On Rwanda\u2019s presidential terms limit in the 2003 Rwandan constitution as amended<\/i><\/b><\/a>, ikaba yarasohotse bwa mbere mur\u2019iki kinyamakuru tariki 23\/03\/2015. Kuyishyira mu rulimi Abanyarwanda twese twumva nkaba narasanze byagira icyo byungura mu myumvire y\u2019ikibazo gihangayikije abenegihugu mur\u2019iki gihe, kikaba kandi gikomeje kuvugwaho cyane. Nta kindi rero ni icy\u2019ihindurwa ry\u2019itegekonshinga ngo rigamije kongerera Prezida Paul Kagame uburambe ku ngoma.<\/b><\/p>\nDr Charles Kambanda aratwereka mu nyandiko ye ko mu rwego rw\u2019amategeko, – ntaho uwariwe wese, yaba Prezida Kagame ubwe, inzego zinyuranye z\u2019ubutegetsi zirimo n\u2019izishinga amategeko, yaba abo arikuvugisha ibyo yifuza kw\u2019itegekonshinga, yemwe n\u2019abariya atwerera ngo aramutse adakomeje kuba Prezida bakwiyahura -, adashobora kuzongera kuba umukuru w\u2019igihugu nyuma ya 2017. <\/b><\/p>\n
Nkuko yayoboresheje imbunda kuva kera, Prezida Paul Kagame icyamushobokera cyonyine, ni ugukoresha ingufu za gisirikari agahagarika itegekonshinga, aho kugirango akomeze abeshye abanyamahanga n\u2019Abanyarwanda – abo abamwamamaza bakomeje kwita \u201cabaturage\u201d – ngo barikumwingingira gukomeza kubayobora.<\/b><\/p>\n
Dore rero inyandiko yose ya Dr Charles Kambanda:<\/p>\n
Nta buryo bw\u2019amategeko cyangwa ubundi byakoreshwa mugukuraho manda ntarengwa (za Prezida) uretse ingufu za gisirikari zahagarika by\u2019agateganyo cyangwa burundu itegekonshinga Nyarwanda ryose.<\/p>\n
Uburyo bunonosoye burigikoreshwa mugukuraho manda ntarengwa za Prezida, mukugirango uyobora igihugu ubungubu azashobore kongera kwiyamamaza manda ze zirangiye muri 2017, burakomeje kandi buranakataje mu Rwanda. Ibyegera byo kw\u2019isonga by\u2019ubutegetsi bwa Kagame birimbitse mu gusakaza umugambi wabyo wo kuvana mw\u2019itegekonshinga umubare ntarengwa wa za manda. Baremezako ntawundi Munyarwanda uretse Prezida uri k\u2019ubutegetsi ubungubu, ariwe Paul Kagame, ushobora kuyobora igihugu. Birasa nkaho ubutegetsi bwa Kagame bushaka kumvisha amahanga ko ngo \u201cabaturage\u201d barikumwinginga ngo agume k\u2019ubutegetsi, ibi bikaba bitandukanye nibyo \u201cabaturage\u201d bamaze kwemeza (kera muri referendum) mu Ngingo y\u2019i 101 y\u2019Itegekonshinga.<\/p>\n
Ubusembwa bw\u2019ingingo yitwazwa nubw\u2019ikigamijwe<\/b>:<\/p>\n
Ireme ry\u2019ingingo ubutegetsi bwa Kagame bugenderaho ngo nuko \u201cabaturage\u201d bafite ububasha bwo guhindura ibyanditse mw\u2019itegekonshinga byose igihe icyaricyo cyose, mu gihe bumvako ingingo iyi n\u2019iyi cyangwa ingingo izi n\u2019izi zo mw\u2019itegekonshinga, kubera aho ibihe bigeze n\u2019uko ibintu bimeze, zitakijyanye nabyo.<\/p>\n
