{"id":29291,"date":"2018-11-27T13:46:44","date_gmt":"2018-11-27T11:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.therwandan.com\/ki\/?p=29291"},"modified":"2018-11-27T14:36:12","modified_gmt":"2018-11-27T12:36:12","slug":"ubuhamya-ku-byerekeranye-nukuntu-kwiga-mu-mashuli-yisumbuye-na-za-kaminuza-byari-bimeze-kuri-repubulika-ya-mbere-niya-kabiri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.therwandan.com\/ki\/ubuhamya-ku-byerekeranye-nukuntu-kwiga-mu-mashuli-yisumbuye-na-za-kaminuza-byari-bimeze-kuri-repubulika-ya-mbere-niya-kabiri\/","title":{"rendered":"UKUNTU KWIGA MU MASHULI YISUMBUYE NA ZA KAMINUZA BYARI BIMEZE KURI REPUBULIKA YA 1 N\u2019IYA 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Yanditswe na\u00a0Victor Manege Gakoko<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(Ibiganiro nagiranye na Anastase MAKUZA na Colonel Aloys NSEKALIJE)<\/p>\n

Igice cya mbere : Ikiganiro nagiranye na Anastase Makuza, Intwari ya Repubulika ya Mbere, wabaye na ministri w\u2019uburezi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nta wampora ababyeyi navutseho, nta nuwamporo aho navukiye, byaba ari kumpohohotera ushatse kunziza uko nsa, cyangwa uko ndeshya kimwe no kuntensha agaciro ngo kuko ndi umwana wa Repubulika. Sinabihisemo, ariko ndabyishimiye byimazeyo, kuko biri muri zimwe ndangagaciro zinyubatse.\u00a0\u00bb (Victor Manege Gakoko)<\/p>\n

Muri Nyakanga 1976 cyangwa se 1977, naje mu birukuko i Kigali mvuye i Moscou aho nari maze imyaka 2 cyangwa 3 niga mw\u2019inshuri rikuru rya \u00e9nergie muri URSS (MEI). Bwari ubwa mbere mfashe icyo kiruhuko, naje mfite n\u2019umugambi wo kuzaganira na Anastase Makuza. Kuko yari inshuti cyane ya data, data namusabye ko yazamumbariza ko bishoboka. Data yaranshubize ati usibye ko n’ubu wamusanga iwe mukaganira ati ni umugabo ukunda gusabana, ati ariko nzamukubwirira. Hashize iminsi, data ambwira ko yatumitse kandi ko Makuza yamubwiye ko akunda rwose kuganira n\u2019urubyiruko.<\/p>\n

Ubwo bukeye, mbwira mukuru wanjye Vincent Minega Gakoko ngo tujyaneyo kuko we yahisangaga. Tugezeyo, baradufungurira, baratwicaza, jye banyicaza iruhande neza rwa Makuza. Amaze kudusuhuza, asaba ko batwicira inyota. Bamaze kudusukira primus mu birahure, Makuza ati \u00ab\u00a0ku buzima bwanyu\u00a0\u00bb. Noneho mu kinyabupfura ndamureba mu maso, ariko numva mfite ikintu cy\u2019icyoba. Muri ako kanya Vincent n\u2019inshuti ze baba bigiriye mu bindi, nsigarana gusa na Makuza. Ku mutima ndibwira ngo sinza gushobora kubona uko ntangira. Makuza nk\u2019umuntu uzi psychologie, abona ko mfite isoni noneho aba ari we utangira kubaza. Ati harya wiga mu Burusi, nti yego. Ati uzi amateka y\u2019ukuntu mwoshoboye kujya kuhiga se? Nti reka da, nti nabonye ngenda gusa. Ariko muri uko kumbaza ndamureba mu maso noneho nashiritse ubwoba. Nahise mbona umugabo ufite urugwiro, ufite indoro ireba kure, kandi unarebera hejuru ku buryo numvaga ibintu avuga abirenze cyane. Yavugaga yitonze cyane, andeba, aseka, asa nunyiga. Mu gihe gito gusa, nahise mbona ko Makuza afite icyo bita \u00ab\u00a0charisme\u00a0\u00bb idasanzwe, undi munyarwanda nabonanye nkayo muri icyo gihe ni Musenyeri Alors Bigirumwami ; dore ko banareshyaga.<\/p>\n

