Mu myandikire y\u2019amateka ayariyo yose, amatariki y\u2019ingenzi ku byabaye ni ngombwa. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane mu Rwanda, mu gihe ubutegetsi bwagiyeho kuva muri 1994, bwakoze kandi na n\u2019ubu bugikomeza gukora ibishoboka byose, – birimo no gucura ibinyoma mu guhimba amateka, kugirango ibireba igihugu byose byandikwe kandi bimenyekane mu buryo buboneye imitegekere yabwo.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
Aya matariki y\u2019amateka atangajwe kugirango akosore bimwe mu bivugwa muri iki gihe, uko amateka yarazwi kugeza muri 1994, no kuzuza amateka amwe ya nyuma y\u2019iyi tariki mu buryo atangazwa, cyangwa se ntiyitabweho n\u2019ubutegetsi buriho, kubera inyungu zabwo.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
1900<\/i><\/b> – Abapadiri Bera bemerewe gukorera mu Rwanda, bajya gutura mu majyepfo, ahitwa i Save.<\/i><\/p>\n
1916<\/i><\/b> – Ububiligi, bumaze gutsinda ingabo z\u2019abadage mu ntambara ya mbere y\u2019isi yose, bwigaruriye akarere ka Ruanda-Urundi.<\/i><\/p>\n
28\/06\/1919<\/i><\/b> – Abadage basinye amasezerano y\u2019i Versailles. Nyuma y\u2019ibisa neza no kumvikana nk\u2019abacuruza ibintu, Ababiligi begukanye gushingwa u Ruanda n\u2019u Burundi.<\/i><\/p>\n
21\/1919<\/i><\/b> – Inama nkuru y\u2019umuryango w\u2019ibihugu byifatanyije (Societe des Nations) yemeje ku mugaragaro iragizwa ry\u2019u Ruanda n\u2019u Burundi u Bubiligi.<\/i><\/p>\n
1923<\/i><\/b> – Umuryango w\u2019ibihugu byifatanyije wahaye u Bubiligi ububasha bwo kuyobora Ruanda-Urundi.<\/i><\/p>\n
1925<\/i><\/b> – U Bubiligi bwashyize hamwe imiyoborere ya Ruanda-Urundi n\u2019iya Kongo mbiligi (Republika iharanira demokrasi ya Kongo y\u2019ubu).<\/i><\/p>\n
16\/11\/1931<\/i><\/b> – Ububiligi bwimitse kugahato umwami w\u2019umukristu, Mutara III Rudahigwa, bumaze gucira se Musinga i Kamembe. Hashyizweho kandi ibitabo biranga umuntu, harimo umwirondoro werekana ubwoko muntu abarizwamo, aribwo Hutu, Tutsi na Twa.<\/i><\/p>\n
13\/12\/1946<\/i><\/b> – Umuryango w\u2019abibumbye n\u2019u Bubiligi basinyanye amasezerano yashyiraga Ruanda-Urundi mu rwego rw\u2019indagizo. Ayo masezerano yemejwe kandi n\u2019abadepite b\u2019u Bubiligi.<\/i><\/p>\n
27\/10\/1946<\/i><\/b> – Umwamwi Mutara III Rudahigwa yatuye uRuanda Kristu Umwami.<\/i><\/p>\n
24\/03\/1957<\/i><\/b> – Manifeste y\u2019abahutu yamaganye ububasha n\u2019ibintu bikabije byihariwe n\u2019ingoma ntutsi kandi bishyigikiwe n\u2019ubutegetsi bw\u2019ababiligi; isaba ubureshyeshye mu rwego rwa politiki, ubukungu no gushobora kwiga.<\/i><\/p>\n
Ibaruwa y\u2019abagaragu bakuru b\u2019i Bwami bemeza ko nta kibazo Hutu-Tutsi kiriho.<\/i><\/p>\n
