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Mu gice cya kabiri mpereye ku nyandiko y\u2019umwimere, nderekana ibirimo, kandi nanjye ntange igitekerezo cyanjye kuri kiriya kibazo\u00a0: ese koko Manifeste y\u2019abahutu ni yo ntandaro ya kwanga no kwica abatutsi\u00a0? Ese ibyo bwana Bizimana yemeza ko muri iyo nyandiko handitsemo ngo \u00ab\u00a0Gukemura kibazo ni ukwica no kwigizayo abatutsi<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb ni byo\u00a0?<\/p>\n Mu gice cya gatatu ndagaruka kuri bimwe nagiye numva ku kiganiro cyo kuri BBC, ngire icyo mbivugaho.<\/p>\n Nb\u00a0: Nifashishije cyane igitabo cya Bonaventure MUREME, Manuel d\u2019histoire politique et sociale du Rwanda contemporain<\/u>. Tome 1, la r\u00e9volution rwandaise et la premi\u00e8re r\u00e9publique rwandaise, L\u2019Harmattan, sept 2012, 431 pages.<\/p>\n IMVO N\u2019IMVANO YA MANIFESTE Y\u2019ABAHUTU<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Mu myaka ya 50 hatangijwemo gahunda nyinshi zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw\u2019abanyarwanda bose<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n Mu w\u20191952, ni bwo habaye amatora ya mbere mu gihugu. Muw\u20191954, Umwami Rudahigwa yaciye ubuhake. Hirya no hino mu gihugu hatangijwe n\u2019imbaraga nyinshi imishinga ya kijyambere\u00a0: kwubaka imihanda, gutera amashyamba, kwubaka amashuli, amavuriro, amazu y\u2019ubutegetsi, gutera ibihingwa bishya, guca imiringoti, \u2026 Umubare w\u2019abanyarwanda barangije amashuli wakomeje kwiyongera mu milimo ya Leta, mbere yiharirwaga n\u2019abazungu. Mbese impinduka zari zose, U rwanda rutera imbere, rwiyuburura.<\/p>\n Impinduka zo muri za 50 zahaye indi ntera ikibazo hagati y\u2019amoko gakondo y\u2019abanyarwanda. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Dore zimwe mu ngero nkeya twafatiraho\u00a0:<\/p>\n Abahutu batangiye kugaragaza ipfunwe no gusaba ko ibintu bihinduka <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Ibyo byose byakorwaga, byateraga abahutu bize ipfunwe ryo kutagira uruhare mu buzima bw\u2019igihigu cyabo ruhwanye n\u2019ubushobozi bumva bafite. Ahubwo bagahezwa mu myanya yo hasi. Igihe bene wabo ku misozi babagaho nk\u2019abacakara mu bukene n\u2019ubujiji bukabije.<\/p>\n Buri muntu ku giti cye, yabanje kwihererana ipfunwe rye mu mpfuruka. Nyamara buhoro buhoro, duhereye mu ntangiriro za 50, batangiye kugenda biyegeranya, bishyira hamwe, ngo bamagane akarengane bagirirwa, n\u2019ako bene wabo bagirirwa muri rusange. Amashyirahamwe yashinzwe muri icyo gihe (abize mu iseminari ya Kabgayi, abize mu ishuri ry\u2019abarimu i Zaza) ni yo yafashe iya mbere, mbere y\u2019amashyaka, mu gusobanura no gusesengura neza ibibazo no gutangiza ibikorwa byo gusaba ko ibintu bihinduka.<\/p>\n Abatutsi batangiye gusaba independansi no kongererwa ubutegetsi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Abatutsi na bo ku ruhande rwabo ntibari bishimiye uburyo babangikanye n\u2019ubutegetsi bw\u2019ababiligi. N\u2019ubwo bari baragumishijwe mu butegetsi, bari baratakaje ububasha n\u2019igitinyiro bari bafite mbere. Icyifuzo cyabo gikuru cyari uko Ababiligi bava mu gihuhu bwangu, bagasubirana ubutegetsi bwabo.