoro wa 4 % ku gicuruzo \u2013Zirikana ko ibicuruzwa byunguka gutyo ari mbarwa cyane kandi ko bifite inenge yo kutihuta mu migurirwe yabyo kuko bigira abakiliya bakeya. By\u2019umwihariko, tekereza amafaranga abacuruza umuriro w\u2019amashanyarazi wa REG bafata kuri buri KWh, ndetse n\u2019uko umufuka wa sima (cement) cyangwa ikarito y\u2019isabune ifurishwa imyenda byunguka. Nanone, gira amatsiko yo kumenya amafaranga umufuka w\u2019umunyu, uw\u2019isukari n\u2019uw\u2019umuceri cyangwa ikidomoro (bidon, jercan) cy\u2019amavuta yo guteka byungura abo ubigura nabo. Gerageza nanone kwiyumvisha uburyo umufuka w\u2019ifarini w\u2019ibiro 50 uba uhagaze 16,000 maze ugacuruzwa ku mafaranga 16,200, byakabya akaba 16300! Uratekereza ko watera kabiri utarahomba? Oya rwose. Inyungu y\u2019amafaranga 200 cyangwa 300 kuri buri 16,200 cyangwa 16,300 wakiriye ni make cyane ku mucuruzi uri mu cyiciro cy\u2019abishyura umusoro ungana na 4 % y\u2019igicuruzo, bikaba agahomamunwa mu gihe ukoresha amafaranga wagujije muri banki. N\u2019ubwo wacuruza amakontineri (contenaires) n\u2019amakontineri, wongere uti amakontineri n\u2019amakontineri, maze ukishyura umusoro ungana 4 % y\u2019igicuruzo,NTUSHOBORA KUDAHOMBA.<\/strong><\/p>\n 9.Ba \u201cnsinangufi\u201d b\u2019abatindi, abakene n\u2019abakishakisha, baba abakora ubuhinzi, abacuruza cyangwa abari mu bukorikori, bahonyozwa amategeko abakumira mu iterambere n\u2019abashora mu bihombo. Ni koko, uko umuntu akomeza gukorera iyo mirimo mu Rwanda ruyobowe n\u2019ishyaka FPR, kandi akaba atiyizi nk\u2019intore butore cyangwa ngo nibura abe ari intyoza mu guhakwa yaranamaramarije kuba inkomamashyi (agamije kwishyira mu mimerere yatuma intore butore zihitamo kumurinda ibihombo mu gihe runaka), ni ko imitungo ye igenda imushiraho, maze amaherezo agafasha hasi imyambaro akiruka ku gasozi, nk\u2019uko byagendekeye BAGABOBARENGANYWA n\u2019abandi batari bake.4<\/sup>\u00a0We afite n\u2019umwihariko w\u2019uko ubusanzwe yari yarakoze ibitangaza kuko, mu gihe FPR itari yagashoye akaboko kayo mu by\u2019ibigori, imirima, amashyamba n\u2019ibibanza, Bagabobarenganywa yari yarashoboye gukorana umwete n\u2019ubutwari maze atsinda imbogamizi z\u2019ubumuga yakuranye agera ubwo yegeranya igishoro cyari gihagije ngo atangire ubucuruzi bwa butike. Uko iminsi yagiye ihita ni ko leta ya FPR yagiye ishyiraho politiki n\u2019amategeko atambamira imyungukire mu nzego zose z\u2019imirimo ndetse ahatari hake ikora ku buryo abinjiye mu mirimo runaka bisanga barahisemo inzira ibashora mu\u00a0bihombo \u201cprogramm\u00e9s.\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Bidatinze, Bagabobarenganywa yisanze mu gihombo yateguriwe n\u2019abacurabwenge ba FPR, ibye bitezwa icyamura, ishema yahoranye nk\u2019uwihangiye umurimo rirayoyoka, amaherezo arerura yiruka ku gasozi.