Impamvu icyamamare perezida w'u Rwanda akwiye kujyanwa imbere y'ubucamanza

Iyi nkuru yanditwe na Howard W French isohoka muri News Week mu cyongereza (Jan 14, 2013) Nagerageje kuyishira mu kinyarwanda kugirango abatunva icyongereza nabo bayisome. Abazi icyongereza mushobora kwisomera inkuru in its original form. Murayisanga kuri ino link:

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2013/01/13/the-case-against-rwanda-s-president-paul-kagame.html

Kurega perezida w’u Rwanda Paul Kagame.

Impanvu icyamamare perezida w’u Rwanda akwiye kujyanwa imbere y’ubucamanza.

Ubwo inyeshyamba zishyigikiwe n’u Rwanda zafataga Goma, umugi munini mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, Paul Kagame yibwiragako isi iramureka akongera kuyogoza Congo. Yari amaze imyaka myinshi ateza akajagari muri Congo ntihagire umutunga agatoki.

Perezida w’u Rwanda akunze kuvugwa neza cyane n’abantu nka ba Bono, Tony Blair, na pasiteri Rick, akaba ashigikiwe cyane n’ibibugu by’iburayi na Amerika ya ruguru, bikaba bitangaje ukuntu ashigikirwa cyane mu gihe aregwa kugira uruhare rukomeye mu ntambara zayogoje akarere, intambara zimaze kwica abantu barenze miliyoni eshanu kuva muri za 90.

Mu baterankunga n’abatanga amashimwe, Kagame azwi nk’umuntu wavanye u Rwanda mu icuraburindi rwarimo kubera genocide yo muri 94 -iyo genocide ni imwe mu mahano akomeye yabaye mu mpera y’ikinyejana cya 20- agatuma abanyarwanda bongera kubabo bafite ibyiringiro, akanatuma ubukungu bwongera kumera neza, u Rwanda rukaba igihugu kiri gukira vuba, umutungo w’igihugu ucungwa neza ibi bikaba atari ibintu bikunze kubaho, u Rwanda rugatera imbere ku buryo bw’intangarugero mu byerekeye kwita ku buzima bw’abaturage, amashuli, n’uburenganzira bw’abategarugoli. Igihe Bill Clinton yahaga Kagame ishimwe hashize imyaka itatu yagize ati: “Perezida Kagame yavanye u Rwanda mu bihe bikomeye, none yarugize igihugu gifite ingufu, kirimo abaturage bashize hamwe, kandi kiri gukira vuba ku buryo mu bihe biza gishobora kuzaba igihugu Africa ndetse n’isi yose bizajya bifataho urugero byakurikiza.

Iyo nvugo ko u Rwanda ari intangarugero isa naho itangiye kwibagirana nyuma y’ifatwa rya Goma. Nyuma y’aho rapport ya ONU yagaragarije ko u Rwanda rwaremye kandi ko ari rwo ruha amabwiriza umutwe w’inyeshyamba zitwa m23, inshuti zikomeye z’iburayi nk’Ubwongereza n’Ububiligi zahagaritse zimwe mu nfashanyo zageneraga u Rwanda, perezida Obama nawe ahamagara Kagame amuha gasopo kubyerekeye igaba ry’ibitero muri Congo.

Abakurikiranira hafi ibyerekeye u Rwanda bavugako abantu bagowe banatinda kwemera ko bibeshye kuri Kagame. Filip Reyntjens, intiti y’Umubiligi abantu benshi bemeza ko ari uwa mbere ku isi hose mu gusobanukirwa ibyerekeye u Rwanda, avuga ko mu bategetsi baregwa ubwicanyi n’ibyaha by’intambara ko Kagame ariwe wakabije mu kwicana. Naganiye na Reyntjens ambwira ko ubwicanyi bwa Kagame bungana nubwa Saddam Hussein wahoze ayobora Iraq cyangwa ubwa

Omar al-Bashir uyobora Sudan akaba ashakishwa na ICC kubera genocide, ibyaha by’intambara, no guhonyora agateka ka muntu.