<\/p>\n Ni muri iyi \u00ab\u00a0contexte\u00a0\u00bb Manifeste y\u2019abahutu yatangajwe ku wa 24 werurwe 1957 ije ikurikiranye vuba na \u00ab\u00a0Mise au Point\u00a0\u00bb yasohotse ku ya 22 Gashyantare 1957.<\/p>\n Mise au Point\u00a0: umuntu agenekereje biravuga ngo \u00ab\u00a0Dore aho duhagaze\u00a0\u00bb<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Iyi nyandiko yanditswe n\u2019Abatutsi bagize Inama Nkuru y\u2019Igihugu (CSP), yari igenewe gushyikirizwa komisiyo y\u2019igenzura ya Loni yari iri mu ruzinduko mu Rwanda Dore bimwe mu by\u2019ingenzi iyo nyandiko\u00a0isaba\u00a0:<\/p>\n Bamaze gusoma iyi nyandiko ni bwo Abarwanashyaka b\u2019Abahutu basohoye iriya nyandiko yaje kwitwa manifeste y\u2019Abahutu. Muti ese muri biriya \u00ab\u00a0Mise au point\u00a0\u00bb ivuga, icyo banengaga ni iki\u00a0?<\/p>\n N\u2019ubwo bemeranya ku bijyanye no guteza imbere igihugu mu bukungu, bafite byinshi bayinengaga<\/p>\n Ni bwo nyine na bo bafashe umugambi wo gusohora iriya nyandiko, ngo berekane na bo aho bagaze. Bayise \u00ab\u00a0Note sur l\u2019aspect social du probl\u00e8me racial indig\u00e8ne au Rwanda\u00a0\u00bb (Inyandiko igamije gusesengura imiterere y\u2019ikibazo hagati y\u2019amoko gakondo mu Rwanda) Yaje nyuma kwamamara ku izina rya Manifeste y\u2019Abahutu.<\/p>\n IBIKUBIYE MURI MANIFESTE Y\u2019ABAHUTU <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Maximlien NIYONZIMA Godefroid SENTAMA <\/strong><\/p>\n Aba ni bamwe mu banditse manifeste y\u2019abahutu, bafatanije na <\/em>Gr\u00e9goire KAYIBANDA, Joseph GITERA, Claver NDAHAYO, Isidore NZEYIMANA, Calliope MULINDAHABI, Sylvestre MUNYAMBONERA na Joseph SIBOMANA .<\/p>\n Ijambo nyamukuru rya manifeste y\u2019abahutu ni uko Ibibazo bijyanye n\u2019ubwigenge bitagomba gupfukirana akarengane k\u2019umuhutu. Abanyarwanda babanze bakemure ibyo bibazo, hanyuma bafatanyirize guharanira ubwigenge.<\/p>\n Inyandiko igizwe n\u2019ibice bine\u00a0:<\/p>\n Mu gice cya mbere harimo ibitekerezo bibiri by\u2019ingenzi\u00a0:<\/p>\n Kuri iyi ngingo ya kabili baragira bati\u00a0: Ntacyo byagezaho igihugu na gito, gukemura amakimbirane ari hagati y\u2019abatutsi n\u2019ababiligi, wirengangije ikibazo nyamukuru kiri hagati y\u2019abahutu n\u2019abatutsi\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n Mu gice cya kabiri baragaragaza bamagana, kandi bavuguruza ibyo abadashaka ko abahutu batera imbere, bitwaza\u00a0 nko kuvuga\u00a0 ngo Abahutu ni ibicucu ntacyo bashoboye \/ abahutu bakurikira butama \/ abatutsi bavukiye gutegeka \/<\/p>\n Mu gice cya gatatu barerekana akarengane k\u2019umuhutu gaterwa n\u2019uko ubutegetsi, ubukungu bw\u2019igihugu, ibyiza bigize imibereho y\u2019abaturage, amashuri, akazi keza, byose ari umwihariko w\u2019abatutsi. Uko kwikubira, ni yo ntandaro y\u2019ibibazo byose rubanda ifite\u00a0: Akazi, uburetwa (gukorera abatware nta gihembo), gusahurwa no kwamburwa ibyo bakoreye, ikiboko, gutanga imisoro y\u2019ikirenga, kwishyura imirimo bafitiye uburenganzira,\u2026<\/p>\n Mu gice cya 4, baratanga uburyo babona ibyo bibazo byakemurwa<\/p>\n Ibisubizo