Igikekerezo gikuru gihuriweho n\u2019ibyegera bya Kagame ngo nuko nta Munyarwanda wundi ushobora kuyobora igihugu; (ikindi ngo) Kagame ntashobora kuvaho nubwo itegekonshinga ribimutegeka. Kubera iyo mpamvu itegekonshinga rigomba guhindurwa kugirango akomeze ategeke. Biranyerekako kuri Kagame kuba Prezida ni ubudahangarwa bumukingira kuba yajyanwa imbere y\u2019ubucamanza kubera ubwicanyi yakoreye mu Rwanda no muri Republika Iharanira Demokrasi ya Congo, ubwicanyi bwagiye butagwaho ubuhamwa mu nkiko mpuzamahanga. Biragaragara ko kuba Prezida kuri Kagame bimeze nkuko amazi amerera ifi. Ntacyo atazakora kugirango agume k\u2019ubutegetsi igihe kirekire kimushobokeye. Ibyaribyo byose, yageze k\u2019ubutegetsi akoresheje imbunda, ni nayo akoresha mu mitegekere ye.<\/p>\n
Uburyo buteganyijwe bwo guhindura itegekonshinga:<\/b><\/p>\n
Ingingo y\u2019I 101 y\u2019itegekonshinga iteye itya, \u201cPrezida wa Republika atorerwa manda y\u2019imyaka irindwi, ashobora kongera gutorwa inshuro imwe gusa. Nta na rimwe umuntu umwe ashobora kuba Prezida wa Republika manda zirenze ebyili.<\/b>\u201d Iyi ngingo y\u2019itegekonshinga igaragaza ibintu by\u2019ingenzi bitatu ku buryo budasubirwaho:<\/p>\n
(a) Nta mpamvu iyariyo yose<\/b> – iturutse hanze cyangwa imbere mu gihugu, yaba iyo mu rwego rwa politiki cyangwa urw\u2019imibanire y\u2019abaturage, haba ubu cyangwa mu bihe bizaza, byose biturutse ku rwego rw\u2019ubutegetsi uru n\u2019uru cyangwa umuntu runaka – ishobora kuba intandaro yo kwemerera umuntu uwariwe wese kuba Prezida mu gihe yaba yarabaye mur\u2019uwo mwanya manda zigeze kuri ebyiri. Birumvikana neza, nta hindurwa ry\u2019ibi byateganyijwe rishoboka kuberako rishobotse byaba ari uguha urubuga ibyabujijwe n\u2019igika cy\u2019ingingo y\u2019i 101 kigira kiti \u201cnta narimwe, (uko byagenda kose, ku mpamvu zakwitwaza izarizo zose)<\/b>\u201d<\/p>\n
(b) Umuntu yaba Prezida manda ebyiri zikurikiranye cyangwa zidakurikiranye, manda ebyiri ntizishobora kurengwa<\/b>; ntawushobora kuba mu mwanya wa Prezida igihe kirenze manda ebyiri yitwa ko agendera cyangwa akurikiza itegekonshinga ry\u2019u Rwanda ryagiyeho muri 2003.<\/p>\n
(c) Kuyobora manda zirenze ebyiri bibujijwe nkuko bibujijwe guhindura Ingingo y\u2019i 101 kubyerekeye umubare ntarengwa wa za manda<\/b>. Kubera izo mpamvu, mu gihe itegekonshinga ryagiyeho muri 2003 rikigenderwaho, nta narimwe – yewe hanakurikijwe umuhate ngo w\u2019\u201dabaturage\u201d wo kugumya kuyoborwa na Kagame<\/b>, byemewe guhindura ibi mu buryo byateganyijwe n\u2019amategeko.<\/p>\n
Ingingo y\u2019i 101 ntishobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe iyi 193 y\u2019itegekonshinga ry\u2019u Rwanda<\/b><\/p>\n
Ingingo y\u2019i 193 iteganyako \u201cUbubasha bwo gutangiza ihindurwa ry\u2019itegekonshinga busangiwe na Prezida wa Republika nyuma yuko inama y\u2019abaminisitiri igejeje umushinga kuri buri rwego nshingategeko rikawemeza utowe mu bwiganze bya bibiri bya gatatu by\u2019amajwi by\u2019abazigize. Kwemezwa ko itegekonshinga rihindutse byo bisaba kwemezwa n\u2019ubwiganze bwa bitatu bya kane bya buri rwego nshingategeko. Cyakora, iyo iryo hinduka rireba manda ya Prezida wa Republika cyangwa ubutegetsi bugendera kuri demokrasi ijyana na politiki y\u2019amashyaka