<\/p>\n 10.Hari ubundi buryo bwinshi butavuzwe muri iyi nkuru leta ya FPR ihigikamo abacuruzi, bukubiyemo:<\/p>\n *kuvana Taxis mini-bus zo mu bwoko bwa Hiace mu mihanda<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0n\u2019iyo zisigayemo ba nyirazo bagahatirwa kwegamira ku mashyirahamwe batazi neza uko acungwa nka RFTC;<\/p>\n *guhanika umusoro kuri za \u201ccaguwa<\/em><\/strong>\u201d hagamijwe gukenesha abazicuruzaga n\u2019abaziguraga;<\/p>\n *guhagarika abanyonzi b\u2019amagare<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0akora taxi<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0kugirango bahatire rubanda kwishakamo ayo kwishyura amatike muri za coaster z\u2019intore butore n\u2019abacinyankoro ba FPR (abanyonzi bongeye gukomorerwa hafi y\u2019impera za 2014, uko bigaragara, ku mpamvu z\u2019ihindurwa ry\u2019itegekonshinga ryo muri 2015, dore ko banagize uruhare rukomeye mu karasisi ko gusaba ko rihindurwa ngo Paul Kagame ahabwe uburenganzira bwo gukomeza gutegeka, we utuma amagare agenda, akavubira abahinzi imvura, kandi bakwitega ko igihe azaba atakibakeneye bazongera bagakumirwa);\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n *gukoresha ingufu za leta mu gufunga amazu asanzwe akorerwamo n\u2019abucuruzi<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0nk\u2019uko byagendekeye abakoreraga ahitwa \u201cmu cyarabu\u201d i Huye hagamijwe guhombya ba nyir\u2019ayo mazu, kubonera abaherwe abakodesha imiturirwa yabo no kubashakira ibindi bibanza byo kubakamo amagorofa (zirikana ko bamwe muri ba nyir\u2019ugufungirwa amazu bananirwa kubaka ibigezweho maze bagahatirwa kugurisha ibibanza abifite cyangwa bakabyamburwa);<\/p>\n *gukuraho amasoko bacururizagamo kandi ntibahabwe imyanya mu masoko mashya<\/em><\/strong>;<\/p>\n *no kubuza abasanzwe barangura umusaruro w\u2019ibihingwa hagamijwe kwegurira isoko umuntu umwe mu karere cyangwa mu turere twinshi\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(ibi bituma uwahariwe isoko yishyiriraho ikiguzi kibereye inyungu yifuza, agahombya abaturage nta nkomyi).<\/p>\n 11.Nguko uko\u00a0ABIYUMVAMO KO BARUSHA ABANDI UBUNYARWANDA<\/strong>\u00a0(Intore butore) barushaho kujya mbere, mu gihe ba\u00a0\u201cNSINANGUFI\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0barushaho gutindahara ari na ko birushaho kugaragara ko icyo benshi bafata\u00a0nk\u2019IGITONYANGA KIVOMVWA MU NGUNGURU BAGAMIJE KUYIKAMYA\u00a0<\/strong>mu by\u2019ukuri atari igitonyanga, ahubwo ari ibicuba bigamije kwihutisha irimburwa rya ba rubanda nyamwishi. Amaherezo abiringiraga kuzagobokwa n\u2019ubwinshi bwabo bazisanga ari ba NYAMUKE kandi BARATINDAHAJWE, maze Intore butore zibyite\u00a0kugabanya ubukene<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0zinabiherwe\u00a0IBIKOMBE n\u2019IMIDARI<\/strong>\u00a0mu ruhando rw\u2019amahanga, n\u2019abarokotse bitwe\u00a0\u201cABASIGAJWE INYUMA N\u2019AMATEKA,\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0nk\u2019aho amateka ari umuntu ngo abe ariyo afite imyumvire n\u2019imigirire bisigaza abandi inyuma!