batanga biri mu byiciro bibiri\u00a0: guhindura burundu kandi vuba imitere y\u2019ubutegetsi mu gihugu \/ gukuraho ubusumbane buri hagati y\u2019abaturage\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Quelques solutions peuvent \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es et dont l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 n\u2019est possible que si le syst\u00e8me politique et social actuel du pays change profond\u00e9ment et assez rapidement\u00a0\u00bb. Dore zimwe mu ngingo zigize ibyo bisubizo\u00a0:<\/p>\n INGARUKA Z\u2019IYI NYANDIKO<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Mu rwego rwa Loni<\/u><\/p>\n Nyuma y\u2019izi nyandiko zombi, Loni yohereje Komisiyo mu Rwanda kugenzura uko byifashe. Yasanze ko manifeste y\u2019abahutu ivugisha ukuri ku byerekeye kwikubira ubutegetsi (monopole politique), agasuzuguro kagirirwa abahutu (\u00ab\u00a0sous humanisation des hutu\u00bb) akarengane ka buri munsi kagirirwa abaturage.<\/p>\n Ku rwego rw\u2019ababiligi<\/u><\/p>\n Nyuma y\u2019iyi nyandiko bafashe ibyemezo bimwe na bimwe bigamije guca akarenganne ka buri munsi abaturage bagirirwa n\u2019abashefu. (Mureme B., pg 133). Nyamara ibyerekeye kugabana ubutegetsi ntibabasha kugira icyo babikoraho kigaragaraga, cyane cyane ko bamwe nta gaciro bagihaga\u00a0 (Avis du directeur provincial des affaires indig\u00e8nes du Rda-Udi\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Un probl\u00e8me de pauvres gens, mais en soi qui n\u2019en est m\u00eame pas un, du moins quant \u00e0 l\u2019aspect dramatique dont on veut le rev\u00eatir\u00a0\u00bb Mureme B., 146)<\/p>\n Ubuyobozi gakondo bw\u2019igihugu n\u2019abandi batutsi<\/u><\/p>\n Bisabwe n\u2019Inama Nkuru y\u2019igihugu, kuva ku wa 30 werurwe 1958, i Nyanza hateraniye komisiyo igizwe n\u2019umubare ungana w\u2019abahutu n\u2019abatutsi (10), kugirango ishakire umuti ikibazo hutu twa tutsi. Iyo komisiyo yamaze iminsi 15 isuzuma iyi nyandiko ingingo ku yindi. Imaze gusuzuma ibyayigejejweho, Inama Nkuru y\u2019Igihugu yemeje ku bwiganze bw\u2019amajwi ko nta kibazo hutu\/twa\/tutsi kiri mu Rwanda. (Mureme B., pg 139 \u2013 149)<\/p>\n Muw\u20191958, abahutu 18 bishyize hamwe bandikira ibaruwa umwami bamusaba ko abanyarwanda nk\u2019abavandimwe bagabana ibyiza byose bafatanije kugeza ku gihugu.<\/p>\n Ku ya 17 gicurasi 1958, ni bwo abiyise Abagaragu bakuru b\u2019ibwami basubije iyi nyandiko basobanura ko ntacyo bapfana n\u2019abahutu, ko bo ari ba shebuja, abandi bakaba abagaragu. (Mureme B., pg 143). Ubwo iyi nyandiko yashyirwaga hanze muri 58, ntabwo ba nyiri ukuyandika bigeze bayihakana. Ababikora ubu sinzi icyo bashingiraho.<\/p>\n Bukeye bw\u2019aho, abandi batware 15 b\u2019abatutsi (\u00ab\u00a0vieux nobles tutsi\u00a0\u00bb) bandikiye umwami bamubwira ko badashyigikiye umushinga w\u2019itegeko rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda. (Mureme B., 144)<\/p>\n Abatutsi batari bake, cyane cyane abize bagaragaje ko ibikubiye muri iriya nyandiko bifite ukuri, kandi ko byaba byiza ku neza y\u2019igihugu ko byitabwaho. Babashubije ko ibyo ari amakabyankuru, abandi barababwira ngo uhaye abahutu uburenganzira waba ujugunye igihugu mu kajagari. Aha twavuga ba Padiri Alexis Kagame, na Musoni Boniface.