Washington na London bashyigikiye Kagame igihe kirekire kuko bamubonagamo inkingi y’amahoro n’umutekano mu karere ubusanzwe karangwamo invururu zurudaca. Ariko raporo ya ONU iherutse gusohoka yareze guverinoma ya Kagame guteza akajagari hakurya y’umupaka muri Congo. Hagataho, inzobere mu byerekeye Africa zivugako ubutegetsi nkubwa Kagame, igitugu gishingiye ku bwoko, budashobora kurama. Imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu nka human rights watch yakomeje gutabaza ivuga ko mu Rwanda abanyamakuru kimwe n’abarwanya ubutegetsi bahohoterwa. Ariko Kagame iteka arahakana agatsemba avuga ko ibyo ari ukubeshya.

Kagame ni umugabo muremure, unanutse cyane, witwara nk’umwalimu wa kaminuza, ntiwakeka ko yahoze ari umukuru w’inyeshyamba. Mu 1990, yayoboye Rwandan Patriotic Front, umutwe wari ugizwe mbere na mbere n’impunzi z’abatutsi, yashoje intambara yo kubohoza igihugu cye aturutse mu gihugu cya Uganda.

Nyuma y’imyaka ine, ibintu byarushijeho kudogera: ku italiki 6, ukwezi kwa 4, 1994, indege yari itwaye perezida w’u Rwanda Juvenal Habyalimana, umuhutu, yahanuriwe mu nkengero z’umugi wa Kigali, imaze guhanurwa hatangira ubwicanyi bwaje kwitwa genocide nyarwanda. Mu gihe cy’iminsi 100, abantu bagera ku 800,000 abenshi bakaba bari abatutsi bishwe n’abahezanguni b’abahutu. Kagame n’abasilikari be bamaze gufata ubutegetsi bagahagarika genocide, abahezanguni b’abahutu, n’abaturage basanzwe, bahungiye mu bihugu bikikije u Rwanda cyane cyane mu cyahoze ari Zaire.

Hashizweho guverinoma y’ubumwe, Pasteur Bizimungu, umuhutu, agirwa perezida, ibi bikaba byarabaye ikintu kimeze nko guhuma amaso abahutu bagize 84% by’abaturage. Mu byukuri, Kagame, umututsi, wagizwe visiperezida niwe mu byukuri wategekaga ingabo bityo akaba ari nawe wategekaga igihugu. Mu 2000, nyuma y’uko abanyapolitiki benshi bahunze, abandi bakarigiswa abantu ntibamenye irengero ryabo, abandi bakicwa,bizimungu yareguye, igitekerezo cy’uko ubwoko bwose buhagarariwe muri guverinoma kirangirira aho (guverinoma yakuyeho amoko).

Kuva ubwo, abahoze bakorera guverinoma y’u Rwanda bavuga ko mu gihugu, imyanya ikomeye yose ifitwe n’abatutsi. Mu 2001, igihe Bizimungu yashingaga ishyaka rya politiki kugirango yiyamamarize kuba perezida, iryo shyaka rye ryabujijwe gukora kubera ko bavuze ko ari iry’abahezanguni b’abahutu. Umwaka wakurikiyeho, Bizimungu yarafunzwe akatirwa imyaka 15 aregwa guteza umutekano muke mu gihugu.

(Bizimungu, umuntu amnesty international yise “Prisoner of conscience”, yaje guhabwa imbabazi na Kagame muri 2007, ariko uburyo bwakoreshejwe kugirango bamucecekeshe bwakomeje gukoreshwa cyane mu gucecekesha abandi bose bagerageje kunenga ubutegetsi bwa Kagame. Uwariwe wese wagize icyo anenga ubutegetsi bwa Kagame yagerestweho icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya genocide)

Theogene Rudasingwa, umututsi wahoze ahagarariye u Rwanda i Washington akaba yaranabaye umusilikari mukuru mu gisilikari cya Kagame agira ati: “Iyo ufite ibitekerezo bitandukanye n’ibya Kagame, ukabigaragaza, akenshi uricwa”.

Rudasingwa wahunze u Rwanda ubu akaba aba muri Amerika avuga ko Kagame ari umuntu ushaka kugenzura abantu bose n’utuntu twose ku buryo bukabije ibyo akaba abigeraho akoresheje agatsiko gato k’abatutsi babanye nawe mu buhungiro muri Uganda.