<\/p>\n 12.Niba waraminuje cyangwa utarize bene ayo mashuri ahanitse ariko ukaba wifitiye impano karemano idasanzwe, waba warahombejwe na leta ya FPR mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, Imana yarayikurinze kugeza ubu ariko ukaba utazi niba utari mu batahiwe cyangwa rwose wiyumvamo umuhamagaro wo kwifatanya n\u2019abababaye n\u2019aho wowe waba usa n\u2019aho uri ntakorwaho, zirikana ko abantu nkawe ari bake mu iyi isi ya Rurema nk\u2019uko ubwiza na zahabu bitaba sesabayore. Wikwangiza impano yawe; wigurisha ubwiza bwawe umutanyu w\u2019igitenge n\u2019umunyenga mu ivatiri cyangwa ngo ugurane ubwenge bwawe amadegede n\u2019ikidari. Impano yawe yishakishe UMUDENDEZO, UBWISANZURE n\u2019AMAHIRWE ANGANA kuri bose.<\/p>\n 13.Kubera ko impano yawe ishobora gufasha abandi gutahura vuba na bwangu imigambi mibisha ya FPR cyangwa ikabaha amikoro yo kubigeraho, ihutire kwibohora wowe ubwawe maze ujye mu mimerere yatuma ukoresha neza kurushaho iyo mpano mu gufasha abandi kwibohora ku ngoyi ya FPR. Zirikana ko n\u2019ubwo imodoka yaba ifite moteur ikora neza byahebuje idashobora gukora urugendo itagira amapine n\u2019ibijyanye nayo. N\u2019aho ibyo byaba bihari, kuyiyobora byagorana iramutse idafite Volant n\u2019ibindi. Inakenera lisansi iyiha imbaraga. Ni koko, imodoka ikenera ibintu byinshi kandi byose by\u2019ingenzi mu mikorere yayo. Impano yawe nayo ishobora gutanga umusaruro urenze uwo wari uyitezeho iramutse yiyunze ku mpano z\u2019abandi hagamijwe kwibohora kuruta uko wakomeza kuyiharira cyangwa kuyipfusha ubusa uyishyigikiza leta ya FPR yiyemeje guhonyora rubanda.<\/p>\n 14.Witinda rero cyangwa ngo witinye; nta gushidikanya ko uri igisubizo n\u2019ISHEMA rya rubanda niba wiyemeje kuba mu ruhande rw\u2019abababaye, atari mu buryo bwo kwiyemeza kubibaberamo bo bituramiye, ahubwo mu buryo bwo kubasangiza (nk\u2019abamaze kwinjira mu rugendo rwo kwibohora) impano yawe idasanzwe, yaba ari iyo muri muzika, muri politiki, mu buvuzi, mu by\u2019umutekano n\u2019ibindi.<\/p>\n Jean Leonard Seburanga<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n *Seburanga J. Leonard ni umwalimu wahindutse impirimbanyi, umwenegihugu wahindutse impunzi, rubanda rugufi wiyemeje gukora politiki. Inyandiko z\u2019ubushakashatsi yakoze zigaragara mu bitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, birimo ibitangazwa na Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis n\u2019abandi. Yigishaga akanakora ubushakashatsi muri Kaminuza y\u2019u Rwanda kugeza ahunze ubutegetsi bw\u2019igitugu mu Ugushyingo 2015. Ubu aba mu gihugu cy\u2019u Bubiligi.<\/em><\/p>\n NOTES<\/strong><\/p>\n 1<\/sup>Ku ya 12 Kanama 2016, ikiguzi cy\u2019idolari ry\u2019Amerika cyari amafaranga y\u2019u Rwanda 790.54 (kurigura cyangwa \u201cbuying\u201d mu cyongereza), n\u2019aho igiciro cyaryo ari amafaranga y\u2019u Rwanda 806.35 (kurigurisha cyangwa \u201cselling\u201d, mu cyongereza). Byakuwe kuri <<http:\/\/www.bnr.rw\/index.php?id=89&tx_excratearch_excratearch%5Baction%5D=&tx_excratearch_excratearch%5Bcontroller%5D=ExchRateArchive&cHash=ee79272d4dce48107697c3ef24328f01<\/a>(accessed August 13, 2016)>>.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.therwandan.com\/ki\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/09\/Seburanga-150x150.jpg\")