Noneho arakomeza, ansobanunira ko kugira ngo bashobore gushinga repubulika bitangiye ari bato ati hari ibintu byinshi twahuye nabyo tutari twiteguye (circonstances impr\u00e9vues). Ati nk\u2019urugero, UNAR yari yaradutanze kumenyekana muri ONU kandi yo ishyira imbere gusa ubwigenge. Ati natwe hagati yacu nti twumvaga ibintu kimwe iteka. Ati akazi gakomeye kakozwe na Pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda ati kuko we yumvaga bose akabyigaho noneho akazana igizubizo gikubiyemo ibyifuzo bya benshi. Jye nta kibazo numvaga nabaza kuko ari nk\u2019amakuru yampaga, namuteze amatwi gusa.<\/p>\n

Arakomeza arambwira ati tumaze kubona ubwigenge ababiligi benshi bakoraga mu nzego za leta (administration) bahise bataha biradutungura kuko tutari dufite abanyarwanda benshi bize bo kubasimbura. Ati nta n’ubwo twari twaratekereje kuzashyiraho amategeko azagenga abakozi ba leta. Ati nta kundi twari kubigenza usibye gukomeza gukoresha amategeko y\u2019ababiligi ati ku buryo nka papa wawe wari assistant-v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire yahawe umwanya (grade) n\u2019akazi (fonction) bya docteur v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire w\u2019umubiligi wakora ako kazi.<\/p>\n

Ati Pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda abonye icyo kibazo kibangamiye repubulika, yihutiye gushaka ukuntu ishuli rya kaminuza (universit\u00e9) ryajyaho kandi ministeri y\u2019uburezi ikanagerageze gusaba ibihugu by\u2019inshuti za bourses nyinshi. Asobanura ko igihugu babanje kwiyambaza ari Belgique. Yongeraho ko ababiligi bemeye kubafasha ariko bourses ntibazongera cyane. Ababiligi bashiraga imbere \u00ab\u00a0assistance technique\u00a0\u00bb. Ati nyuma ndi ministre w\u2019uburezi nza kubwira Pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda ko twanagirana umubano n’abarusi (URSS). Akibyumva, Pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda ngo ahita amusubiza ko adashaka abo bokoministes (communistes). Ati batwononera igihugu. Anastase Makuza yamubwiye ko yamwihoreye ariko hashize iminsi arongera abonana na Pr\u00e9sident amwumvisha ko Leta y\u2019u Rwanda igomba kugenderaho kuri politiki itagira aho ibogamiye (politique de non alignement).<\/p>\n

Ati Pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda amaze kwiyumvira, ngo aramubwira ati tegure urugendo (mission) yo kujya i Moscou gusaba niba abarusi bashobora kudufasha mu rwego rw\u2019uburezi. Ngo yongeraho ati nubona bemeye kudufasha, unabwire ko Leta y\u2019uRwanda yifuza kugirana nabo umubano ushingiye kuri za ambassades. Anastase Makuza arambwira ati sinatinze kwitegura no kwaka abandi bakozi bakuru bo mu zindi ministeri twafatanya urwo ruzindiko. Noneho, ntiyambwira uko urugendo rwagenze, ahubwo ambwira ko hasinywe amasezerano akubiyemo koko imfashanyo mu rwego rw\u2019uburezi n\u2019andi yemera ko leta zombi yashyiraho umubano muri rusange ushingiye kuri za ambassades.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Anastase Makuza<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ati ng’uko uko ambassade y\u2019u Rwanda i Moscou yavutse, abarusi banaduha bourses ariko kubera za mpungenge za Pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda, atanga inama ko habanza hakoherezwa abanyeshuli bake ngo tukabanza tukareba icyo bitanga. Anastase Makuza, ansobanunira ko babanje kohereza abari bafite impamyabushobozi y\u2019ubwarimu. Ati na ministre Lazare Mpakaniye agiye kuyobora ministeri y\u2019uburezi nawe ni ko yabigenje. Ati byaje kuhinduka aho ministre Gaspard Harerimana abereye nawe ministre w\u2019uburezi, ubwo yatangiye kwohereza muri URSS abanyeshuli barangije humanit\u00e9s scientifiques na modernes.<\/p>\n

Ati nyuma ya coup d\u2019\u00e9tat, ministre Thadd\u00e9e Bagaragaza bahaye kuyobora ministeri y\u2019uburezi, we yakubye kabiri umubare w\u2019abanyeshuli bagiye kwiga muri URSS, ati kandi anasaba ko bakwiga muri za facult\u00e9s zinyuranye kugira ngo u Rwanda rushobora kubona abakadres (les cadres) muri nzego zose z\u2019ubukungu bw\u2019igihugu. Ati ng\u2019uko ukuntu nawe wagiye kwiga mu Burusiya muri 1974. Naramushimiye cyane kubera igihe yampaye aganiriza ayo makuru. Nunze mu rye mubwira ko koko twe twagiye kwiga muri URSS muri 1974 turenze mirongo itanu (50) ari nabo ba mbere leta y\u2019u Rwanda yohereje umubare munini w\u2019abanyeshuli b\u2019abanyarwanda kwiga mu mahanga. Anastase Makuza arangiza ambwira ko ikibabaje ni uko ibihugu by\u2019iBurayi y\u2019uburengerazuba byakomeje gutanga bourses nkeya kandi ntibanafungura facult\u00e9s zose.<\/p>\n