menshi, cyangwa ubutegetsi bushingiye kw\u2019itegekonshinga nk\u2019iringiri cyane cyane kubyerekeye kuba rishingiye kuri republika n\u2019ubusugire by\u2019igihugu, iryo hinduka rigomba kunyura muri referendum [kamarampaka], rimaze kwemezwa na buri rwego nshingategeko\u2026\u201d Biragaragara ko ubutegetsi bwa Kagame bwibeshyako uburyo itegekonshinga rihinduka buteganyijwe mu Ngingo Y\u2019i 193 burimo na referendumu bureba n\u2019Ingingo y\u2019i 101 ku byerekeye manda ntarengwa za Prezida.<\/p>\n
Ingingo y\u2019i 101 hamwe n\u2019iyi 193 z\u2019itegekonshinga ziratandukanye mubyo zigamije<\/b><\/p>\n
Icya mbere<\/b>, aho mu Ngingo y\u2019i 193, Prezida n\u2019Intekonshingamategeko bashobora gutangiza ihindurwa ry\u2019itegekonshinga, Ingingo y\u2019i 101 aho yo igira iti: \u201cnta narimwe, (uko byagenda kose, ku mpamvu zakwitwaza izarizo zose)<\/b>\u201d bibuza Prezida n\u2019Intekonshingamategeko gutangiza ihindurwa ry\u2019Ingingo 101 kuberako impamvu izarizo zose hamwe cyangwa n\u2019ibintu byatera iryo hindurwa byavuguruza Ingingo y\u2019i 101 aho ivuga iti: \u201cnta narimwe\u2026\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n
Icya kabiri,<\/b> mu gihe Ingingo y\u2019i 193 yerekana uburyo ingingo zindi z\u2019itegekonshinga zishobora guhindurwa kugirango zijyane n\u2019ibihe bihinduka, kugendera kur\u2019ibyo bihinduka byaba binyuranye n\u2019ibyo Ingingo y\u2019i 101 ivuga mu gika kihariye igira iti: \u201cnta na rimwe\u2026<\/b>\u201d Kubera iyo mpamvu, itegeko iryariryo ryose ryaba rigamije guhindura Ingingo y\u2019i 101 kugirango ijyane n\u2019ibihe byaba byarahindutse (mu rwego rwa politiki cyangwa rw\u2019imibereho y\u2019abaturage) – ushishoje neza usanga iryo hindura ritajyanye n\u2019igika cy\u2019Ingingo y\u2019i 101 kigira kiti: \u201cnta na rimwe\u201d – nta gaciro ryaba rifite ukurikije Ingingo ya 200 y\u2019itegekonshinga ry\u2019Urwanda, aho igira iti \u201cItegekonshinga ni ryo tegeko risumba ayandi mu gihugu. Itegeko iryariryo ryose ririvuguruza ni imfabusa nta n\u2019agaciro rigomba kugira.<\/p>\n
Icya gatatu<\/b>, mu gihe Ingingo y\u2019i 193 y\u2019itegekonshinga ry\u2019u Rwanda iteganya ukuntu umubare uriho ubu w\u2019imyaka ya buri manda ya Prezida (imyaka irindwi) ushobora guhindurwa, Ingingo y\u2019i 101 ivuga k\u2019umubare w\u2019imyaka manda imwe ya Prezida imara, ikanavuga k\u2019umubare wa za manda umuntu adashobora kurenza ari umukuru w\u2019u Rwanda (manda ebyiri). Kubera izo mpamvu, nubwo umubare w\u2019imyaka buri manda ya Prezida imara ushobora guhindurwa bikurikije Ingingo y\u2019i 193, umubare wa za manda (manda ebyiri) umuntu ashobora kuba Prezida wo ntabwo uteganywa guhinduka kuberako Ingingo y\u2019i 101 yamaze kudadira umubare wa za manda iwushyira kuri ebyiri zidashobora kongera kwiyamarizwa na rimwe. Mu gihe Ingingo y\u2019i 193 iteganya ko \u201cniba ihindurwa ry\u2019itegekonshinga ryerekeye manda ya Prezida wa Republika cyangwa ubutegetsi bugendera kuri demokrasi