{"id":37795,"date":"2020-09-06T19:12:20","date_gmt":"2020-09-06T17:12:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.therwandan.com\/ki\/?p=37795"},"modified":"2020-09-06T19:12:36","modified_gmt":"2020-09-06T17:12:36","slug":"ibitegerejwe-ku-rubanza-rwa-felicien-kabuga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.therwandan.com\/ki\/ibitegerejwe-ku-rubanza-rwa-felicien-kabuga\/","title":{"rendered":"Ibitegerejwe ku rubanza rwa F\u00e9licien Kabuga"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yandistwe na Andr\u00e9 Guichaoua<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku itariki ya 16 Gicurasi 2020, F\u00e9licien Kabuga, umwe mu bantu ba nyuma bakomeye bakekwaho kuba barakoze icyaha cya jenoside umaze imyaka irenga makumyabiri ashakishwa n\u2019Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), noneho uru rukiko rumaze gufunga, akurikiranwa n\u2019Urwego Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho Gukora Imirimo y\u2019Insigarira y\u2019Inkiko Mpanabyaha (MICT), yafatiwe mu Bufaransa, mu nkengero z\u2019i Paris, aho yari amaze imyaka irenga icumi atuye, agendera kw\u2019izina ritari irye. TPIR imushinja ibyaha bikomeye cyane bya jenoside yakoze nka perezida wa Komite yashinze radiyo RTLM (Radiot\u00e9l\u00e9vision Libre des Mille Collines<\/em>) guhera muri Mata 1993 n\u2019ibyo yakoze nka perezida wa Komite y\u2019agateganyo y\u2019Ikigega cyo kurengera igihugu kuva gishingwa muri Mata 1994. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ifatwa rye ni intangiriro y\u2019urubanza ruzamara igihe kirekire. Nubwo uregwa ari umukambwe ugeze mu zabukuru (afite imyaka 85), kwitaba urukiko bwa mbere ngo aburane mu mizi ntibizaba mbere y\u2019ibyumweru byinshi kandi urubanza rwe ntiruzasomwa mbere nibura y\u2019imyaka itatu. Uretse kuba hitezwe cyane ko urukiko rushobora kuzamuhamya icyaha, hari impamvu nyinshi zigaragaza ko ntawakwizera ko hazashyirwa ahagaragara ibimenyetso byerekana ukuri ku byabaye kubera ko abantu bo mu nzego za politiki n\u2019iz\u2019ubucamanza ndetse n\u2019iz\u2019ubukungu, bari mu gihugu imbere cyangwa b\u2019abanyamahanga, bivanze muri uru rubanza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MICT, kimwe n\u2019u Rwanda, byashyizeho inzego zitwara amafaranga menshi kandi zitwara nk\u2019abakeba ariko zitagira imanza zisuzuma. Guhera muri Kamena 2018, ubutegetsi bwa Kigali bwashyizeho urwego rushinzwe imirimo y\u2019ubutabera yerekeye imanza zishobora kuzaburaninshizwa mu Rwanda<\/a>. Urwo rwego rwashyizweho kugira ngo ubutegetsi bw\u2019u Rwanda bwerekane ko bwacutse, butagikeneye inzego z\u2019ubutabera bwasigiwe n\u2019umuryango w\u2019Abibumbye binyuze muri TPIR. Icyo gihe, u Rwanda rwatangije Urugereko rudasanzwe rushinzwe kuburanisha imanza zoherejwe mu Rwanda na TPIR\/MICT cyangwa n\u2019ibindi bihugu, urwo Rugereko rukaba rukorera mu nyubako y\u2019ubutabera iri i Nyanza, yubatswe ku bufatanye bw\u2019igihugu cy\u2019u Buholandi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muri iri hangana ryavutse buri gice gishaka kwerekana ko ari cyo gifite uburenganzira kurusha ikindi, MICT ikomeza gukora imirimo yayo mu rwego rwemewe n\u2019amategeko, nubwo u Rwanda rugerageza kuyereka ko rwishoboye rutayikeneye. Ni muri urwo rwego, ku itariki ya 20 Mata 2020, Kigali yakoze ibishoboka byose maze Inama Rusange y\u2019Umuryango w\u2019Abibumye ifata umwanzuro uvuga ko inkiko zarwo zifite ububasha bwo kuburanisha imanza zose. Mbere yo gufatwa, icyo cyemezo cyakuruye impaka zikaze, ku buryo Icyemezo 74\/273<\/a> kidakomoza nkana kuri MICT kandi ari yo ifite ububasha busumbye ubw\u2019inkiko z\u2019ibindi bihugu byose bwo gucira imanza abantu bakomeye bakekwaho kuba barakoze icyaha cya jenoside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nubwo hari ipiganwa hagati y\u2019inzego z\u2019ubutabera, ifatwa rya F. Kabuga n\u2019amaburanisha azakurikiraho azaba mu buryo budatunguranye. Kuba yaburanishirizwa mu Bufaransa, nk\u2019uko abamwunganira babisabye, byahise byangwa. Kimwe n\u2019ubusabe bwa Porokireri wa MICT, Serge Brammertz, wifuje ko uregwa yakoherezwa by\u2019agateganyo i La Haye kubera ubuzima bwe butameze neza ndetse n\u2019icyorezo cya koronavirusi. Yavugaga ko ibyo byombi ari imbogamizi ku cyemezo cyo kumwohereza Arusha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku itariki ya 23 Gicurasi, nyuma yuko Ibuka<\/em> isabye u Bufaransa na MICT kohereza F\u00e9licien Kabuga mu Rwanda, umuvugizi w\u2019Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru,Faustin Nkusi, yatangaje ko namara kugera Arusha, MICT ishobora kuzamwohereza mu Rwanda nkuko TPIR yabikoze ku zindi manza zabaye mbere. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku itariki ya 28 Gicurasi, umucamanza wa MICT, William Sekule, yemeje ko azoherezwa Arusha, bityo ahagarika, mu gihe gito, impaka kuri iyo ngingo. Ku itariki ya 30 Gicurasi, icyo cyemezo cye <\/a>cyashyigikiwe n\u2019\u00ab abashinjacyaha b\u2019ab\u2019Abanyarwanda \u00bb. Bamaze kubona ko icyifuzo cyabo cyo kumuburanishiriza mu Rwanda kidashoboka aho urubanza rugeze, \u00ab bavuze ko bemera icyemezo cyo kuburanishiriza Kabuga Arusha<\/em> \u00bb kandi ko bazakorana \u00ab umurava n\u2019abashinjacyaha babagezaho ibimenyetso bikenewe <\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku itariki ya 3 Kamena, urukiko rw\u2019ubujurire rw\u2019i Paris rwashimangiye icyemezo cyafashwe cyo kumwohereza. Ariko icyo cyemezo ntikizajya mu bikorwa mbere y\u2019itariki ya 2 Nzeri, biramutse byihuse, itariki ababuranyi bombi bazatanga imyanzuro yabo imbere y\u2019urukiko rusesa imanza rwagejejweho ikirego n\u2019abunganira F\u00e9licien Kabuga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uko ibintu bizakurikirana mu rwego rw\u2019amategeko biruzuye : kubera ko ifatwa rye ari ikintu gikomeye, nta muntu numwe wateranye amagambo avuga ko afite ububasha bwo kumuburanisha busumbye ubw\u2019abandi kugira ngo bidahungabanya icyemezo cy\u2019inkiko z\u2019u Bufaransa, bityo bigatinza iburanisha, nubwo buri wese yashoboraga kuvuga ko yagize uruhare mw\u2019ifatwa rye. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Porokireri wa MICT, Serge Brammertz, yashoboraga kuvuga ko yageze ku bintu byiza cyane mbere yuko yongererwa gukomeza imirimo ye, bityo bikamwongerera amahirwe ku mwanya yiyamamarijeho wo kuba Porokireri w\u2019Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga. U Bufaransa bwashoboye kwivanaho umutwaro wo kuburanisha urwo rubanza nta muntu ubunenze ko bwacumbikiye uwo mushyitsi wakoreshaga izina ritari irye. Ubutegetsi bw\u2019u Bufaransa bwohereje gukorera i Kigali Porokireri wungirije wo mw\u2019Ishami ryihariye rishinzwe kurwanya ibyaha by\u2019itsembatsemba ryo mu Rukiko rukuru rw\u2019i Paris, aho azakurikirana, nk\u2019umukozi wa MICT, imirimo y\u2019iperereza kuri F\u00e9licien Kabuga. Ku ruhande rwayo, Tanzaniya yishimiye ko Urwego Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho Gukora Imirimo y\u2019Insigarira y\u2019Inkiko Mpanabyaha rukomeza imirimo yarwo Arusha. Ku birebana n\u2019abategetsi b\u2019u Rwanda, bongeye kubona amahirwe yo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zabo zo gukurikira buri kantu kose nk\u2019uko babikoraga igihe TPIR yakoraga imirimo yayo ; bityo bazagira ijambo rikomeye ku nzego zose zerekeye itegura ry\u2019urubanza n\u2019ibizaruvamo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibyo u Rwanda rwifuza<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nkuko rubigenza ku manza zose zerekeye abenegehigu barwo batuye mu mahanga, abategetsi b\u2019u Rwanda bakoresheje ibinyamakuru bya Leta ndetse n\u2019abamotsi babo basanzwe kugira ngo batangaze intego zabo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibyo bibukije n\u2019ingufu mu buryo butunguranye ni ukubahiriza \u00ab ibyagezweho \u00bb na TPIR. Ni muri urwo rwego ikinyamukuru le New Times<\/em> cyatangaje igitekerezo kigaruka ku ihame ryerekekeye ibintu bitagomba kugirwaho impaka byemejwe n\u2019Urugereko rw\u2019ubujurire rwa TPIR, mu mwaka wa 2006, ko \u00ab jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi \u00bb ari igikorwa kizwi n\u2019abantu bose, gifite ingufu z\u2019icyaburanishijwe burundu kandi kigomba kubahirizwa na bose (erga omnes<\/em>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Icyo ubutegetsi bw\u2019i Kigali bwifuza, ni ukobona izindi manza zuzuza kandi zagura ibyabaye byemejwe n\u2019abacamanza ba TPIR. Bityo, ubutegetsi bw\u2019u Rwanda bwifuza ko urubanza rwa Kabuga Arusha rwahinduka iburanisha rya nyuma rikosora ibitaragezweho, nko kugaragaza ko habayeho \u00ab ubwumvikane \u00bb no kwemeza ingingo buhora bwifuza ariko itaremejwe mu rwego rw\u2019amategeko ko habayeho \u00ab gutegura jenoside y\u2019Abatutsi imyaka myinshi mbere yuko iba \u00bb. Kuba iyo ngingo itaremejwe, byatumye kuva imyaka irenze icumi abategetsi b\u2019u Rwanda bahora bibasira bikomeye by\u2019umwihariko abacamanza ba TPIR, ndetse no muri rusange, bibasira Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashuiriweho u Rwanda, barega kujenjeka cyangwa gushyigikira \u00ab abahakana jenoside \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uru rubanza rushobora gutuma icyari gitegerejwe kigerwaho kubera ubukangurambaga bwabaye bwo kwibasira Abatutsi bwakozwe n\u2019abayobozi ba radiyo RTLM n\u2019igurwa ry\u2019imipanga ryaba ryarabaye bateganya icyo izakoreshwa. Ariko kugira ngo ibyo bizagerweho, ibyo bikorwa bigomba kwemerwa \u00ab nk\u2019ibintu bizwi na bose \u00bb, bityo bigahinduka ukuri kuzwi n\u2019isi yose. Ibyo bizasaba nanone ko MICT yemera kwifashisha ibimenyetso nk\u2019ibyo nubwo bihabanye n\u2019ububasha bwayo bushingiye ku gihe icyaha cyakorewe (ratione temporis ;<\/em> mu nyandiko, ubwo bubasha bushingiye ku gihe icyaha cyakorewe ntibwemerera MICT gukurikirana ibikorwa byabaye mbere y\u2019itariki