03\/09\/1959 \u2013 <\/i><\/b>Ishingwa ry\u2019ishyaka UNAR (Union Nationale Rwandaise) ryari rishyigikiye ubwami kandi rigaharanira ubwigenge busesuye vuba.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n 18\/10\/1959 <\/i><\/b>\u2013 Ishyingwa ry\u2019ishyaka PARMEHUTU (Parti de l\u2019emancipation du menu peuple hutu) ryaharaniraga kurenganura abahutu no kubona ubwigenge busesuye nyuma y\u2019uko akarengane kavuyeho.<\/i><\/p>\n 01\/11\/1959 <\/i><\/b>– Insoresore z\u2019abatutsi zakubise Dominiko Mbonyumutwa, wari umwe mu baharaniraga kurenganura abahutu, nuko biba intandaro ya revolusiyo yakuyeho ubwami. Abantu benshi bari bashyigikiye ingoma ya cyami, cyane cyane abatutsi bari bafite ubutegetsi, bahungiye mu bihugu bihana imbibi n\u2019uRwanda.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n 30\/07\/1960 <\/i><\/b>\u2013 Habaye amatora y\u2019abakonseye. Muri ayo matora, PARMEHUTU yegukanye amajwi angana na 70%, naho UNAR ibona 2% gusa, andi mashyaka (APROSOMA na RADER ndetse na AREDETWA abona ibice bisigaye.[3]<\/i><\/p>\n 28\/01\/1961 <\/i><\/b>– Kongre y\u2019i Gitarama yarimo abakonseye n\u2019ababurgumestre batowe kuwa 30\/07\/1960, yaciye ubwami ishyiraho repubulika y\u2019u Rwanda n\u2019ibirangantego byayo. Mbonyumutwa Dominiko yatorewe kuba perezida wa repubulika y\u2019agateganyo, Kayibanda Geregori aba minisitiri w\u2019intebe, naho Gitera Habyarimana Yozefu atorerwa kuba umukuru w\u2019inama nshingamategeko.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n 25\/09\/1961 <\/i><\/b>– LONI yakoresheje amatora ya Kamarampaka yaciye burundu ubwami, agahamya ishyirwaho rya repubulika.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n 26\/10\/1961 <\/i><\/b>– Kayibanda Gregori wo mw\u2019ishyaka PARMEHUTU yatorewe kuba perezida wa repubulika ya mbere, asimbura perezida w\u2019agateganyo Mbonyumutwa Dominiko.<\/i><\/p>\n 01\/07\/1962 <\/i><\/b>– Indepandansi y\u2019u Rwanda n\u2019u Burundi.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n 1963 – <\/i><\/b>Inyenzi (Ingangurago Ziyemeje Kujya Imbere) zateye u Rwanda zishaka guhirika inzego za repubulika, zihagarikwa n\u2019ingabo z\u2019u Rwanda ku Kanzenze. Ibindi bitero byazo byabaye muri 1964, 1966 na 1967.<\/i><\/p>\n 1965 – <\/i><\/b>Perezida Kayibanda amaze kongera gutorwa yemejeko PARMEHUTU ariryo shyaka ryonyine ryemewe. Habyarimana Yuvenali yashinzwe kuyobora ministeri y\u2019ingabo n\u2019abapolisi b\u2019igihugu.<\/i><\/p>\n 1969 –<\/i><\/b> Kayibanda yongeye gutorwa ubwa gatatu; yahinduye izina ry\u2019ishyaka PARMEHUTU aryita PARMEHUTU Urugaga Ruharanira Demokrasi na Republika.<\/i><\/p>\n 02\/1973 – <\/i><\/b>Ishyirwaho ry\u2019imibare ntarengwa y\u2019abatutsi n\u2019abahutu mu mashuli no mu kazi ka Leta. [4]<\/i><\/p>\n 18\/05\/1973 – <\/i><\/b>Itegeko nshinga rivuguruye ryemerera prerezida kuba yakwiyamamaza inshuro ashaka ubuziraherezo.<\/i><\/p>\n 05\/07\/1973 – <\/i><\/b>Abasilikari bakuru b\u2019igihugu bayobowe na Jenerali Majoro Habyarimana Yuvenali bakoze kudeta bavanaho ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda.<\/i><\/p>\n 01\/08\/1973 – <\/i><\/b>Jenerali Majoro Habyarimana Yuvenali yatangaje umurongo rusange wa politiki w\u2019ubutegetsi bwe, anashyiraho guverinoma ye yambere igizwe n\u2019abaministri 14.<\/i><\/p>\n 02\/02\/1974<\/i><\/b> – Prezida Habyarimana yatangije gahunda y\u2019umuganda mu rwego rw\u2019igihugu.