<\/p>\n NONE SE KOKO IYI NYANDIKO YAKWITIRIRWA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MURI 94\u00a0?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Bwana Bizimana ntabwo ari we wa mbere utangaje biriya. Ku mbuga habonekaho izindi nyandiko, zimwe zanditswe n\u2019abazungu izindi n\u2019abanyarwanda, zemeza biriya yatangarije i Kabagyi. Aho Bwana Bizimana atandukaniye na bariya bose ni uko yafashe ijambo nk\u2019umuyobozi mukuru mu gihugu wigisha abaturage, bikaba bisobanura ko atanga umurongo wa politiki wa Leta ahagarariye. Muri urwo rwego, ntandukiriye gato, umuntu yakwibaza icyo bimariye ubutegetsi kwigisha abaturage ko ababyeyi ba Perezida Kayibanda bakomotse muri Kongo? Turi abanyarwanda twese kimwe ?<\/p>\n Ese abandika, cyangwa abavuga ko Manifeste y\u2019abahutu ariyo yateye jenoside bashingira ku ki ? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Mu ntangiriro, abanditse manifeste y\u2019Abahutu bavuga ko bagiye gutanga umusanzu mu gusobanura ikibazo kimaze iminsi cyandikwa mu binyamamkuru, kandi kiganirwaho cyane muri rubanda. Ibi bisobanura ko muri icyo gihe ikibazo ari ko bacyitaga (le probl\u00e8me a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 pos\u00e9 comme \u00e7a\u00a0: hutu\/tutsi). Imvugo Gatutsi, Gahutu, Gatwa, Kazungu yari imvugo isanzwe. Kubagaragaza nk\u2019abantu batandukanye byari bimenyerewe, haba muri rubanda, haba mu bategetsi, mu njijuke, cyangwa se mu bazungu. Abanyarwanda ubwabo bari biyizi nk\u2019abatutsi cyangwa se abahutu. Bamwe n\u2019ishema ryinshi ryo kwitwa abatutsi (hamite mu gifaransa muri icyo gihe), abandi n\u2019ipfunwe ryo kuba abahutu bitewe n\u2019urwego byabashyiragamo. Ese uyu munsi ho bimeze bite\u00a0? Ibitekerezo byo ku nkomoko z\u2019U Rwanda byagiraga abatutsi bakuru n\u2019abatware b\u2019andi moko. Abazungu bahageze barabishimangiye\u00a0: Le Tutsi raffin\u00e9, intelligent VS le Hutu rustre, peu intelligent et le Twa \u2026<\/p>\n Ntabwo abanditse manifeste ari bo bahimbye amoko, nta n\u2019ubwo ari bo bonyine cyangwa abambere bayakoresheje mu mvugo, no mu nyandiko. Et surtout ntabwo ari bo bahimbye ubusumbane bwari hagati yayo.<\/p>\n Ibi nk\u2019uko nabyerekanye hejuru, abanditse Manifeste ni byo baheraho mu nyandiko yabo\u00a0: Probl\u00e8me racial ou conflit social\u00a0? Ikibazo cy\u2019amoko cyangwa cy\u2019imibereho y\u2019abaturage\u00a0? Kuri bo ipfundo ry\u2019ikibazo ni uko ubwoko bumwe \u2013abatutsi- bwihariye ubutegetsi. Bati\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0 Mu gihugu giteye nk\u2019U Rwanda, kwikubira ubutegetsi bihinduka kwigwizaho umutungo wose w\u2019igihugu, n\u2019ibyiza bigize imibereho myiza y\u2019abaturage\u00a0\u00bb. Conflit social irahari ariko ipfundo ryayo ni probl\u00e8me racial. Ntushobora gukemura le conflit social, udapfunduye iryo pfundo rya monopole racial.<\/p>\n Nkuko nabyerekanye haruguru na bamwe mu batutsi bari barize, nka Padiri Alexis Kagame cyangwa se Boniface Musoni na bo ubwabo babonaga ikibazo cy\u2019u Rwanda nk\u2019ikibazo cy\u2019ubwoko bwikubira ibyiza byose by\u2019igihugu, bagasaba bene wabo kwemera gutakaza zimwe mu nyungu zabo ku neza y\u2019igihugu.