ya mbere Mutarama 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu buryo bwaguye, ibyaha birindwi TPIR ishinja uregwa (jenoside, ubufatanyacyaha muri jenoside, guhamagarira abantu mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame gukora jenoside, ubwinjiracyaha bwa jenoside, ubwumvikane bugamije gukora jenoside, gutoteza no gutsembatsemba) bituma hashobora gutangwa ubuhamya n\u2019ibimenyetso bivuga ku bandi bantu. Ibyo byatuma urutonde, hahamagajwe abatangabuhamya bateguwe n\u2019u Rwanda, rw\u2019ibyabaye bikomeye byemejwe n\u2019urukiko mpuzamahanga byiyongera ; bityo bigashyigikira uko u Rwanda rwanditse amateka y\u2019amahano yagwiriye icyo gihugu, kandi rukaboneraho umwanya wo kumvikanisha, mu rwego rwo kurwanya ihakana n\u2019ipfobya rya jenoside, ko ruharanira gukwiza ku isi yose amateka rwiyandikiye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Byongeye kandi, uru rubanza rushobora guha umwanya abategetsi b\u2019u Rwanda kwibutsa ibyo bahora bavuga, ko ibihugu bifite inshingano zo kuburanisha abakoze ibyaha kandi ko Umuryango w\u2019Abibumbye ukwiye gushyiraho ikigega mpuzamahanga gishinzwe guha indishyi z\u2019akababaro abahohotewe n\u2019abarokotse \u00ab jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nk\u2019uko bishimangirwa mu nyandiko yasohotse muri New Times<\/em><\/a>. Icyo kigega cyashyirwamo amafaranga n\u2019ibihugu byose \u00ab byagize uruhare \u00bb mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa buziguye mu ikorwa rya jenoside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Ni yo ntambara abacitse ku icumu bagiye kurwana mu minsi iri imbere \u00bb <\/em>nkuko ikinyamakuru New Times<\/em> kibyemeza mu gusoza inyandiko yacyo. Itorwa, bitaruhanije ry\u2019umwanzuro wo ku wa 20 Mata 2020 wafatiwe mu Nteko Rusange y\u2019Umuryango w\u2019Abibumbye, rituma umuntu atekereza ko bashobora kuzabitangira mu kwezi kwa Mata 2021. Icyizere gicubya muri iki gihe ubukana bugaragazwa mu mayeri n\u2019abategetsi b\u2019u Rwanda kuva bakimara kumva icyemezo cyo kohereza F\u00e9licien Kabuga kuburanira imbere y\u2019u Rwego Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho Gukora Imirimo y\u2019Insigarira y\u2019Inkiko Mpanabyaha, icyemezo cya ngombwa urebye aho imirimo y\u2019iburanisha igeze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ingorane ubushinjacyaha buzahura nazo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biroroshye kurondora ingingo z\u2019ingenzi zizagaragara mu bitegerejwe kimwe no mu ngorane muri uru rubanza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Icya mbere kijyanye n\u2019imyaka makumyabiri n\u2019itandatu uregwa amaze yihishe, uko yagiye abigenza bikwiye kandi bizasabwa gushyirwa ahagaragara n\u2019uburyo bwose bwakoreshejwe ngo bishoboke. Icyi ngenzi muri ibyo, ikibazo cya za pasiporo zakoreshejwe na za konti mu ma banki, ni ikibazo kigiteye urujijo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku Banyarwanda bakurikiranwe n\u2019ubutabera cyangwa se abumva bashobora kuzakurikiranwa, guhitamo ibihugu bibakira, biterwa n\u2019icyizere cy\u2019umutekano ibyo bihugu bishobora kubaha cyangwa se inyungu z\u2019amafaranga bishobora kuvanamo no kwizera ko bashobora gushyigikirwa n\u2019abanyagihugu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aha ni ho usanga umubare w\u2019ibihugu byinshi cyangwa w\u2019ibikomerezwa byo mu migabane itanu y\u2019isi byamaganiye kure igitero cyo ku ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 cyagabwe ku Rwanda n\u2019ingabo z\u2019Inkotanyi zigashora igihugu cyose mu ntambara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibyo bihugu ni byo kandi byagaragaje, ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, nyuma y\u2019ihanurwa ry\u2019indege ya Perezida ryasize iheruheru ubutegetsi bukuru bw\u2019igihugu n\u2019ubw\u2019ingabo, ko bitegereje kubona amasezerano y\u2019amahoro yari amaze gusinywa n\u2019impande zombi zishyamiranye, ajya mu bikorwa kimwe n\u2019ishyirwaho z\u2019inzego za politiki z\u2019inzibacyuho, mu minsi itatu yakurikiraga ihanurwa ry\u2019indege ya Perezida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibyo bihugu nanone, nyuma y\u2019ugutsinda kw\u2019inyeshyamba zashyizeho ubutegetsi bw\u2019igitugu, byafashije ibihumbi n\u2019ibihumbagiza by\u2019Abanyarwanda basohotse mu gihugu bameneshejwe, bahunga ubwicanyi bushingiye ku kwihorera ; bahunze kandi igihugu kitari kigifite ubutegetsi bushingiye ku mategeko, n\u2019ubwikubire bw\u2019ubutegetsi bwari mu maboko y\u2019abatsinze bonyine ndetse no kwigarurira imitungo yose. Izo mpunzi zashoboye kwiyambaza ubutegetsi bw\u2019ibihugu n\u2019abategetsi babyo, bari bagikomeye ku \u00ab Rwanda rwo hambere \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyamara ukujegajega kwa za Leta zimwe na zimwe, guhindura abategetsi mu nzego za politiki, ugukendera kw\u2019abahoze bakina politiki mu myaka ya 1990, ingufu zashyizwe mu