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n 05\/07\/1975<\/i><\/b> – Ishingwa ry\u2019ishyaka MRND, ryari ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rihuriwemo n\u2019abanyarwanda bose.<\/i><\/p>\n 16\/12\/1976<\/i><\/b> \u2013 Urupfu rwa Perezida Kayibanda Geregori i Kavumu (Gitarama).<\/i><\/p>\n 17\/12\/1978. <\/i><\/b>Itegekoshinga rivuguruwe ryaratoreshejwe muri referendum riremezwa. Ryemezako MRND ariryo shyaka rimwe rukumbi ryemewe. Buri munyarwanda aribamo ntaguhitamo.<\/i><\/p>\n 24\/12\/1978<\/i><\/b> – Itora rya perezida rya mbere muri republika ya kabiri. Habyarimana wari kandida wenyine yatowe ku bwiganze bw\u2019amajwi arenga 99%.<\/i><\/p>\n 1979<\/i><\/b> – Abahoze muri UNAR bari barahunze muri za 1960, bashinze Ihuriro ry\u2019igihugu nyarwanda (RANU – Rwandese National Union) muri Kenya. Niryo ryaje guhindukamo FPR.<\/i><\/p>\n 04\/1980<\/i><\/b> – Kudeta iyobowe na Major Lizinde Theoneste wayoboraga iperereza mu gihugu, afatanyije n\u2019uwahoze ari umukuru wa Banki y\u2019igihugu, Birara Jean Berchmans, hamwe na Koloneli Kanyarengwe Alegisi yaje gupfuba. Impamvu z\u2019iyo kudeta ngo kwari ukubera ikimenyane Habyarimana yakoreshaga ashyira igorora abatutsi, no guta umurongo w\u2019abarwanyije ingoma ya cyami.<\/i><\/p>\n 31\/12\/1980 –<\/i><\/b> Koloneli Kanyarengwe Alegisi yahungiye muri Tanzaniya, aho FPR yamusanze ikamugira Chairman wayo igiye gutera u Rwanda muri 1990.<\/i><\/p>\n 06\/02\/1981<\/i><\/b> – Mu Buganda Yoweri Museveni yatangije imirwano y\u2019inyeshyamba zarwanyaga ubutegetsi bwa Milton Obote, zirimo abaje kuyobora nyuma FPR, aribo Rwigema Fred na Kagame Paul.<\/i><\/p>\n 10\/1982 <\/i><\/b>– Perezida wa Uganda Milton Obote yirukanye ku butaka bw\u2019igihugu cye impunzi z\u2019abanyarwanda zigera mu bihumbi 80.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n 28\/12\/1982<\/i><\/b> – Habaye amatora y\u2019abadepite bo guhagararira abaturage mu nteko y\u2019igihugu iharanira amajyambere (CND).<\/i><\/p>\n 19\/12\/1983<\/i><\/b> – Perezida Habyarimana yarongeye atorerwa kuyobora igihugu n\u2019amajwi 99%.<\/i><\/p>\n 26\/01\/1986<\/i><\/b> –\u00a0 <\/span>Inyeshyamba za NRA ziyobowe na Museveni zavanye Milton Obote ku butegetsi muri Uganda.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n 01\/07\/1987<\/i><\/b> – Hijihijwe isabukuru y\u2019imyaka 25 ya indepandansi y\u2019u Rwanda.<\/i><\/p>\n 12\/1987 <\/i><\/b>– RANU yahinduye izina yitwa noneho Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). <\/i>05\/02\/1988<\/i><\/b> – Perezida Habyarimana Yuvenali na Yoweri Museveni wa Uganda bahuriye i Semuto mu Buganda, bashyiraho komite yo mu rwego rw\u2019abaministiri b\u2019ibihugu byombi, yo kwiga no gushakira ibisubizo ikibazo cy\u2019impunzi z\u2019abanyarwanda.<\/i><\/p>\n 17-20\/08\/1988 <\/i><\/b>– Muri kongre y\u2019abatutsi baba mu mahanga yabereye i Washingtoni, RANU imaze guhinduka RPF, hashimangiwe umugambi wo gufata ubutegetsi mu Rwanda ku ngufu.