{"id":8907,"date":"2014-11-10T01:31:24","date_gmt":"2014-11-09T23:01:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.therwandan.com\/ki\/?p=8907"},"modified":"2014-11-10T01:31:24","modified_gmt":"2014-11-09T23:01:24","slug":"inteko-nyarwanda-yururimi-numuco-yashimiye-dr-shimamungu-ishyaka-nubushake-afite-byo-kubona-ikinyarwanda-cyandikwa-neza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.therwandan.com\/ki\/inteko-nyarwanda-yururimi-numuco-yashimiye-dr-shimamungu-ishyaka-nubushake-afite-byo-kubona-ikinyarwanda-cyandikwa-neza\/","title":{"rendered":"Inteko Nyarwanda y\u2019Ururimi n\u2019Umuco yashimiye Dr Shimamungu ishyaka n\u2019ubushake afite byo kubona Ikinyarwanda cyandikwa neza"},"content":{"rendered":"

IBISOBANURO KU NGINGO DR. EUG\u00c8NE NSHIMAMUNGU YAGIZEHO IMPUNGENGE MU MABWIRIZA YA MINISITIRI YEREKEYE IMYANDIKIRE Y’IKINYARWANDA YASOHOTSE MU IGAZETI YA LETA NO 41 BIS YO KU WA 13\/10\/2014.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Turagushimira muvandimwe Eug\u00e8ne SHIMAMUNGU kubera ko wagaragaje rwose ishyaka n\u2019ubushake ufite byo kubona Ikinyarwanda cyandikwa neza. Turagushimira kandi kuba warashimye Inteko Nyarwanda y\u2019Ururimi n\u2019Umuco ugaragaza ko hari ibyo yakoze mu mabwiriza nawe wari utegereje. Impungunge wagize ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe na zo zirumvikana kuko zishobora kugirwa na buri wese cyane iyo asanga imyandikire ikwiriye gushingira ku isesengura ry\u2019amagambo no ku nkomoko yayo. Ibi ariko byatera impungenge na none kubera ko abantu bose bandika si ko\u00a0 bose bahugukiwe n\u2019uburyo bwo gusesengura. Ikindi ni uko n\u2019uwaba abihugukiwe akajya abanza gusesengura ijambo akabona kumenya uko aryandika byaba ari akazi kagoranye. Byaba rero birushijeho gukomerera\u00a0 abatarize iyigandimi ry\u2019Ikinyarwanda.<\/p>\n

Dukurikije impungenge wagaragaje, twaguha ibisobanuro bikurikira:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Kuvanaho ibihekane \u00ab nc \u00bb, \u00ab ncw \u00bb (ingingo ya 10, 13)<\/p>\n

Ibi bihekane ntabwo bishingiye ku iyigamvugo ahubwo bishingiye ku iyigantego. Ni ukuvuga ko uvuga amenya niba ari bukoreshe\u00a0nc\u00a0<\/b>cyangwa\u00a0nsh<\/b>\u00a0ari uko abanje gusesengura ijambo (i-n-cuti<\/b>),\u00a0 akamenya ko igicumbi cy\u2019ijambo\u00a0(-cuti<\/b>) gitangirwa na\u00a0c<\/b>, na ho mu ijambo\u00a0inshishi<\/b>\u00a0(i-n-shishi<\/b>) kigatangirwa na\u00a0sh<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Nyamara uvuze\u00a0incuti<\/b>\u00a0undi akavuga\u00a0inshuti<\/b>\u00a0ntibihindura igisobanuro cy\u2019iryo jambo. Iyi migirire inyuranye n\u2019ihame ry\u2019igeruramajwi ndetse n\u2019ihame ry\u2019iyoroshyamategeko mu myandikire, kuko uwandika bimusaba kubanza gukora isesengurajambo kugira\u00a0 ngo amenye niba ari bwandike neza, kandi ubwo bumenyi atari buri wese ubufite.<\/p>\n

Kuba ibi bihekane \u201cnc\u201d na \u201cncw\u201d bitaboneka muri ruriya rutonde byatewe n\u2019uko mu iyigandimi, iyo inturike nkubyi zibanjirijwe n\u2019inyamazuru, inturike t, p, ziratakara. Mu rwego rwo koroshya imyandikire, hakoreshwa ibimenyetso\u00a0nsh<\/b>\u00a0mu mwanya wa\u00a0nc<\/b>;\u00a0nshw<\/b>\u00a0mu mwanya wa\u00a0ncw<\/b>;\u00a0nshy<\/b>\u00a0mu mwanya wa\u00a0ncy<\/b>;ns<\/b>\u00a0mu mwanya wa\u00a0nts;<\/b>\u00a0na\u00a0mf<\/b>\u00a0mu mwanya wa\u00a0mpf<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Aha rero twakumara impungenge ko kuba igihekane\u00a0nts\u00a0<\/b>kizajya cyandikwa gusa n\u2019igihekane\u00a0ns<\/b>bidahindura inshinga \u201cgutsinda\u201d ngo ihinduke \u201cgusinda\u201d nk\u2019uko wabigaragaje. Binabaye \u201cgusinda ibitego\u201d mu gihe bibaye byinshi bigatera ibyishimo byinshi, bizasobanuka hakurikijwe uburyo interuro iteye. Bityo n\u2019ikivugwa gihite cyumvikana.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ikibazo gituruka ku kuvanaho igihekane \u201ccy\u201d imbere ya \u201ce\u201d na \u201ci\u201d (Ingingo ya 12).<\/p>\n