rwego rw\u2019ububanyi n\u2019amahanga, muri politiki ndetse no mu bya gisirikari byakozwe n\u2019abategetsi bashya b\u2019u Rwanda kimwe n\u2019ubufasha bahawe n\u2019urwego rwa Interpol<\/em>, ibyo byose byageze aho bibogamira impunzi zahungiye mu bihugu bitaratera imbere mu majyambere, cyane cyane ibyo muri Afurika. Akazi ko kurwanya umuco udahana kakozwe n\u2019Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ndetse n\u2019inzego z\u2019ubutabera z\u2019ibihugu runaka, byaciye intege buhoro buhoro cyangwa bihashya burundu, abari bagize amatsinda aharanira ikiremwamuntu mu mpunzi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bityo guhitamo kujya gutura mu Burayi, by\u2019umwihariko mu Bufransa hakoreshejwe izina ry\u2019irihimbano, byarashobotse bitaruhanije kandi byaramufashije mu rwego rw\u2019amafranga yari amaze kuba make. Mu gusoza kuri iyi ngingo, gucika ubutabera n\u2019urugendo rwa nyuma rwo kwihisha igihe kirekire bya F\u00e9licien Kabuga byashobotse kubera ko yavuganaga gusa n\u2019abantu bo mu muryango we bwite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizarushya kuvumbura inzira yanyuzemo zose no kumenya abantu baziranye nawe kuva kera babigizemo uruhare mu bihugu byinshi binyuranye, urugero nko kumenya inzego z\u2019imirimo n\u2019abantu<\/a> barinze Kabuga, cyangwa bakingiye ikibaba uko gutoroka no kwihisha. Abo si bo bazajya mu gikorwa, babyibwirije, cyo kugaragaza ukuri n\u2019ubutabera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuva ku birego kugera ku bimenyetso<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu itangazamakuru, ibihavugwa n\u2019ibihatangazwa, usangamo ibitekerezo bimwe nk\u2019ibyo mu wa 1999 igihe Porokireri Carla del Ponte ashyira ahagaragara inyandiko y\u2019ibirego. Usangamo ibisobanuro bimwe ko uregwa yari umutumizi w\u2019imipanga mu mahanga, ko iyo mipanga yakoreshejwe n\u2019abakoze jonoside, ko yari \u201cumuntu ukize kurusha abandi mu gihugu\u201d, ko yari afite icyo apfana n\u2019umuryango wa Perezida wa Republika, imirimo yari ashinzwe mu buyobozi bwa RTLM, gutanga inkunga y\u2019amafaranga mu gutunganya imikorere y\u2019inzego z\u2019insoresore zitwara gisirikare no muri gahunda yo kwirwanaho kw\u2019abaturage. Kuri izi ngingo ebyiri za nyuma, habayeho imanza nyinshyi zaciwe kandi zagaragaje imyanzuro ihagije yumvikana; ariko ku bindi aregwa, haracyari akazi k\u2019ubushakashatsi bwimbitse nko gusobanura ingingo yerekeye \u201c gutanga inkunga y\u2019amafaranga mu ikorwa rya jenoside\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuva mu wa 1995, Porokireri w\u2019Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda yakoze amaperereza atandukanye ku birebana n\u2019amafaranga agamije kumenya uruhare rwa Minisitiri w\u2019imari (Emmanuel Ndindabahizi) na Minisitiri w\u2019Imigambi ya Leta (Augustin Ngirabatware), urwa F\u00e9licien Kabuga, sebukwe w\u2019uyu Ngirabatware no ku bandi bantu. Ibiro bya Porokireri byavugaga ko \u00ab umugambi wo gukora jenoside \u00bb wagombaga kuba uherekejwe ukanarangwa n\u2019ibyemezo bigaragara mu rwego rw\u2019ubukungu. Mu bimenyetso yashakaga gutanga harimo ibikubiye mu cyiswe raporo Galand-Chossudovsky<\/a> ivuga ko \u00ab gucura umugambi wa jenosidi \u00bb byashobotse kubera ko F. Kabuga yatumije mu mahanga umubare uhanitse kandi udasanzwe w\u2019imipanga. Mu gihe gito cyane, ubushakashatsi bwa TPIR bwasanze nta bimenyetso bifatika kuri iyo ngingo. Ku rundi ruhande, inyandiko zavuye mw\u2019ishami ry\u2019ishyinguranyandiko zo muri za minisiteri zibishinzwe nk\u2019izarebwaga n\u2019amafaranga akoreshwa mu bya gisirikari ntizagaragaje isano n\u2019ikorwa rya jenoside. Ingingo yerekeye uruhare rw\u2019imipanga basanze idafatika + reba inyandiko ya Tissot. Porokireri yasanze bizamugora cyane kugaragaza uburyozwacyaha butaziguye bw\u2019uregwa ku giti cye no kwemeza ko iyo mipanga yari yatumijwe hagambiriwe kwica abantu. Ubwinshi bw\u2019inyandiko mbonezamibare n\u2019icungamari zagombaga gusuzumwa, igiciro gihanitse cyo guhemba abazakora ako kazi, kuba byaramunaniye kwerekana ko habayeho igitekerezo cyo gukora jenoside, ibyo byose byatumye Porokireri azibukira igingo yuko habayeho igikorwa cyo gukusanya amafaranga \u201cmbere\u201d yuko jenoside iba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu mwaka wa 1999, amaze kubona ko iyo ngingo imunaniye, Porokireri yerekeje ubushakashatsi bwe ku birebana n\u2019iperereza rijyanye n\u2019ikoreshwa ry\u2019amafaranga mu gusuzuma inyandiko mpuzamibare n\u2019izerekeye icungamari n\u2019imitegekere y\u2019abakozi bo mu bigo bya Leta n\u2019ibyikorera ku giti cyabyo. Iryo cukumbura ryashoboye kwerekana uburyo amafaranga yakusanyagwa kandi rigaragaza inzego zafashije mu gushyiraho no gutoza urubyiruko rwa MRND n\u2019urw\u2019ayandi mashyaka ya politiki. Iryo cukumbura ryashyize kandi ahagaragara uburyo imitungo y\u2019ibigo bya Leta yakoreshejwe mu ntambara ishyamiranya abanyagihugu