Rudasingwa yemeza ko “Imyanya ikomeye yose mu gihugu ifitwe n’abatutsi baturutse hanze, ibyo bikaba bigaragara cyane mu gisilikari”. Arongera ati “Abahutu bigijwe ku ruhande burundu. Abahutu bafashwe nabi cyane. Mu bahutu bose bize nyuma ya 59, abatarishwe barahunze. Abahutu bigijwe kuruhande, bagirwa ibicibwa, abatabashije guhunga baricwa”.

Kagame acunga u Rwanda n’abarutuye akoresheje igisilikari kigizwe n’abatutsi gusa, akanakoresha Rwandan Patriotic Front, ishyaka rirusha andi yose ingufu. Mu Rwanda hose, muri buri murenge, RPF iba ihari, ibintu na Stasi itabashije gukora mu burasirazuba bw’ubudage mu ntambara ikonje. Umujyi ushobora kuba utegekwa n’umuhutu ariko mubyukuri umuntu uhagarariye RPF akanakorana nayo niwe uba afite ingufu.

Amategeko ya RPF agenzura ubuzima bw’abantu bwa buri munsi. Buri murenge urimo abantu bakorera RPF bagenzura ko ayo mategeko yubahirizwa, bagahana bihanukiriye, abatayubahirije. Abaturage bategekwa kwambara inkweto n’imyenda myiza iyo batari guhinga, gusangira urwagwa hakoreshejwe imiheha byakuweho kandi cyari ikimenyetso cyo kunvikana, hari n’andi mategeko menshi cyane abaturage badakunda kuko usanga atari ngombwa, amwe akaba anameze nk’agahimano cyangwa agasuzuguro .

“RPF yivanga mu bintu byose mu Rwanda,” ibi bikaba byemezwa na Susan Thompson, uyu akaba ari umwarimu muri Colgate University, akaba amaze igihe kirekire ari inzobere ku byerekeye u Rwanda. Susan Thompson arakomeza ati: “Abakorera RPF baba bazi akantu kose, unywa cyane, uwaciye inyuma umugore, utishyuye imisoro byose baba babizi kandi batanga za raporo ibukuru kandi iyo urezwe ntushobora kujurira.”

Kuva kera, abantu bemeraga Kagame kubera azwiho kuba yarahagaritse genocide yakozwe na guverinoma y’abahutu bafashijwe n’imitwe yitwara gisilikari igizwe n’abahezanguni. N’ubwo abenshi mu bishwe bagera ku 800,000 bari abatutsi n’abahutu batari abahezanguni, inkuru uko ikunzwe kuvugwa siko yagenze, amateka y’u Rwanda arimo ibinyoma.

Uhereye ku ntangiriro z’intambara ukareba amaraso yamenwe muri iyo ntambara, Scot Straus, inzobere muri politiki muri University of Wisconsin agira ati: “witegereje ibyabaye utabogamye usanga ari ibintu birebire, ni insobe. Kuvuga rero ngo abahutu banga abatutsi kuburyo bashaka kubica bakabamara bose sibyo.”

Hari ibimenyetso byinshi bigaragaza ko mu ntangiriro z’intambara ingabo za Kagame zagiye zihiga abahutu bize zikabica. Nyuma byageze aho batica umwe umwe bakarimbura imbaga z’abahutu.

Timothy Longman wayoboye human rights watch mu Rwanda agira ati: “genocide yararangiye hashize nk’umwaka abantu bari bakicwa. Abantu banyerekaga aho batabye abantu bishwe atari muri genocide ahubwo nyuma yayo. Uwo Timothy Longman buno ayobora African Studies Center muri Boston University.

Imwe muri enquette zakozwe kera ni iyakozwe n’ikipe ya UN iyobowe n’umunyamerika Robert Gersony muri 94. Iyo kipe yagiye ibaza ibibazo abaturage mu makambi no mu giturage. Iyo kipe yasanze mu ntara enye harabaye ubwicanyi bwakorewe abahutu, ubwo bwicanyi bukaba bwarateguwe bukanashirwa mu bikorwa na RPA umutwe w’igisilikari wa RPF. Raporo iyo kipe yakoze UN yarayirigishije ituma idashirwa kumugaragaro, imwe mu mpanvu akaba ari igitugu amerika yakoresheje kuri UN kubera ko Amerika yari ishyigikiye guverinoma ya RPF.