ijyana na politiki y\u2019amashyaka menshi […] ihinduka rigomba kunyura muri referendum [kamarampaka], rimaze kwemezwa na buri Rwego Nshingamategeko\u2026\u201d, Ingingo y\u2019i 101 iteganyako \u201cPrezida wa Republika atorerwa manda y\u2019imyaka irindwi, akaba yakongera gutorwa inshuro imwe gusa. Nta na rimwe umuntu umwe watorewe umwanya wa Prezida wa Republika ashobora kuwubamo manda zirenze ebyiri\u201d. Hari itandukanyirizo hagati ya manda imwe (mu bucye = term) – bijyanye n\u2019umubare w\u2019imyaka ya buri manda, na za manda (mu bwinshi = terms) – bijyanye n\u2019umubare wa za manda umuntu umwe ashobora kuba Prezida mu buryo buteganywa n\u2019itegekonshinga ry\u2019u Rwanda. Mu Ngingo zombi, iy\u2019i 101 hamwe n\u2019i 193, ijambo \u201cmanda (mu bucye)\u201d risobanura umubare w\u2019imyaka umuntu ashobora kuba Prezida. Naho Ingingo y\u2019i 193 iteganya ihindurwa rya manda ya prezida (imyaka 7), iyi Ngingo ntacyo ivuga ku byerekeye uburyo manda (mu bwinshi) za prezida zihindurwa kuberako Ingingo y\u2019i 101 yadanangiye ku buryo budasubirwaho mu kuzihindura mu gika cyayo kigira kiti \u201cnta na rimwe\u201d<\/b>.<\/p>\n
Referendumu (kamarampaka) yo guhindura ingingo y\u2019i 101 yaba itubahirije amategeko kandi nta n\u2019agaciro yaba ifite<\/b><\/p>\n
Ingingo y\u2019i 101 yo mw\u2019Itegekonshinga ry\u2019u Rwanda ntishobora guhindurwa na referendumu kuko iyo referendumu yaba yahindutse \u201cimpamvu,\u201d kandi Ingingo y\u2019i 101 iteganyako \u201cnta na rimwe \u2026\u201d ibiteganywa n\u2019Ingingo y\u2019i 101 (byerekeye umubare wa za manda) bidashobora guhindurwa.<\/p>\n
Referendumu mw\u2019Itegekonshinga iteganyijweko ishobora gukoreshwa muguhindura, mubyo yemerewe, umubare w\u2019imyaka manda imwe ya prezida ishobora kumara nkuko Ingingo y\u2019i 193 ibiteganya igira iti \u201c…niba ihindurwa ry\u2019itegekonshinga ryerekeye manda ya prezida wa republika cyangwa ubutegetsi bugendera kuri demokrasi ijyana na politiki y\u2019amashyaka menshi […] ihinduka rigomba kunyura muri referendumu [kamarampaka], rimaze kwemezwa na buri Rwego Nshingamategeko\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
Uhereye kur\u2019ibyo, mu gihe umubare w\u2019imyaka manda imwe ya prezida ishobora kujya hejuru cyangwa hasi y\u2019i 7 niba iryo hinduka ryanyuze muri referendumu rimaze kwemezwa na buri Rwego Nshingategeko, Ingingo 101 ijya kure y\u2019ibyo; na referendumu ubwayo nyirizina ntishobora guhindura Ingingo y\u2019i 101 kuberako \u201cPrezida wa Republika atorerwa manda (imwe) y\u2019imyaka irindwi, akaba yakongera gutorwa inshuro imwe gusa (kandi) Nta na rimwe umuntu uri mu mwanya wa prezida wa republika ashobora kuguma mur\u2019uwo mwanya manda zirenze ebyiri\u201d, nkuko Ingingo y\u2019i 101 y\u2019itegekonshinga ry\u2019u Rwanda ribiteganya.<\/p>\n
Ingingo y\u2019i 193 y\u2019itegekonshinga ry\u2019u Rwanda irigukoreshwa nabi n\u2019ubutegetsi bwa Kagame mukugirango bavuguruze ibiteganywa n\u2019Ingingo y\u2019i 101 yo ikurira inzira ku murima umuntu wese washaka gukomeza gutegeka manda ze ebyiri zirangiye.<\/p>\n