n\u2019ubwo ibyinshi byagiye bikorwa n\u2019amafaranga ahererekanijwe mu ntoki; bityo nta bimenyetso bifatika kuri iryo cicikana ry\u2019amafaranga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu mwaka wa 2001, amaperereza yateye indi ntera kubera ko Minisitri w\u2019Ubucamanza, Jean de Dieu Mucyo, yasabiye abakora amaperereza uburenganzira bwo gusuzuma imikorere ya za banki zo mu Rwanda no gusuzuma konti z\u2019abantu ku giti cyabo n\u2019iz\u2019inzego bakekwagaho kuba baranyereje imitungo mu buryo rusange y\u2019amasosiyete ya Leta n\u2019aya za minisiteri ku nyungu za politiki. Hanyerejwe imitungo y \u2018amasosiyeti ya Leta no mu ngengo y\u2019imali ya za ministeri zikomeye. Hifashishijwe inyandiko zifatika, umurimo wo kujonjora, wo gukusanya amakuru no kunononsora iyigwa ryayo, werekanye imiyoboro yo kunyereza bikabije amafranga yagenewe imishinga y\u2019amajyambere, ayo mu bigo bya Leta no muri za minisiteri. Iryo nyereza rikaba ryarakozwe mu nyungu zihariye bwite z\u2019abantu ku giti cyabo, gushaka abo bakorana cyangwa ababayoboka, gushinga amasosiyeti ya nyirarureshwa yifashishijwe mu gusohora amafaranga mu gihugu rwihishwa cyangwa gusohora \u201camafranga y\u2019abantu ku giti cyabo\u201d bayajyana mu mahanga bamaze kubona ko gutsindwa kwegereje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibimenyetso simusiga byatanzwe mu manza zikomeye, haba imbere y\u2019Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ndetse n\u2019imbere y\u2019izindi nkiko z\u2019amahanga. Kubera umuco wo kudahana warangwaga muri izo nzego, kohereza amafaranga hanze byakorwaga ku buryo butaziguye yerekeza kuri za konti nyirizina y\u2019ibikomerezwa. Ibyo byateye inkeke ikomeye cyane mu bantu batandukanye. Batangiye gutinya ko amaperereza yerekeranye na jenoside ashobora gushyira ahagaragara uburyo bwakoreshwaga kera cyangwa bukoreshwa muri iki gihe bwo kunyereza umutungo w\u2019igihugu cyangwa uw\u2019amasosiyete yigenga, bawikubira ku nyungu zabo cyangwa iza politiki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muri Gicurasi 2001, ibiro bya Porokireri byagerageje kwagura ubushakashatsi bwabwo kugira ngo bushyiremo abari mu bushorishori bw\u2019ubutegetsi. Hemejwe gahunda y\u2019akazi kajyanye n\u2019ubwo bushakashatsi <\/a>yohererezwa Minisitiri w\u2019Ubucamanza iherekejwe n\u2019umugereka w\u2019urutonde rw\u2019amazina y\u2019abantu ku giti cyabo n\u2019ay\u2019ibigo bitandukanye. Ubwo busabe bwarimo kandi amafaranga yoherejwe n\u2019abategetsi ba Leta nshya bigabije za konti n\u2019imitungo y\u2019abari bagize Leta yavuyeho bitabye Imana, abakurikiranyweho ibyaha cyangwa abo ubutegetsi bushya bwagize \u201cingaruzwamuheto\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nyamara uwo munsi nyirizina w\u2019ubwo busabe, igikuba cyaracitse mu mabanki, cyane cyane ayo mu Bubiligi, yihutiye gutangariza hamwe ko adashyigikiye icyo cyemezo maze abimenyesha ubutegetsi bw\u2019ikirenga bw\u2019u Rwanda. Ayo maperereza yatewe utwatsi havugwa ko yabangamira \u00abinzira y\u2019ubwiyunge bw\u2019igihugu\u00bb no \u00abkubaka igihugu\u00bb kubera ko ashobora gutera ubwoba abashoramari bakora imirimo yo gutumiza no kohereza ibintu mu mahanga, kandi bo batarebwaga n\u2019iryo perereza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizagenda bite mu mezi ari imbere, igihe abashinzwe iperereza bo mu biro bya Porokireri bazasaba ibimenyetso nk\u2019ibyo bifatika mu Rwanda, mu Bubiligi, mu Busuwisi, mu Bufransa cyangwa n\u2019ahandi? Ese umuntu yakwizera ko izo nyandiko mbikamateka zaba zarabitswe neza?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukwizerwa kw\u2019abatangabuhamya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ikibazo cya gatatu kerekeye ukwizerwa kw\u2019abatangabuhamya. Kuri iyi ngingo ntawabura gutangazwa n\u2019ubuhanga abigisha b\u2019abanyarwanda babyitwaramo. Bazi gukoresha amahugurwa yimbitse y\u2019abatangabuhamya batoranijwe, bagenewe gucura ibimenyetso ku buryo bigorana kubivuguruza kubera ko abategetsi ari bo bonyine bafite uburenganzira bwo kugera ahantu hose no guhura n\u2019abahatuye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nkuko byagaragaye mu manza nyinshi, u Rwanda ntirwigeze rwemera kuzibukira ingeso yo gukoresha abatangabuhamya bashinja ibinyoma, cyangwa bacura ibimenyetso by\u2019amariganya. Nk\u2019urugero, umuntu yakwibaza niba Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru buzatinyuka gutanga nk\u2019umutangabuhamya, uwahoze ari umunyamakuru kuri radiyo RTLM, Val\u00e9rie Bemeriki? Nyuma y\u2019aho bamukatiye igihano cyo gufungwa burundu mu Rwanda, yahindutse umutangabuhamya wa hato na hato w\u2019abategetsi mu manza nyinshyi, nubwo mu rubanza rwiswe urw\u2019abanyamakuru, Ingereko zombi za TPIR zanze ubuhamya bwe bwose uko bwakabaye. Abacamanza banzuye ko \u201cbasanze ibyo yavugaga biteye agahinda\u201d. Ibyo ntibyabujije ariko Umushinjacyaha Th\u00e9og\u00e8ne Rwabahizi ukora