Yampayemo n\u2019urundi rugero, ati buriya papa wawe nawe yaradufashije cyane. Urugero rufatika yatanze ngo ni uko papa bamaze kumugira directeur wa \u00e9levage, yasabye ko bamushakira mu mahanga bourses 10 z\u2019abanyeshuli bazajya kwiga doctorat muri m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire. Igitekerezo cye ministre Harerimana yacyakiriye neza arazimushakira rwose kandi arazibona mu bihugu binyuranye, n’uko abanyeshuli bajya kwiga ubuvuzi buhanitse bw\u2019amatungo.<\/p>\n

Anastase Makuza yasozereje kuri Aya magambo. Yarambwiye ati : \u00abmu bintu bimwe by\u2019imena twakoze byashimishje cyane Pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda, ni kuba twarashoboye gushyiraho Kaminuza y\u2019uRwanda i Butare\u00bb<\/em>, kuko yabigizemo ku mwihariko uruhare rwe cyane. Nananifuzaga ko iyo Kaminuza igenda ikura ku buryo abanyeshuli bazajya bajya kwiga mu mahanga mu kiciro cya gatatu gusa no muri sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s zihanitse. Anastase Makuza yongeraho ati yatabarutse umugambi we atawugezeho. Ati ariko nkamwe mukiri bato mujye muzirikana ko Pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda yari umuhanga, ureba kure, umunyapolitiki wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, umukozi utaruhuka, uzi no gushishoza, cyane cyane wakundaga u Rwanda n\u2019abanyarwanda akanifuza ko bava mu byo yakundaga kwita : UBUJIJI, UBUTINDI, UBUTIRIGANYA N\u2019UBUCAKARA<\/p>\n

Igice cya kabiri: Ikiganiro nagiranye na Colonel Aloys Nsekalije, umwe mu basirikari bakuru bahiritse leta ya Pr\u00e9sident Kayibanda, akaba yaranabaye ministre w’amashuli abanza n’ayisumbuye.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nyuma hashize iminsi, Colonel Nsekalije tuza guhura, turaramukanya. Abatazi Colonel Nsekalije (hors contextes militaire et politique) ni umugabo wasetsaga cyane. Noneho arambwira ngo mwene Gakoko ko utagarutse ngo dukomeza ikiganiro cyacu. En fait, nanjye namwisangagaho kuko ari jye wari waramuhaye umuriro mu nzu ye y’i Remera. Kubera iyo service namuhaye twahise tuba inshuti en particulier. Hanyuma nanjye ndamusubiza nti mon Colonel, ahubwo ngize Imana niba ufite umwanya tureba aho tujya dukomeze. Ahita yemera ako kanya. Iyo nsubije amaso inyuma numva yari akeneye umuntu de confiance abwira ibimuri ku mutima.<\/p>\n