<\/p>\n Ubundi se umuntu arebanye ubushishozi, nta zindi nyungu ashaka kurengera, uwakuruye amakimbirane mu gihugu, ni uwerekanye, akamagana akarengane bamwe mu baturage bagirirwa n\u2019abandi, cyangwa ni uwo akarengane kari gafitiye inyungu, akanga kugakosora, ngo adatakaza ibyo yari afite\u00a0?<\/p>\n Kuba abahutu barahagurutse bakavuga akarenagne kabo, bakerekana aho gashingiye n\u2019ibyakorwa ngo gakosorwe, bibaye bite ikosa\u00a0? Ari bo, ari ababimye amatwi, bagamije kurengera inyungu zabo bwite, n\u2019ababo ni nde nyirabayazana w\u2019ibyakurikiyeho\u00a0?<\/p>\n Nyamara abanditse manifeste ntibari babuze kubibona no kuburira buri wese : \u00ab\u00a0Ikibazo cy\u2019amoko, kigenda kirushaho kongera ubukana uko umunsi ukeye. \u2026 Ibyo bikaba bituganisha mu bibazo bikomeye, bifite uburemere buruta kure ibyo twita uyu munsi \u00ab\u00a0ibibazo bikurura amacakubiri\u00bb.<\/p>\n Nibajije Ibindi bibazo nyumva ya kiriya kiganiro<\/p>\n Ibi ni bimwe mu byo Bwana Bizimana yatangarije i Kabgayi. <\/strong>Byaba byiza ko yerekana igika yabisomyemo, kuko njye nayisomye yose simbibone. Nta n\u2019imvugo iganisha kwica irimo. Icyo bifuzaga ko kiranduka burundu ni umuco wo kwikubira ubutegetsi kuko ari wo wakuruye akarengane muri Rubanda. Ndetse mu bisubizo batanga byakemura ibibazo baragira bati\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Hagomba gukurwaho ibintu byose bitanya abanyarwanda, aho kubunga\u00a0\u00bb. Twibukiranye kandi ko batangiye urugamba basaba ko bahabwa umwanya mu buzima bw\u2019igihugu. Gukuraho umwami, gufata ubutegetsi, ntabyo bari bafite muri gahunda zabo batangira. Kunangira kw\u2019abo babwiraga ni byo byatumye bahindura umuvuno.<\/p>\n Inyandiko yonyine nzi y\u2019umuzungu wanze ko abahutu binjira mu butegetsi ni iya Mgr Classe, nawe kandi ntiyari abisabwe n\u2019abatutsi. Dans les ann\u00e9es 20. Ubundi mu myaka yakurikiyeho, igihe cyose abahutu bagiraga icyo baka, barabasubizaga ngo nta kibazo cy\u2019amoko kiri mu Rwanda. Umwami Rudahigwa ubwe yatanze icyo gisubizo kenshi, agiha Abahutu, Ababiligi, n\u2019abahagarariye Loni. Abahutu barababwiraga, ngo ubundi se mwakwiyamaje nk\u2019abandi, cyangwa se ngo ntabyo mushoboye, \u2026<\/p>\n Sous-chef Benzinge nzi ko azi neza Bwana Maus A., umubiligi wari muri Conseil Du vice-gouvernorat wahisemo kwegura nyuma y\u2019uko umwami Rudahigwa yanze ko Umuhutu yinjira muri iyo nama, yitwaje ko ngo U Rwanda ari nyabutatu, nta muhutu, nta mututsi, nta mutwa ubaho. Amoko yo mu Rwanda abaho, cyangwa ntabeho bitewe n\u2019aho inyungu ziri.<\/p>\n Ni byo koko ko hari abatutsi bari mu bukene nk\u2019ubw\u2019abahutu. N\u2019abahutu bari bafite imitungo iruta iy\u2019abatutsi benshi. Ikibazo ariko ntabwo ari ukureba umuntu ku giti cye, uburyo ashobora kwirwanaho abifashijwemo n\u2019uriya cyangwa uriya, uburyo yaciye syst\u00e8me mu myanya y\u2019intoki (dans un sens ou l\u2019autre). Ikibazo ni ukureba uburyo umuco w\u2019igihugu wemerera bamwe ibintu ukabibuza abandi muri rusange.