mu ishami ry\u2019u Rwanda rishinzwe gukurikirana abakoze jenoside bahunze ubutabera bari mu mahanga, gufatanya na we kwandika, ku itariki ya 6 Kanama 2016, ubuhamya burebure bwari bwometse ku nyandiko isaba gufata Enoch Ruhigira, wahoze ari Umuyobozi w\u2019Ibiro bya Perezida Juv\u00e9nal Habyarimana. Muri ubwo buhamya, avuga ko ku itariki ya \u00ab 9 cyangwa ya 10 Mata \u00bb, ubwo yari asohotse mu biro by\u2019umuyobozi wa radiyo RTLM, Bwana Ruhigira ngo yaba yarasabye abasirikari babiri kurasa ako kanya, abasore babiri bihitiraga, yitaga Abatutsi. Nyamara Enoch Ruhigira icyo gihe yari yarahungiye, kuva ku itariki ya 7 Mata, kwa Ambasaderi w\u2019Ububiligi aho yavanywe yerekeza mu Burayi ku itariki ya 12. Iyo dosiye yari irimo kandi inyandikomvugo z\u2019ubuhamya bw\u2019abatangabuhamya bemeza ko babonye uregwa (Enoch Ruhigira) mu manama y\u2019abaturage y\u2019ubukangurambaga muri ariya mezi atatu ya jenoside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuri izo mpungenge, hari ikindi kibazo cy\u2019abatangabuhamya benshi bamaze kwitaba Imana, kubera igihe kininigishize, no kuba inyandikombikamateka zikomeye zishobora kuba zaraciwe (cyane cyane inyandiko za banki), imwe mu nguni zikomeye zubakiyeho urubanza rwa F\u00e9licien Kabuga izaba ukwizerwa kw\u2019abatangabuhamya n\u2019agaciro k\u2019ibimeyetso bizashyikirizwa abacamanza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nkuko Damien Vandermeersch yabisobanue mu nama mpuzamahanga yabaye mu wa 2009 yigaga ibyagezweho n\u2019Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda<\/a>, ikibazo gikunda kubazwa ingereko za TPIR giteye gitya : \u00ab Byagenda bite kugira ngo igihe hakorwa iperereza birusheho gukorwa mu buryo buhesha amategeko agaciro kandi burusheho kugibwaho impaka n\u2019impande zombi kandi mu buryo bugaragara mu mucyo ? <\/em>Uwo mucamanza w\u2019Umubiligi yatanze inama agira ati : \u00ab igenzura ryimbitse ku mushinjacyaha \u00bb ku <\/em>maperereza akora no kwemera ko ayo maperereza agibwaho impaka byatuma ubwunganizi bw\u2019uregwa bumenya uko dosiye iteye mu gihe amaperereza arimo gukorwa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ababuranyi bombi babigiramo inyungu kandi byatuma uru rubanza rugaragaza ukuri ku bibazo by\u2019ingenzi bitarabonerwa igisubizo ku birebana n\u2019abagize uruhare mu byabaye n\u2019uko ibyo bikorwa bateje, cyangwa bashyigikiye, byagiye bikurikirana. Urwego Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho Gukora Imirimo y\u2019Insigarira y\u2019Inkiko Mpanabyaha ni rwo rugomba kubishyira mu bikorwa mu izina rya TPIR rwasimbuye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ariko se, iyo nshingano n\u2019imirimo iteganijwe kugira ngo igerweho, tutirengagije n\u2019ubuzeduke buzwi ku rukiko mpuzamahanga, bizagera ku cyo Abanyarwanda barutegerejeho ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukuri kuzuye cyangwa kwandika bundi bushya amateka<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibi bibaye mu gihe imibanire ya TPIR n\u2019ubutegetsi bwa Kigali irangwa rw\u2019ubwunvikane buke bukabije bwagiye bukurikirana, bibaye kandi mu gihe umugabane w\u2019Afurika ukemanga ukwizerwa k\u2019ubutabera mpuzamahanga, bityo akaba ari ikigeragezo gikomeye kuri MICT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku bantu bifuza kumenya ibyabaye mu Rwanda, mu gihe hagiye kuba urubanza nk\u2019uru rw\u2019abantu bavugaga rikijyana mu nzego za politiki n\u2019iz\u2019ubukungu, ntibyakumvikana ko ibintu byinshyi byo mu rwego rwafataga ibyemezo, urushinzwe ubutegetsi bw\u2019igihugu, imiyoborere y\u2019intambara na jenoside, ni ukuvuga inshingano za buri wese, ko ibyo byose bidashyirwa ahagaragara hashingiwe ku makuru n\u2019ibikorwa bigiweho impaka mu buryo bunyomozanya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku Rwanda igiharanirwa ni uko hakwemerwa mu rwego rw\u2019amategeko ko habayeho \u00abitegurwa rya jenosidi yakorewe Abatutsi imyaka myinshi mbere yuko iba \u00bb, <\/em>icyemezo kitigeze gifatwa n\u2019urugereko na rumwe rwa TPIR. Naho igitekerezo \u00ab cy\u2019umugambi wa jenoside \u00bb (Agathe Kanziga, umupfakazi wa Perezida Juv\u00e9nal Habyarimana, Protais Zigiranyirazo, muzasa we, F\u00e9licien Kabuga, ubarirwa mu muryango wa Perezida, Koloneli Th\u00e9oneste Bagosora, etc.) icyo gitekerezo cyashyigikiwe n\u2019abashinjacyaha ba mbere ba TPIR nticyarenze umutaru kubera kubura ibimenyetso bihagije nubwo u Rwanda rutahwemye gukomeza gusunikiriza icyo kirego. Ugutsindwa k\u2019u Rwanda kuri iyo ngingo kwashimangiwe n\u2019abacamanza mu rubanza rwa Bagosora kubera ko batigeze bemeza ko habayeho \u00ab ubwunvikane \u00bb, bongera kubyemeza mu rubanza rw\u2019ubujurire rwa Zigiranyirazo bavuga ko ari umwere. Naho ku byerekeye Agathe Kanziga, ntabwo TPIR yigeze imukurikirana, bityo mu mwaka wa 2001, F\u00e9licien Kabuga yabaye umuntu w\u2019ibanze Porokireri ashakisha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nubwo