<\/i><\/p>\n 08\/1988 <\/i><\/b>– Mu majyaruguru y\u2019u Burundi, muri Ntega\u00a0 <\/span>na Marangara, ubutegetsi bugizwe n\u2019abasilikari b\u2019abatutsi bwishe abaturage b\u2019abahutu bagera kuri 20.000; abahunze bagana mu Rwanda, mu gace ka Butare, bageraga ku bihumbi 60.<\/i><\/p>\n 19\/12\/1988<\/i><\/b> – Perezida Habyarimana yongeye gutorwa, agira amajwi 99.98%.<\/i><\/p>\n 19-21\/06\/1990<\/i><\/b> – Mu nama y\u2019abakuru b\u2019ibihugu bivuga igifaransa y\u2019i La Baule, perezida Mitterand Fransisko w\u2019u Bufransa yabwiye abayobozi b\u2019ibihugu by\u2019Afrika bifitanye n\u2019u Bufransa umubano wihariye ko impfashanyo zabwo kuva icyo gihe zizajya zijyana n\u2019urwego ibyo bihugu bitera muri demokrasi.<\/i><\/p>\n 01\/09\/1990 <\/i><\/b>– Inyandiko yitwa \u201cPour le multipartisme et la democratie,\u201d yitiriwe abanyabwenge 33 b\u2019abanyarwanda bari bayisinye igenewe prezida wa Republika yasohotse mu binyamakuru.[6]<\/i><\/p>\n 01\/10\/1990<\/i><\/b> – Inkotanyi zigize umutwe w\u2019abarwanyi ba FPR bateye u Rwanda baturutse mu Buganda, bafashijwe n\u2019ingabo za Uganda NRA.<\/i><\/p>\n 02\/10\/1990 <\/i><\/b>– Umugaba w\u2019ingabo za FPR, Rwigema Fred, yarishwe.<\/i><\/p>\n 02-06\/10\/1990<\/i><\/b> – Abantu bagera kuri 6.000 barafunzwe, baregwa kuba ibyitso bya FPR.<\/i><\/p>\n 01\/1991<\/i><\/b> – Inkotanyi zateye mu Ruhengeri ziturutse mu birunga bya Gahinga na Muhabura, zifungura imfungwa 1.566 zari muri prizo ya Ruhengeri. Mubo zatwaye harimo Majoro Lizinde Theoneste na Komanda Biseruka Stanislasi.<\/i><\/p>\n 18\/06\/1991<\/i><\/b> – Itegeko ryemera amashyaka menshi ryashyizweho umukono na perezida Habyarimana.<\/i><\/p>\n 13\/10\/1991<\/i><\/b> – Ministri w\u2019Intebe Nsanzimana Sylvestre wo mw\u2019ishyaka MRNDD yashyizweho kugirango ashyireho guverinoma ihuriweho n\u2019amashyaka menshi.[7] Yaje gushyiraho guverinoma ye kuya 30\/12\/1991 yarihuriweho n\u2019amashyaka MRNDD na PDC.[8]<\/i><\/p>\n 12\/04\/1992<\/i><\/b> – Guverinoma ihuriweho n\u2019amashyaka MRND, MDR, PL, PSD na PDC yagiyeho, iyoborwa na Ministri w\u2019intebe Nsengiyaremye Dismas wo muri MDR.<\/i><\/p>\n 05\/1992<\/i><\/b> – Inkotanyi zateye igitero gikomeye mu majyaruguru y\u2019u Rwanda; zibasha gushinga ibirindiro ku butaka bw\u2019u Rwanda. Abaturage benshi zahasanze zarabishe, abandi bagera kuri 350.000 zibavana mu byabo, baba impunzi mu gihugu cyabo.<\/i><\/p>\n 28\/05 – 04\/06\/1992 <\/i><\/b>– Amashyaka atavuga rumwe na MRND yasinyanye na FPR mu Bubiligi amasezerano y\u2019ubufatanye mu gukuraho ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana.<\/i><\/p>\n 09\/1992 <\/i><\/b>– Arusha muri Tanzaniya hatangijwe imishyikirano y\u2019amahoro no kugabana ubutegetsi hagati ya Leta y\u2019u Rwanda na FPR.<\/i><\/p>\n 08\/02\/1993<\/i><\/b> – FPR\/ Inkotanyi zateye igitero simusiga gihagarikirwa hafi ya Kigali, umurwa mukuru w\u2019u Rwanda. Icyo gitero cyatumye abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni bo muri Ruhengeri na Byumba bava mu byabo baza mu nkegero za Kigali muri Nyacyonga.