Iyo raporo yavugagako RPA yishe hagati ya 15,000 na 30,000, aba akaba ari abo mukarere babashije kugeramo ubwo bakoraga enquette muri 94. Hashize imyaka myinshi, umwe mu bantu bari bakomeye bari bagize iyo kipe ya Gersony yambwiye ko umubare w’abahutu bishwe urenze kure uwatangajwe. Impanvu UN yahishe imibare nyayo nukubera gutinya ingaruka byari kugira mu rwego rwa politiki, UN ntiyashakaga ko ubwicanyi bwakorewe abahutu bumenyekana UN ntiyashakaga kongera guseba dore ko nta gihe kinini cyari gishize inaniwe guhagarika ubwicanyi bwakorewe abatutsi.

Uwo muntu agira ati: ” enquette yacu yatugaragarije ubwicanyi bwateguwe neza, bwateguwe kandi bushirwa mu bikorwa hakoreshejwe ubuhanga bwa gisilikari, abasilikari bakuru baha amabwiriza abo hasi. Bakoresheje ingufu za gisirikare maze boreka imbaga.

(Mu kwa kane 1995, RPA yagabye igitero mu nkambi y’impunzi yari i Kibeho, muri icyo gitero bakoresheje imbunda zisuka amasasu menshi, za grenade, n’imbunda zitera ibisasu bya rutura. Ikipe y’abaganga bakomoka muri Australia yabaze imirambo igera ku 4,000. RPA yababujije gukomeza kubara. Gérard Prunier, umufaransa ukora ubushakashatsi kuri kariya karere avuga ko abandi bantu bagera ku 20,000 bari muri iriya nkambi barigishijwe ko ntawamenye irengero ryabo).

Mu gihugu harimo abantu benshi bazi amateka yerekeye ubu bwicanyi ariko badashobora kugira icyo bavuga kuberako politiki iriho ntibibemerera.

Mu matora yo muri 2010 Kagame yatsinze habaye ihohoterwa ry’abanyamakuru n’abarwanya ubutegetsi bamwe baricwa, umunyapolitiki umwe acibwa umutwe. Amnesty International yamaganye ubwicanyi, itabwa mu minyururu, gufungwa kw’ibinyamakuru byagiye bikorwa mu rwego rwo gutera abantu ubwoba.

Uko umunyapolitiki wo muri opposition Victoire Ingabire yagenjwe byahaye abantu isomo rigaragara. Yagarutse mu Rwanda nyuma y’imyaka 16 aje kwiyamamariza kuba perezida, akigera mu Rwanda yahise ajya ku rwibutso rw genocide. “Twaje hano kwibuka abatutsi bazize genocide. Ariko hari n’abahutu bishwe muri iriya ntambara ariko bo ntibibukwa.” Ngayo amagambo yavuze. Yongeyeho ati: ” abahutu nabo barababaye. Bibaza igihe bazahabwa uburenganzira bwo kwibuka ababo. Kugirango ubwiyunge bugerweho akababaro k’abanyarwanda bose kagomba kwitabwaho kimwe.

Ingabire bamureze ingengabitekerezo ya genocide, baramufata baramufunga. Mu gihe yaburanaga Kagame yatangaje kumugaragaro ko Ingabire agomba gukatirwa.

U Rwanda ni agahugu gato abantu bakunze kwita igihugu cy’imisozi igihumbi kubera rugizwe n’imisozi yera imyaka, ikaba ihora isa neza kubera imyaka,ibyatsi n’amashyamba. Ni igihugu cyiza kandi kitabamo akajagari. Ariko u Rwanda ntirumeze nka Congo, nta mabuye y’agaciro rugira. Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bugizwe n’amabuye y’agaciro yibwa muri Congo.

Networks zikora nka mafia zikoreshwa n’igisilikari cy’u Rwanda na RPF ziba amabuye y’agaciro menshi muri Congo zikayajyana mu Rwanda.

Ahagana mu 2000 , u Rwanda rwinjizaga hagati ya miliyoni 80 na miliyoni 100 z’amadolari ku mwaka, avuye muri coltan yo muri Congo, aya mafranga akaba angana na budget y’igisilikari, ibi bikaba byemezwa n’inzobere y’umubiligi Reyntjens.