kumuhamya icyaha ku kirego \u00ab cy\u2019ubwumvikane \u00bb kubera uruhare rwe kuri radiyo RTLM biri kure nk\u2019ukwezi hashingiwe ku bukemuramanza bwo mu rubanza rwiswe urubanza rw\u2019itangazamakuru (proc\u00e8s des M\u00e9dias<\/em>), uru rubanza rushobora gutuma hatekerezwa gutangiza urubanza rw\u2019abegereye umuryango wa Perezida (bita Akazu). Ibyo byaba bishimangiye icyemezo cyahamije icyaha Augustin Ngirabatware, umukwe we, intiti n\u2019umujyanama w\u2019umuryango wa Perezida. Nyuma yuko Agathe Kanziga agiriye mu Bufaransa, ku itariki ya 9 Mata 1994, abagize umuryango wa Perezida batajyanwe hanze y\u2019igihugu, bagiye ku Gisenyi ku itariki ya 11 Mata, aho basanzwe n\u2019abandi bantu nka F\u00e9licien Kabuga. Bacumbitse mw\u2019ihoteri yitwa M\u00e9ridien Izuba, aho bahuriraga n\u2019abayobozi bakuru bo mu rwego rwa politiki n\u2019urwa gisirikare bafitanye isano n\u2019Akazu. Dushingiye ku makuru dufite, aho yari mu buhungiro i Paris mu Bufaransa, Agathe Kanziga yavuganaga n\u2019abari bashyize icyicaro gikuru cyabo kuri M\u00e9ridien maze abahuza n\u2019abakuru b\u2019ibihugu benshi bo muri Afurika bashyigikiye umurongo w\u2019ububanyi n\u2019amahanga wa Leta y\u2019inzibacyuho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku itariki ya 3 Nyakanga 2020, Urukiko rw\u2019Ubujurire rw\u2019i Paris, rwemeje ko ibikomerezwa byo muri FPR bidahamwa n\u2019icyaha, kubera ko nta bimenyetso bifatika byatanzwe, mu rubanza baregwaga kuba barahanuye indege ya Perezida ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994. Ku bategetsi b\u2019u Rwanda, icyo cyemezo ko icyaha kitabahama gishatse kuvuga ko abatungwa agatoki ari abahezanguni b\u2019Abahutu batashakaga amasezerano y\u2019amahoro y\u2019Arusha, bakaba baranateguye jenoside kuva intambara itangiye. Agathe Kanziga akaba abarirwa ku isonga ry\u2019abo bahezanguni. Ngo yaba yarategetse abagize umutwe w\u2019abasirikari barinda Perezida kwishora mu buhotozi n\u2019ubwicanyi bwabaye mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 6 n\u2019iya 7 Mata 1994, kimwe nuko yaba yarategetse Interahamwe z\u2019i Kigali kwishora mu bwicanyi bwahitanye imbaga y\u2019abantu. Ngo akaba yarashyize Bagosora ku isonga ryo gushyiraho guverninema y\u2019Abatabazi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uko ikizava mu rubanza kizaba kimeze kose, urubanza rwa Kabuga rushobora kuzaha umwanya ubutegetsi bw\u2019i Kigali uburyo bwo kongera gukwiza hose ko Agathe Habyarimana yazaburanishirizwa mu Rwanda. Urwo rubanza ruramutse rubaye uko babyifuza byaba bihaye abategetsi b\u2019u Rwanda intsinzi mu rwego rwa politiki kandi byaba bibaye ikimenyetso cy\u2019uko abategetsi b\u2019u Rwanda begukanye intsinzi mu miburanishirize y\u2019imanza ndetse no mu rwego rwa politiki, ibyo bakaba barananiwe kubigeraho kugeza magingo aya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bitwaje izi manza, ikihutirwa ku Rwanda ni ukunoza inyandiko yuko babona amahano yabaye mu Rwanda, yahindutse amateka y\u2019igihugu ku byerekeye intambara na jenoside, ayo mateka mashya agakingirwa ikibaba n\u2019amategeko yafashwe mu rwego rwo kurwanya ihakana n\u2019ipfobya bya jenoside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cyakora kuburanishiriza Agathe Kanziga mu Rwanda ntibyoroshye nk\u2019uko Perezida w\u2019u Rwanda yagiye abitanganza mu biganiro yagiranye n\u2019abanyamakuru. Ku itariki ya mbere Mata 2019, ubwo yasubizaga ikinyamakuru Jeune Afrique.<\/em> Ikibazo : \u00ab <\/em>Mwaba mukeka ko umunsi umwe bazabemerera kumwohereza mu Rwanda ? <\/strong>Igisubizo :\u00ab <\/strong>Ntabwo mbizi. Ariko niba icyo dusaba tudashobora kugihabwa bitewe n\u2019impanvu iyi cyangwa iriya yaba ishingirwaho, kuki uriya mugore atigeze na rimwe ashakishwa na TPIR cyangwa ubutabera bw\u2019Ubufaransa ? Kuki atigeze akorerwaho iperereza mu gihugu yahungiyemo ? Ibintu birivugira ubwabyo \u2026 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni byo koko Agathe Kanziga ntabwo yigeze akurikiranwa na TPIR. Byari gushoboka bite ko abashinjacyaha bakurikirana umupfakazi wa Perezida Juv\u00e9nal Habyarimana mu gihe bari bamaze kwanga kwakira ikirego cyo guhanura indege, hanyuma bakemera ko FPR itazigera ikurikirwanwa na rimwe imbere y\u2019ubutabera, ubwo bahagarikaga \u00ab amaperereza yihariye \u00bb yerekeranye n\u2019ibyaha FPR yakoze ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu kindi kiganiro yagiranye n\u2019ikinyamakuru Jeune Afrique<\/em> ku itariki ya 2 Nyakaga 2020, Paul Kagame yavuze ko atemera na gato ko habaho kongera gutangira dosiye y\u2019ihanurwa ry\u2019indege mu rwego rw\u2019ubujurire bwashyikirijwe Urukiko Rusesa Imanza mu Bufaransa<\/strong>. Kuri we, kumenya abahanuye indege ntabwo ari ngombwa. Amateka aboneye y\u2019igihugu ntiyandikwa hifashishijwe ibimenyetso, ahubwo ashingira ku busumbane bw\u2019imbaraga hagati y\u2019abahanganye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ku