Tumaze kubona aho twicara, si natinda mpita mubaza nti relations zawe na FPR zimeze zite? Arimyoza ati ntiwabara, uzi ko narezwe muri Gacaca. Ngwa mu kantu, kuko bavugaga ko yarwanyeho abantu benshi muri g\u00e9nocide. Ariko ahita ambwira ko yatsinze ko bizamenyekana mu cyumweru gikurikiyeho. Ndongera ndamubaza nti ese wabonye occasion yo gukobonana no kuganira na Pr\u00e9sident Kagame ? Aransubuza ati rimwe bigeze kuntumira muri \u00e9v\u00e9nement (ntabwo yavuze circonstances kandi ashobora no kuba yaranabonanye na we kenshi), njyayo nsanga na Pr\u00e9sident Kagame ahari (hano ntabwo yambwiye niba ari igihe yari vice-pr\u00e9sident cyangwa yarabaye d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sident). Ati ngezeyo ibikomerezwa byo muri FPR byiha kumvugiraho bintesha agaciro. Ati jyewe Nsekalije mpitamo kwivuga, ati narivuze pe no ku ngoma ngo di (bivuga ko ari muri lign\u00e9e y’ibwami directement ou indirectement). Ati abaraho bose baraceceka, ati Pr\u00e9sident Kagame we wumvise icyo nashakaga kuvuga arampamagara, musanga aho yari yicaye, turaganira bisanzwe. Ndaseka cyane, nti noneho koko abavuga ko uri umututsi ntibabeshya. Nawe araseka ntiyasubiza. Nungamo nti ariko jye mbona ahubwo uri umugogwe. Colonel Nsekalije ati mwene Gakoko aho nturiho uneka? Nti sinabikora, ariko tubihinira aho. Noneho agaruka ku kiganiro cye na Pr\u00e9sident Kagame. Ati naramubwira nti Excellence, Vision 2020 izamera nka MRND yacu. Ati kubera iki? Ati ndamusubiza nti kuko ari ibihimbano bidafatika bitavuye mu bitekerezo n’ibyifuzo by’abaturage. Ndamureba ndi mon Colonel nti uvuga ukuri koko kwambaye ubusa pe, nti abantu bakwibeshyaho ntibakuzi. Iyo iba ibaye introduction, tujya kuri sujet ikomeye cyane.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Col Aloys Nsekalije<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nti mon Colonel, umbwize ukuri rwose, nti politique yanyu muri MRND parti-\u00e9tat y’iringanyiza yari igamije iki? Ati wahora, ati iyo niyo yadukozeho. Yongeraho ati ni erreur politique monumentale. Noneho aransobanurira. Ati twaratekereje (sinamubajije “twa” abo ari bo ariko naketse abakoze coup d’\u00e9tat cyangwa se ba gacurabwenge ba id\u00e9ologie-ma\u00eetresse ya MRND) dusanga abanyenduga, pr\u00e9fecture y’iwanyu i Butare, na Gitarama na Gikongoro ari zo zifite umubare munini w’abantu bize kandi bafite imyanya ikomeye muri leta. Ati ikindi kandi muri izo pr\u00e9fectures uko ari eshatu niho wanasangaga umubare munini w’abatutsi mu bakozi ba leta toutes cat\u00e9gories confondues.<\/p>\n

Ati ng’uko uko politique y’iringaniza yavutse ngo turebe uko twakosora icyo kibazo. Nyuma tumaze kwemeza iyo politique tubura strat\u00e9gie twakoresha ngo tuyishyire mu bikorwa. Ati nti twari kwirukana abo bakozi nta n’abandi dufite bo kubasimbuza. Ati noneho nteka umutwe ntangira kurwanya r\u00e9forme scolaire kugira ngo mfate ministeri y’amashuli abanza n’ayisumbuye. Ati Pr\u00e9sident Habyarimana arayimpa. Ati noneho ngeze muri iyo ministeri ngirana ikibazo na ministeri y’amashuli makuru; tugonganira kuri bureau itanga bourses. Bavuga impamvu bourses ari izabo, ati nanjye ntanga arguments zanjye. Mvuga ko niba ari ministeri y’amashuli abanza n’ayisumbuye ishyiraho programme y’amasomo yigishwa muri secondaire ko byumvikana ko ari yo ikwiriye guhitamo no gushyira abanyeshuli batsinze mu mashuli makuru. Ati ibyo bigakorwa hakurikijwe programme ya leta yo kutegura abakozi ba leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo muri secteurs zose za administration n’ubukungu by’igihugu. Colonel Nsekalije ati nti byatinze ministre w’amashuli makuru tubyemeranwaho, ati ariko nubundi ntaho yari kunyura.<\/p>\n

Ati noneho ndeba umubare wa bourses zose zitangwa mu Rwanda no mu bihugu by’inshuti nsanga hari facult\u00e9s zirimo abanyeshuli benshi cyane cyane, nk’urugero, muri sciences de l’\u00e9ducation, humaines, sociales et \u00e9conomiques kurusha domaines techniques. Noneho nsaba URSS bourses nyinshyi muri domaines techniques.<\/p>\n

Ati icyakurikiyeho, ndongera nsaba statistiques z’abakozi ba leta mbaza na informations y’igihe bazajya bafatira pension. Ati byose maze kubibona nkora planification yo guha bourses no kwohereza abanyeshuli benshi bo muri Nord cyane cyane muri URSS muri domaines techniques. Ati icyari kihishe inyuma ni uko abakozi b’abanyenduga bafataga pension bagombaga kusimburwa au fur et \u00e0 mesure n’aba cadres bo muri Nord bakimara kurangiza kandi nta comp\u00e9tition iriho. Ati ni uko twagiye tubikora. Kubyeyekeye abanyeshuli b’abatutsi ati twagerageje koko gukora \u00e9quilibre muri secondaire dukurikije quota, ati ariko nta na rimwe iyo quota yubahirijwe ati kuko hari imyanya najyaga nitangira ku giti cyanjye, ati ukongeraho n’imyanya imwe n’imwe ba directeurs b’amashuli y’isumbuye batangaga \u00e0 leur discr\u00e9tion, ati ndetse ukanongeraho n’indi abakozi banjye bansinyishaka bariye ruswa. Ati nari nzi ko abakozi banjye barya ruswa ariko nkabona ari marginal.<\/p>\n