Kwiba Congo n’uburyo urwanda rukoresha kugirango rugire igisilikari kinini kandi ntibitere ikibazo abazungu batanga 50% bya budget y’u Rwanda buri mwaka. Kwiba Congo kandi byakijije abategetsi bakomeye b’i Kigali, cyane abaturutse Uganda dore ko ari nabo gusa bagize akazu kari kubutegetsi.

Rudasingwa wigeze gukorana na Kagame agira ati: “Nyuma y’intambara ya mbere ya Congo, amafranga yatangiye kuza azanywe n’abasilikari ariko ntanarimwe ryageraga mu isanduku ya leta. Ni amafranga ya RPF, Kagame niwe wenyine uzi uko angana, ninawe wenyine uzi uko akoreshwa. Mu manama hakunzwe kuvugwa ko Congo igomba kugira intege nke, ko u Rwanda rugomba kugira ingufu, ko abakongomani bagomba gucibwamo ibice.

Congo iragaragara cyane kandi mu buryo bwinshi mu mateka ya Kagame. Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, ingabo z’u Rwanda cyangwa abakorana nazo bakoze ibikorwa bya gisilikari muri Congo. U Rwanda rwateye Congo kumugaragaro inshuro ebyili, mu kwa cyenda 1996 ubwo u Rwanda rushyigikiwe na Amerika rwagiye rugahirika Mobutu Sese Seko, nanone mu kwa munani 1998, u Rwanda rwongeye kugaba igitero muri Congo rushaka guhirika Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Iyi ntambara ya kabiri yo guhirika Kabila Kagame ubwe yari yarishiriye kubutegetsi ntiyagenze uko babyifuzaga, ariko yatangiye ibikorwa byo kwivanga no guteza ibibazo muri Congo. Iyi ntambara yaje kwinjirwamo n’ibindi bihugu byinshi by’Afrika yahitanye abantu babarirwa muri miliyoni 5.

Muri 97, UN yavuzeko ingabo z’u Rwanda zishe 200,000 by’abahutu muri Congo; Prunier, inzobere y’umufransa ivuga ko abishwe bakabakaba 300,000. UN ivuga ko ababantu batazize ingaruka z’intambara nk’amasasu yacitse abasilikari. “Abenshi bari abana, abagore, abantu bashaje, abarwayi, babaga bashonje nta gatege, ntabwo bashoboraga kugirira nabi abasilikari bagiye babagabaho ibitero.” Iyo raporo ya UN ivuga ko byabaga ari ibitero byateguwe ko kandi byakozwe ahantu henshi. “Urukiko rubifitiye ubushobozi rushobora kuba rwakwemeza ko ari genocide”.

Mu myaka ibiri ishize, Kagame yavuze ijambo i London ku byerekeye “The Challenges of Nation-Building in Africa: The Case of Rwanda.” Kagame bamubajije ibyerekeye raporo yari iri kuvugwa cyane ivuga ko ingabo ze zakoze genocide muri Congo, yavuze ko ibyo ari ibintu bidafite ishingiro. Yahimbajwe no kuvuga ibyerekeye ubukungu n’inkuru ikunze kuvugwa cyane ko u Rwanda ruri gukira vuba.

Ibyo nabyo ni ukuri kuvanze n’ibinyoma. Inzobere zivuga ko ubusumbane mu Rwanda bukabije kandi ko ibintu bigenda birushaho kuzamba. Kuva mu 2005, nubwo ubukungu bwiyongeraho 5% ku mwaka, ubukene mu giturage burushaho kwiyongera, abanyamakuru b’abazungu ntibashobora kujya iyo mugiturage kwirebera uko ibintu byifashe badaherekejwe n’abakada ba RPF.

“Nyuma ya genocide, abantu bo mu giturage bafashwe nabi cyane ntabwo abantu bigeze bafatwa nabi nkuko bimeze ubu,” ibi bikaba bivugwa n’umushakashatsi wanze ko izina rye ritangazwa. “Ubukene n’akababaro bigenda byiyongera cyane. Iyo abantu bavuga ko u Rwanda ari ikirunga nibyo baba bavuga”.

U Rwanda rushobora kuzongera rugasandara? Ikibazo gikomeye muri ino minsi nukumenya niba Kagame azegura muri 2017 nkuko itegeko nshinga ribiteganya. Ibibazo ni byinshi. Abantu benshi basanga bitazoroha.

Kalimikashyali