ruhande rumwe, ubutegetsi bw\u2019u Rwanda buhirimbanira kwanduza no kwandagaza isura y\u2019umuryango w\u2019uwahoze ari umukuru w\u2019igihugu, ku rundi ruhande, bugatera hejuru buvuga ko hakwiye kubaho urubanza rutabogamye. Urubanza nk\u2019urwo ruramutse rubaye rwatuma habaho impaka zivuguruzanya ku ihanurwa ry\u2019indege ryabaye ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, abashyigikiye icyo gikorwa mu rwego mpuzamahanga, ibyaha by\u2019intambara n\u2019iby\u2019ibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe na FPR mu nzira yo gufata ubutegetsi ikoresheje intwaro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ntawamenya uko ibintu bizagenda Arusha<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu gihe kwizera ko hazaboneka amakuru ajyanye n\u2019uburyo F. Kabuga yashyigikiwe mu kwihisha no gutoroka bigerwa ku mashyi, no mu gihe abatangabuhamya bigishwa kuzahimbira uregwa bikomeje kwera no guhabwa intebe mu Rwanda, birashoboka ko u Rwanda rwasaba Urwego Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho Gukora Imirimo y\u2019Insigarira y\u2019Inkiko Mpanabyaha kwikuraho dosiye ya F. Kabuga rukayiha ubucamanza bwo mu Rwanda, nyuma y\u2019uko hazaba hamaze kwemezwa burundu n\u2019ubutabera bw\u2019Ubufaransa ko uregwa yashyikirizwa MICT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu cyemezo cyafashwe ku itariki ya 28 Gicurasi 2020 cyanga ko Kabuga yaba ajyanwe i La Haye, umucamanza Sekule yavuze ko hategerezwa ivanwaho ry\u2019imbogamizi zitewe n\u2019icyorezo cya koronavirusi mbere yo gutegura urugendo rwo komwohereza muri Tanzaniya, hanyuma akomeza asobanura neza ko \u00ab niba kumwohereza ku ishami rya MICT riri Arusha bidashobotse mu gihe gikwiye, hashakishwa ubundi buryo bukwiriye \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kugeza uyu munsi, haracyari ibintu bidasobanutse byerekeye kumwohereza Arusha : ubuzima bw\u2019uregwa, inzego zikwiriye zivura koronavirusi, gushaka abakozi bashya, gutegura imirimo y\u2019iburanisha, abatangabuhamya, n\u2019ibindi n\u2019ibindi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu gihe ibintu bimeze bityo, byashoboka bite ko hatatekerezwa ko u Rwanda rushobora kuba \u00ab ubundi buryo bukwiye<\/em> \u00bb Tuributsa kandi ko Inteko Rusange y\u2019Umuryango w\u2019Abibumbye yasabye \u00ab ibihugu byose gufatanya na Guverinema y\u2019u Rwanda gukora amaperereza ku byabaye, guta muri yombi, gukurikirana cyangwa kohereza mu Rwanda abantu bose bakekwaho kuba barakoze jenoside bahunze bari mu mahanga batarafatwa<\/em> \u00bb. Ikindi ni uko u Rwanda rwashyizeho Urukiko rukuru rushinzwe imanza nk\u2019izo ; kandi ko bizwi ku isi yose ko u Rwanda rufite imicungire itagira amakemwa yo kwirinda icyorezo cya koronavirusi ; byongeye kandi u Rwanda ni cyo gihugu cyonyine muri Afurika cyemewe n\u2019Umuryango w\u2019Ubumwe bw\u2019Uburayi gusubizaho ingendo z\u2019indege.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ibyo bizashyigikira imvugo ya Ibuka, ishyirahamwe ry\u2019abacitse ku icumu, <\/a>ivuga ko : \u00ab Aramutse yoherejwe mu Rwanda, nk\u2019urugero, hazakwigwa ikibazo cyo kuriha ibyangijwe \u00bb,<\/em> ibi byavuzwe na Perezida wayo, Jean-Pierre Dusingizemungu wibukije ko kugeza ubu \u00ab ubucamanza mpuzamahanga butigeze buteganya ikibazo cyo kwishyura ibyangijwe<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arusha, La Haye, Kigali ? Ikibazo kiracyari cyose ariko uko igisubizo kizaba kiri kose, ntabwo kizashyira iherezo ku ipiganwa hagati ya MICT n\u2019u Rwanda. Cyakora ikindi gitekerezo gishobora kuzamo kigatembagaza ibindi byose : ni ukwemera icyaha. Iburanisha nk\u2019iryo ryakwemezwa n\u2019abacamanza nyuma yo kumva uregwa mu buryo busesuye, bikamusaba kuvuga ukuri ku bikorwa byemejwe ko byabaye. Ibyo biramutse byemewe na Porokireri Serge Brammertz, byatanga imiburanishirize yoroshye kandi ikizavamo kikaba kizwi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yandistwe na Andr\u00e9 Guichaoua Ku itariki ya 16 Gicurasi 2020, F\u00e9licien Kabuga, umwe mu bantu ba nyuma bakomeye bakekwaho kuba barakoze icyaha cya jenoside umaze imyaka irenga makumyabiri ashakishwa n\u2019Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), noneho uru rukiko rumaze gufunga, akurikiranwa n\u2019Urwego Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho Gukora Imirimo y\u2019Insigarira y\u2019Inkiko Mpanabyaha (MICT), yafatiwe mu Bufaransa, mu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":37796,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-isesengura"],"yoast_head":"\nIbitegerejwe ku rubanza rwa F\u00e9licien Kabuga - Umunyarwanda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.therwandan.com\/ki\/ibitegerejwe-ku-rubanza-rwa-felicien-kabuga\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ibitegerejwe ku rubanza rwa F\u00e9licien Kabuga - 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