Amabwiriza y\u2019imyandikire agamije kunoza no guhuza imyandiko.\u00a0 Ibyo bikaba bituma habaho imyandikire imwe,\u00a0 kuko gutandukanya\u00a0ki<\/b>\u00a0na\u00a0cyi<\/b>\u00a0bishingiye ku iyigantego. Kwandika ushingiye ku iyigantego bigora abandika batari abahanga mu isesengura ry\u2019amagambo.<\/p>\n

Kubera ko\u00a0k\u00a0<\/b>imbere y\u2019inyajwi\u00a0e<\/b>\u00a0na\u00a0i\u00a0<\/b>ikora kimwe na\u00a0cy\u00a0<\/b>icyaba kiza ni ugukoresha ibimenyetso bikeya no guhuza uburyo bw\u2019imyandikire. Kuba twanditse mu bumwe\u00a0Ikibabi k\u2019igiti\u00a0<\/i>ntibibuza ko mu bwinshi twandika\u00a0Ibibabi by\u2019ibiti.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ibi dusobanuye aha ni na byo bireba imyandikire ya \u201cjy\u201d imbere ya \u201ce\u201d na \u201ci\u201d kuko gutandukanya\u00a0gi<\/b>\u00a0na\u00a0jyi<\/b>na byo bishingiye ku iyigantego.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Imyandikire ya gihanga<\/p>\n

Wanenze ko muri aya mabwiriza bakomeza kubwira abandika gukoresha akamenyetso k\u2019agatemeri mu kwandika isaku nyejuru aho gukoresha ikimenyetso cy\u2019agasharu\u00a0<\/i>(\u2018). Aka kamenyetso uvuga abateguye aya mabwiriza barakazi. Ariko ibitekerezo by\u2019impuguke n\u2019amabwiriza yariho mbere y\u2019iri byemeje aka kamenyetso k\u2019agatemeri, kandi kugeza ubu na ko kaboneka ku nyajwi zose z\u2019Ikinyarwanda ziboneka muri mudasobwa.<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Inshinga mburabuzi\u00a0ni<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Ibyo wavuze kuri iyi nshinga ahubwo bivanga ibintu bibiri bidafitanye isano.\u00a0Ni<\/b>\u00a0igaragara mu\u00a0gutegeka<\/b>\u00a0no mu\u00a0kuziganya<\/b>\u00a0ntabwo ari imwe na\u00a0ni<\/b>\u00a0y\u2019inshinga nk\u2019uko ubikeka. Izi\u00a0ni<\/b>\u00a0zombi zifite inshoza zitandukanye. Ku ntegeko no ku nziganyo\u00a0ni\u00a0<\/b>ni akano nk\u2019uko nawe usanzwe ubizi, ntaho gahuriye n\u2019iriya nshinga mburabuzi\u00a0ni<\/b>. Iyo\u00a0ni<\/b>\u00a0y\u2019integeko n\u2019inziganyo iyo witegereje neza usanga ari akaremajambo k\u2019indango k\u2019inshinga biri kumwe, mu gihe\u00a0ni<\/b>\u00a0y\u2019inshinga mburabuzi yo ubwayo ifite inshoza muri yo.<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ibinyazina ndangahantu\u00a0ho, yo, mo<\/b>\u00a0(mwo<\/b>) n\u2019akaremajambo\u00a0ko\u00a0<\/b>byandikwa bifatanye n\u2019inshinga nk\u2019uko byari bisanzwe kuko ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko nta\u00a0 kibazo bitera. Akajambo\u00a0\u00a0ko\u00a0<\/b>gahuza inyangino ko gatandukana n\u2019izo nyangingo .<\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Impakanyi\u00a0nta<\/b><\/p>\n

Kwandika iyi mpakanyi ifatanye n\u2019inshinga iyikurikiye ntibikwiye kugutera impungenge kuko ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bandikaga mu buryo butandukanye iyi mpakanyi iyo ikurikiwe n\u2019inshinga itondaguye. Mu buryo bwo koroshya imyandikire, ni byiza ko yandikwa ifatanye n\u2019inshinga iyikurikiye kimwe n\u2019utundi turemajambo duhakana\u00a0 nka\u00a0\u00a0nti<\/b>– cyangwa\u00a0si<\/b>-. Ingero: Ntabareshya,\u00a0 ntabaje.<\/p>\n

Yakurikirwa n\u2019ubundi bwoko bw\u2019ijambo ikandikwa itandukanye na ryo kuko iryo jambo riba rifite imiterere izwi ndetse rimwe na rimwe hagati y\u2019iryo jambo na\u00a0nta<\/b>\u00a0hari ubwo ushobora gushyiramo irindi. Ingero: nta gikuba cyacitse, nta\u00a0wundi\u00a0<\/b>mwana uhari, nta cyo tubuze, nta zo nshaka.<\/p>\n

Ibihekane “mf”<\/b>\u00a0na “mv”<\/b>\u00a0ni ibintu bimenyerewe mu myandikire y\u2019ikinyarwanda. Inyamenyo “n”<\/b>\u00a0ihinduka inyaminwa “m”<\/b>\u00a0iyo ikurikiwe n\u2019indi nyaminwa. Bityo “nf”<\/b>\u00a0ihinduka mf naho “nv”<\/b>\u00a0igahinduka mv.<\/p>\n

Ku mpungenge wagize ku ngingo ya 44 n\u2019iya 45 uvuga ko zivuguruzanya, aya mabwiriza ahubwo araguhumuriza. Avuga ko n\u2019uwagira ingorane zo guhita amenyera kuyakoresha byibura nyuma y\u2019imyaka ibiri azaba amaze kuyamenyera.<\/p>\n

Bikorewe i Kigali ku wa 5 Ugushyingo 2014.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b>Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IBISOBANURO KU NGINGO DR. 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