<\/p>\n Nk\u2019uko Ambassadeur Ndagjimana yabitangaje muri kiriya kiganiro navuze haruguru. Nta gaciro na gato bifite kumenya niba ari Kayibanda na bagenzi be bayanditse cyangwa se ari ababiligi bayibandikiye. Icyingenzi ni ukureba ibikubiyemo.<\/p>\n Ariko na none umuntu yakwibaza\u00a0: abatutsi bo muri CSP banditse \u00ab\u00a0Mise au point\u00a0\u00bb ibyo ntawe ubishidikanyaho, ariko abahutu bo ntibashobora kuba baranditse \u00ab\u00a0Manifeste\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0? Iyi mvugo iraganisha kuri bimwe mu byo Manifeste yamagana\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Abahutu ni ibicucu, ntacyo bashoboye\u00a0\u00bb. Abavuga biriya uyu munsi ni cyo baba batubwira. Nongere nunge mu rya ambassadeur Ndagijimana, uwasomye inyandiko za Munyangaju, Kayibanda na bagenzi babo muri kiriya gihe (Temps Nouveaux, AMI, n\u2019ahandi) atangazwa cyane n\u2019ubwenge bariya bagabo bari bafite. Bari abahanga bo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Mu bitekerezo bari bafite, n\u2019uburyo babigaragazaga.<\/p>\n UMWANZURO<\/strong><\/p>\n Ese inzira yo kwunga abanyarwanda ni ugukora nk\u2019aho ikibazo cy\u2019amoko kitabaho, cyangwa ni ukwishakamo ingufu abanyarwanda bakakiganiraho, bakagishakira umuti\u00a0?<\/p>\n Mu myaka ya 50, abagishyize ahagaragara bitiriwe ko aribo bagikuruye. Disikuru ya Bwana Bizimana niko ikomeza kubona ibintu. Yirengangiza nkana uruhare rwagizwe n\u2019abanze ko ibintu bihinduka.<\/p>\n Icyo umuntu yabaza Bwana Bizimana kimwe n\u2019abandi batekereza nka we ni ukumenya icyo bariya bari gukora ngo bakemure ibibazo by\u2019akarengane barimo, badasheshe ipfundo rya \u00ab\u00a0Monopole raciale\u00a0\u00bb (ukwikubira kw\u2019ubwoko) ryari intandaro yabyo ? Gutegereza ko bizikemura\u00a0? Ko abikubira bagera aho bakarekura, abarenganya bakikosora\u00a0?<\/p>\n Gihishwa inyuma ya za politiki zifite imvugo igikikira, kivugwa uko kiri frontalement, ikibazo cy\u2019amoko ni ikibazo gikomereye umuryango nyarwanda. Kugeza uyu munsi. Ibyo tumenyereye ni uko ubwoko bufite ubutegetsi bwikubira bugaheza, abandi bagaceceka bategereje ko bazabona imbaraga zo kwigaranzura, bagakora ibyo abandi babakoreye.<\/p>\n Igihe kirageze ko abanyarwanda ubwabo badategereje ko abanyapoliyiki babibakorera, bicara hamwe bagashakisha uburyo ibyo byahagarara, tukubaka umuryango abana bose bafite ijambo, bafite agaciro, basabwa bimwe, bagahabwa bimwe.<\/p>\n Tugarutse kuri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, yabaye imyaka 40 nyuma ya manifeste y\u2019Abahutu. Nsanga ko iyo ibiyikubiyemo byubahirizwa (n\u2019abayanditse, ntitwavuga ko nyuma bayubahirije), usibye jenoside, ahubwo nta n\u2019intambara y\u2019amoko na nto yari kuba mu Rwanda. Amakosa yatujyanye muri jenoside yagiye akorwa buhoro buhoro mbere na nyuma ya Manifeste y\u2019abahutu. Si ngombwa ko twirirwa dushaka kuyasesengura uyu munsi, igihe kubwizanya ukuri bidashoboka. Uwo munsi nugera tuzabiganiraho kandi tuzabyumva kimwe, tugamije gusa ko igihugu cyacu kijya mbere, abagituye bakakibamo mu mahoro.<\/p>\n Amahoro kuri twese.<\/p>\n\n
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