<\/i><\/p>\n 18\/05\/1993<\/i><\/b> – Gapyisi Emanweri, umwe mu bagize biro politiki ya MDR,\u00a0 <\/span>wayoboraga komisiyo y\u2019iteganyamigambi y\u2019ishyaka, akaba yari no kw\u2019isonga ry\u2019urugaga rugamije amahoro na demokrasi \u201cforum paix et democracie\u201d yari yarashinze, yishwe na FPR arasiwe imbere y\u2019iwe mu mugi wa Kigali.<\/i><\/p>\n 01\/06\/1993 <\/i><\/b>– Mu Burundi Ndadaye Melchior yatowe ku bwiganze bw\u2019amajwi 64,75%, aba umuprezida wa mbere w\u2019umuhutu mur\u2019icyo gihugu. Ishyaka rye FRODEBU ryegukanye kandi amajwi 71,41%\u00a0 <\/span>mu matora y\u2019abadepite.<\/i><\/p>\n 05\/07\/1993<\/i><\/b> – Kongre ya MRND yatoreye Ngirumpatse Matayo kuba umukuru w\u2019ishyaka.<\/i><\/p>\n 18\/07\/1993<\/i><\/b> – Uwiringiyimana Agata yabaye ministri w\u2019intebe wa guverinoma ihuriweho n\u2019amashyaka menshi.<\/i><\/p>\n 04\/08\/1993<\/i><\/b> – Amasezerano ya Arusha yashyizweyo umukono n\u2019impande zombi.<\/i><\/p>\n 21\/10\/1993<\/i><\/b> – Habaye kudeta mu Burundi, perezida Ndadaye Melchior yicwa urwagashinyaguro. Imvururu zakurikiye zaguyemo abantu ibihumbi n\u2019ibihumbi, abandi nabo benshi bahungira mu bihugu bikikije uBurundi birimo u Rwanda.<\/i><\/p>\n 01\/11\/1993<\/i><\/b> – Ingabo za MINUAR (umutwe woherejwe na LONI mu gufasha gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y\u2019amahoro yari yasinyiwe Arusha kuya 04\/08\/1993) zageze mu Rwanda.<\/i><\/p>\n 28\/12\/1993<\/i><\/b> – Abahagarariye FPR barimo n\u2019ingabo zigeze kuri 600 bageze i Kigali, batuzwa muri CND.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n 21\/02\/1994<\/i><\/b> – Iyicwa rya Gatabazi Felisiyani, rikozwe n\u2019abicanyi ba FPR i Kigali. Gatabazi yari ministri w\u2019imirimo ya leta n\u2019ingufu, akaba n\u2019umuhuzabikorwa w\u2019ishyaka PSD. Ibyo gushyiraho inzego za guverinoma yaguye irimo na FPR byari biteganyijwe umunsi ukurikiyeho byigijweyo.<\/i><\/p>\n 22\/02\/1994<\/i><\/b> – Bucyana Martini wari umukuru w\u2019ishyaka CDR akaba yari yarigeze no kuba ministri w\u2019amaposita, gutwara abantu n\u2019ibintu n\u2019itumanaho, yiciwe i Butare n\u2019abicanyi ba FPR.<\/i><\/p>\n 06\/04\/1994<\/i><\/b> – Iyicwa rya ba perezida Habyarimana Yuvenali na Ntaryamira Sipiriyani, hamwe n\u2019abo bari kumwe bose mu ndege yari ibavanye muri Tanzaniya. Iyo ndege yahanuwe bitegetswe na Jenerali Kagame Polo wayoboraga ingabo za FPR.<\/i><\/p>\n 07\/04\/1994<\/i><\/b> – Iyicwa rya ministri w\u2019intebe Uwiringiyimana Agata, n\u2019irya basirikari 10 b\u2019ababiligi bo mu ngabo za LONI bari muri MINUAR; mu rukerera rw\u2019iyo tariki ni nabwo FPR yubuye imirwano simusiga ku birindiro byose by\u2019ingabo z\u2019u Rwanda no mu mugi wa Kigali, igamije gufata ubutegetsi m\u2019u Rwanda.<\/i><\/p>\n 09\/04\/1994 <\/i><\/b>– Ishyirwayo rya guverinoma y\u2019abatabazi iyobowe na perezida Sindikubwabo Tewodori na ministri w\u2019intebe Kambanda Yohani.<\/i><\/p>\n 22\/06\/1994 <\/i><\/b>– Icyemezo nimero 929 (1994) cy\u2019Inama y\u2019Umutekano kw\u2019isi cyarafashwe cyemerera Ubufransa gutangiza Operation Turquoise mu Rwanda mu gice FPR itari yakigarurira.