Dufata pause gato noneho ndamubwira nti mon Colonel, ariko iyo politique yari discriminatoire. Ansubiza ati iri rwose mu byatumye MRND irohama. Aha ampa explications, ati ibyo twakoraga se hari utarabibonaga? Ati byageze aho aba ministres bo muri Sud bari muri gouvernement batangira kuba m\u00e9contents ariko batabyerura. Nyuma ministre F\u00e9licien Gatabazi aba ari we unkorera affront ouvertement avuga ko iyo politique atayishyigikiye na gato. Colonel Nsekalije anyibutsa ukuntu Gatabazi yamusebeje kuri stade Huye i Butare. Ati rero sinabyihanganiye kandi nzi neza ko les intellectuels du Sud bamushyigikiye, ati binakubitiraho ko Pr\u00e9sident Habyarimana yamweraga cyane. Ati noneho ikibazo kiba personnelle : Gatabazi cyangwa jyewe, tuba abanzi gutyo. Nyuma murusha amayeri mukuza muri gouvernement. Nti ni wowe rero wamufungishije? Ansubiza ati en quelques sortes oui. Arakomeza ati gusimbura Gatabazi, nahise njya gushaka G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Ndindiriyimana (ariko icyo gihe ahari yari commandant) ngo abe ministre ngo azanabe ledear wa Butare. Ati Ndindirimana arantsembera ambwira ko ari umusirikare ko nava muri gouvernement azasubira mu gisirikare.<\/p>\n

Tuba dukoze tour y’ikibazo cya \u00e9quilibre mu mashuli makuru no mu kazi ka leta gutyo. Hari ibindi byinshi twaganiye biri hors contexte, nk’ibitabo yanditse, nka gestion des droits d’auteur ze, n’ikigitabo kindi yari ariho yandika.<\/p>\n

Mu gusoza ubona ababaye cyane yarambwiye ati igihe cya mashyaka menshi, ishyaka PSD niryo ryavutse comme r\u00e9ponse au r\u00e9gionalisme implicite twazanye mu Rwanda. Ati twarumiwe tubonye umubare des intellectuels barigiyemo. Ati nagiye kureba Pr\u00e9sident Habyarimana mubwira ko biturangiriyeho. Yongeraho ati niyo inkotanyi zidatera MRND yari mu mazi abira. Akantu important nari nibagiwe. Colonel Nsekalije yari convaincu ko mu matora y’ubutaha coalition MDR\/PSD zonyine zari kubona majorit\u00e9 ituma zijya k’ubutegetsi (kandi koko ni nayo strat\u00e9gie F\u00e9licien Gatabazi yashyiraho imbere).<\/p>\n

Turangije, ndamushimira cyane, musaba ko yazampa interview excusif ku byo twaganiye byose. Aranyemerera, nyuma ya deux ou trois mois aba yitabye Imana. Ngira akababaro kenshi cyane kuko nari nashoboye kumugira inshuti personnel ikomeye. Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yanditswe na\u00a0Victor Manege Gakoko (Ibiganiro nagiranye na Anastase MAKUZA na Colonel Aloys NSEKALIJE) Igice cya mbere : Ikiganiro nagiranye na Anastase Makuza, Intwari ya Repubulika ya Mbere, wabaye na ministri w\u2019uburezi \u00ab\u00a0Nta wampora ababyeyi navutseho, nta nuwamporo aho navukiye, byaba ari kumpohohotera ushatse kunziza uko nsa, cyangwa uko ndeshya kimwe no kuntensha agaciro ngo kuko […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":29292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-isesengura"],"yoast_head":"\nUKUNTU KWIGA MU MASHULI YISUMBUYE NA ZA KAMINUZA BYARI BIMEZE KURI REPUBULIKA YA 1 N\u2019IYA 2 - Umunyarwanda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.therwandan.com\/ki\/ubuhamya-ku-byerekeranye-nukuntu-kwiga-mu-mashuli-yisumbuye-na-za-kaminuza-byari-bimeze-kuri-repubulika-ya-mbere-niya-kabiri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UKUNTU KWIGA MU MASHULI YISUMBUYE NA ZA KAMINUZA BYARI BIMEZE KURI REPUBULIKA YA 1 N\u2019IYA 2 - 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