Ingingo y\u2019i 101 niy\u2019i 193 ntanahamwe zivuguruzanya. Ibyaribyo byose, abateguye itegekonshinga ry\u2019u Rwanda ntabwo bashobora kuba barateganyijeko imwe mu Ngingo z\u2019itegekonshinga yatesha agaciro indi. Mu buryo byumvikana, abateguye itegekonshinga bakoresheje (amagambo) \u201cmanda (mu buke = term)\u201d na \u201cza manda (mu byinshi = terms) bashaka kuvuga ibintu bibiri bitandukanye mu Ngingo y\u2019i 101. Kuba abateguye itegekonshinga barateganyijeko manda (mu buke = term) ya prezida ishobora guhindurwa hakurikwijwe Ingingo y\u2019i 193, ariko ntibabiteganye kubyerekeye za manda (mu bwinshi = terms) bifite icyo byerekana; igika kivuga giti \u201cnta narimwe \u2026\u201d kirebana n\u2019ibyerekeye umubare ntarengwa wa za manda za prezida mu Ngingo y\u2019i 101 nta narimwe kizigera gishobora guhindurwa n\u2019ububasha bwo guhindura itegekonshinga ryo muri 2003 bukubiye mu Ngingo y\u2019i 193.<\/p>\n
Ingingo y\u2019i 101 y\u2019itegekonshinga ry\u2019u Rwanda ntishobora guhindurwa. Abateguye itegekonshinga ry\u2019u Rwanda banditse Ingingo y\u2019i 101 ku buryo uwariwe wese cyangwa ku mpamvu iyariyo yose, umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa agatsiko k\u2019abantu baba bafite idashyigikiye idanangirwa kuri manda ebyiri gusa ntarengwa za prezida, batashobora kuzikoresha ngo bahindure Ingingo y\u2019i 101 kuberako iyi Ngingo yateganyije izo mpamvu zose zishoboka n\u2019ibishoboka byose nuko bemeza ko \u201cnta narimwe\u2026\u201d kandi, ku buryo bujyanye nabyo, Ingingo ya 200 ibivuga neza igira iti itegeko iryariryo ryose cyangwa igikorwa icyaricyo cyose cyo kugerageza guhindura Ingingo y\u2019i 101 cyangwa ibindi biteganywa n\u2019itegekonshinga ni imfabusa kandi nta n\u2019agaciro gifite.<\/p>\n
Abateguye itegekonshinga ry\u2019u Rwanda babujije ihindurwa ry\u2019umubare ntarengwa wa za manda za prezida kuberako wenda Abanyarwanda bazi neza amakuba aterwa n\u2019udutsiko tw\u2019abantu bagundira ubutegetsi ubuziraherezo. Amateka ya politiki nyarwanda arangwa n\u2019ubwicanyi burenze ndetse n\u2019abategetsi b\u2019abarwanyi batsikamirisha iryo rwana ryabo abaturage babo ubuziraherezo. Ibi bur\u2019igihe byateye intambara n\u2019ubwicanyi burenze urugero. Ntabwo bitangaje rero ko itegekonshinga ryo muri 2003 ridasanzwe kubyerekeye manda ntarengwa za prezida.<\/p>\n
Uwahinduye inyandiko mu Kinyarwanda<\/em>
\n Ambrose Nzeyimana\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u201cNta buryo bw\u2019amategeko cyangwa ubundi byakoreshwa mugukuraho manda ntarengwa (za Prezida) uretse ingufu za gisirikari zahagarika by\u2019agateganyo cyangwa burundu itegekonshinga Nyarwanda ryose\u201d. Dr Charles Kambanda<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8694,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politiki"],"yoast_head":"\n
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