<\/i><\/p>\n 04\/07\/1994<\/i><\/b> – Ifatwa rya Kigali na FPR<\/i><\/p>\n 19.07.1994<\/i><\/b> – Ishyirwaho rya Guverinoma y\u2019ubwiyunge iyobowe na Prezida Pasiteri Bizimungu na Ministri w\u2019intebe Faustin Twagiramungu.<\/i><\/p>\n 21\/08\/1994<\/i><\/b> – Irangira rya Operation Turquoise<\/i><\/p>\n 08\/11\/1994<\/i><\/b> – Ishyirwaho ry\u2019Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwa Arusha, bigenywe n\u2019icyemezo numero S\/RES\/955 (1994) cy\u2019inama iharanira umutekano w\u2019isi mu rwego rwa LONI.<\/i><\/p>\n 22\/04\/1995<\/i><\/b> – Iyicwa ry\u2019impunzi zirenga ibihumbi umunani mu zari i Kibeho, ryakozwe n\u2019ingabo za FPR, imbere y\u2019ingabo za LONI.<\/i><\/p>\n 25-26\/10\/1996<\/i><\/b> – Iterwa ry\u2019inkambi z\u2019impunzi zari i Kibumba na Katale muri Kongo.[9] FPR yakoresheje ibisasu bya rutura mu kurasa izo nkambi, zipfamo abatagira ingano.<\/i><\/p>\n 01\/11\/1996 – <\/i><\/b>Abarwanyi bitwaga Abanyamulenge bateye inkambi z\u2019impunzi z\u2019abanyarwanda zari i Bukavu, Kashusha, INERA na ADI-KIVU muri Kongo, barazisenya. Impunzi zigera kuri 250.000 zari zizirimo zafashe inzira zimwe zigana Kisangani izindi zihungira mu mashyamba ya Kongo.<\/i><\/p>\n 15-17\/11\/1996 <\/i><\/b>– Inkambi ya Mugunga i Goma muri Kongo yaragoswe inaraswamwo ibisasu bikaze na FPR, benshi barahagwa; impunzi zigera ku bihumbi 500 zisubizwa mu Rwanda ku gahato, abandi bagera ku bihumbi 250 bagana iya Kisangani muri Kongo.<\/i><\/p>\n 12\/1996<\/i><\/b> – Hagati y\u2019impunzi ibihumbi 100 na 150 zarimo abanyarwanda n\u2019abarundi zaturutse Uvira, Bukavu na Goma muri Kongo zashoboye kugera i Tingi-Tingi hafi ya Kisangani muri Kongo.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n 16\/05\/1998<\/i><\/b> – Seth Sendashonga, wari warahunze leta ya FPR yararimo ari ministri w\u2019ubutegetsi bw\u2019igihugu, yiciwe i Nairobi n\u2019abantu boherejwe n\u2019ubutegetsi bw\u2019u Rwanda.<\/i><\/p>\n <\/p>\n ____________________________________________________________<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n [1] Habyarimana, Jeanne (2016), <\/b>Mon pere, cette autre partie de moi qu\u2019on m\u2019a arrachee, Hommage a Juvenal Habyarimana, Editions Scribe, Bruxelles, pp.206-248.<\/em><\/p>\n [2] Amatariki amwe yakuwe mu yakozwe na Radio France Internationale yerekeye amateka y\u2019u Rwanda igihe hibukwagwa imyaka icumi nyuma ya 1994.<\/em><\/p>\n [3] Nyuma y\u2019uko abatware benshi bahunganye n\u2019umwami mu mvururu zabaye kuva kuya 01\/11\/1959, uturere twinshi tw\u2019igihugu twasigaye nta butegetsi bwa hafi bufite. Ariya matora y\u2019abakonseye n\u2019ababurugumestre yaje ari ayo kuziba icyo cy\u2019uho.<\/em><\/p>\n [4] Ibi byemezo by\u2019ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda byafashwe nyuma ya jenoside yari yakorewe abahutu bo mu Burundi mu mwaka wabanzaga (1972), aho ubutegetsi bwa Micombero bwari bwiganjemo abatutsi bwishe mu gihugu hose icyitwaga umuhutu wese uzi gusoma no kwandika, haba mu mashuli, mu bigo bya leta cyangwa mu giturage. Iyi gahunda y\u2019ubugome burenze y\u2019itsembabwoko yari yashyizwe imbere kandi iza kuyoborwa na Ministiri w\u2019ubutegetsi by\u2019igihugu Artemon Simbananiye.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [5] Bamwe mur\u2019izo mpunzi z\u2019abanyarwanda zirukanywe na Milton Obote, leta ya Habyarimana yabatuje ku Rusumo, mu burengerazuba bw\u2019Urwanda, ahari hatunganyijwe n\u2019umushinga wa BGM (Bugesera -Gisaka-Migongo).<\/em><\/p>\n [6] Iyi nyandiko yasohotse mu gihugu hari umwuka wa politiki werekanako hari byinshi bishobora guhinduka. Nyuma y\u2019inama y\u2019i La Baule, ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwari buri kwivugurura. Ariko ni nabwo inkotanyi mu Buganda zari zirikwisuganya kugirango zitere u Rwanda. Muri abo basinye iriya nyandiko, hari abari bazi ibirigutegurwa n\u2019inkotanyi hanze ndetse n\u2019imbere mu gihugu, ku buryo zimaze gutera, n\u2019amashyaka mashya nayo ari kuvuka, byahise bigaragarira uwabikurikiraniraga hafi aho buri wese yari ahagaze. Nubwo bose bari bahuriye ku gitekerezo cy\u2019uko imitegekere y\u2019igihugu yahinduka, uko byagombaga kugerwaho ntibari babihuriyeho.<\/em><\/p>\n [7] MRND yahinduye izina yitwa MRNDD kuya 05\/07\/1991.<\/em><\/p>\n [8] Mur\u2019iki gihe, intambara y\u2019inkotanyi nubwo igitero cyazo cya mbere zari zaragitsinzwe, byari bizwi na Leta ya Habyarimana ko zitatsinzwe burundu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yakoraga ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibyo zashingiragaho zitera ibivane mu nzira. Ni muri uru rwego guverinoma ya Nsanzimana yagiyeho ihuriweho n\u2019amashyaka 2.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [9] Inkambi z\u2019impunzi z\u2019abahutu zashenywe na Leta y\u2019u Rwanda ikoresheje ibibunda bya rutura, ku buryo mu nkambi haguye abatabarika; ariko iri senywa ryari riri muri gahunda ndende yo kwigarurira igihugu cya Zaire ubu cyitwa\u00a0 <\/span>Repubulika Iharanira Demokrasi ya Kongo.<\/em><\/p>\n Icyitonderwa<\/i><\/b>: iyi nyandiko iri muri bimwe mubizashyirwa mu gitabo kiri gukorwaho n\u2019umushinga w\u2019ubwanditsi witwa IBIRARI BY\u2019AMATEKA<\/i> wibanda ku gukusanya amazina n\u2019ibikorwa – byiza cyangwa bibi – by\u2019abanyarwanda babayeho mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri (abo benshi baba bakeka bakiriho ntibarimo rero), byatumye bamenyekana cyane, haba hagati y\u2019abanyarwanda ubwabo, cyangwa se no mu mahanga ya kure.<\/p>\n Maniragena Valensi<\/strong><\/p>\n Nzeyimana Ambrozi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mu myandikire y\u2019amateka ayariyo yose, amatariki y\u2019ingenzi ku byabaye ni ngombwa. Ibi ni ngombwa cyane cyane mu Rwanda, mu gihe ubutegetsi bwagiyeho kuva muri 1994, bwakoze kandi na n\u2019ubu bugikomeza gukora ibishoboka byose, – birimo no gucura ibinyoma mu guhimba amateka, kugirango ibireba igihugu byose byandikwe kandi bimenyekane mu buryo buboneye imitegekere yabwo. Aya matariki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amateka"],"yoast_head":"\n