Ese abavuga FDLR abenshi si abayivuga batayizi?

Abantu benshi bakunze kuvuga FDLR ariko abenshi bakayivuga mu buryo bugaragaza ko batayizi cyangwa bakijijisha ku bushake bagamije inyungu zivanze amarangamutima wenda tutibagiwe n’urwango ruvanze n’ivangura ry’amoko.

Amagambo akoreshwa kuri FDLR atari yo

-Interahamwe: Abantu benshi batabizi cyangwa bibizi babikorera ubwende bakunze kwita FDLR ngo ni interahamwe ngo bagize uruhare muri genocide mu 1994, ibyo bivugwa na benshi barimo abayobozi b’u Rwanda kugeza no ku binyamakuru mpuzamahanga.

Ariko ntaho bihuriye n’ukuri kuko Interahamwe rwari urubyiruko rw’ishyaka MRNDD, urwo rubyiruko rwose siko rwagiye mu bwicanyi, ikindi kandi hari abandi banyarwanda batari Interahamwe batari no muri MRNDD bakoze ubwicanyi. Abari muri FDLR abenshi bari abana mu 1994 ntabwo byumvikana ukuntu bari kuba mu nterahamwe cyangwa ngo banagire uruhare muri genocide ari ibibondo. Hari abasirikare bari mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, Les Forces Armées Rwandaises, izo ngabo zari iz’igihugu ntabwo zari iza MRND kugira ngo abari bazirimo bitwe Interahamwe. Ariko niba hari abahisemo kubyita aba ex-FAR bose bagombye guhera kuri Marcel Gatsinzi bari kumwe muri Leta kuko yari umugaba mukuru wazo, niba kandi FDLR yose ari interahamwe zakoze genocide ntabwo byumvikana ukuntu nka General Rwarakabije wahoze ayiyobora we iyo Genocide batayimubaza kandi mu byo barega FDLR harimo kugaruka ngo igakomeza Genocide.

-FDLR ntabwo imaze imyaka 18

FDLR yavutse mu mwaka wa 2000, abayishinze bari bavuye mitwe itandukanye ariko cyane cyane PALIR /ALIR n’abandi batari bafite imitwe yindi babamo. Impamvu yafashe iryo zina n’ukubera ko hari hamaze kuba ubwicanyi bwibasiye abakerarugendo b’abanyamerika n’abakomoka mu bihugu bivuga icyongereza muri Pariki ya Rwindi muri Uganda, maze bukaregwa ALIR igahita ishyirwa ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba. (Abanyarwanda bivugwa ko bagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’aba bakerarugendo mu rubanza rwabo rwaberaye muri Amerika byagaragaye ko biriya byabaye ALIR ntaho yari ihuriye nabyo ahubwo byari ikinamico cya Leta y’u Rwanda).

Abashaka kuvuga ngo FDLR yavukiye mu nkambi z’impunzi ni ukwigiza nkana. FDLR yashinzwe biturutse ku bisigisigi by’imitwe ya ALIR1 na ALIR 2, igice kimwe cyayoborwaga na General Paul Rwarakabije ni nacyo cyagize uruhare mu ntambara yiswe iy’abacengezi, ikindi gice cyari kiyobowe na ba General Mudacumura na ba General Mugaragu ntabwo kigeze kirwana intambara yo mu Rwanda nyuma ya 1994 bo binjiye muri Congo mu 1998 bagiye gufasha Laurent Désiré Kabila mu ntambara bavuye mu buhugu bari barahungiyemo cyane cyane Congo Brazzaville, Centrafrica n’ahandi.

Uruhare muri Genocide

Leta y’u Rwanda n’abambari bayo uretse ko n’abandi bafite inyungu zabo zitandukanye iyo turufu bakunze kuyikoresha bitwaza ngo FDLR yakoze Genocide, ariko bakibagirwa ko yavutse mu 2000 rero ikaba nta kuntu yari gukora Genocide itarabaho. Iyo winjiye mu bashinze cyangwa bakomeye muri FDLR ukareba uruhare rwabo muri iyo genocide bavuga umuntu agwa mu kantu, kandi uretse ibivugwa na Leta y’u Rwanda ubu, abo bantu mbere yo kujya muri FDLR ntabwo Leta y’u Rwanda yabaregaga genocide.

Iyo urebye abantu nka ba Ignace Murwanashyaka, Straton Musoni n’abandi usanga batarabaga mu Rwanda mu 1994, undi bagerageza kugerekaho genocide ni Callixte Mbarushimana, ariko ibyo birego bikaba bije aho abereye umunyamabanga mukuru wa FDLR, kuko yakoreye umuryango w’abibumbye imyaka myinshi nyuma ya 1994 ntawe ugira icyo amuvugaho.

Tugiye ku ruhande rw’abasirikare, twahera kuri General Rwarakabije, numvise mu myaka yashize ngo yajyanywe muri gacaca basanga ari umwere, General Mudacumura nta cyaha cya genocide aregwa ku buryo buhamye bufite ibimenyetso keretse kuba wenda yarigeze kuba urinda Perezida Habyalimana wa hafi (garde du corps) kera. Mu 1994 yari i Byumba ategeka 31e Bataillon, yarwanye muri Kigali no mu Bugesera na Gitarama mu byo bamurega ntabwo turumva Leta y’u Rwanda ivuga ibyaha yaba yarakoze arwana aho hose. Abandi bayobozi ntaho bavugwa muri ba ruharwa iyo urebye kuri za liste zasohorwaga na Leta ya Kigali. Wenda kuba hari abashobora kuba baragize uruhare mu bwicanyi bari muri FDLR birashoboka uretse ko nahamya ko ari bo bake kandi bakaba batiganje mu buyobozi bwo hejuru.

N’iki cyateye ivuka rya FDLR?

Nyuma y’aho inkambi z’abanyarwanda bari muri Congo zisenyewe abari bazirimo bakicwa abasigaye bagakizwa n’amaguru abo Imana yari ikirinze bagashobora gucyurwa mu Rwanda, hari abanyarwanda benshi b’impunzi basigaye mu mashyamba bihishe ababahigaga. Abo bahishe mu mashyamba bakomeje guhigwa bukware ndetse bakicwa.

Abatahutse mu 1996 na 1997 ku bushake bwabo kimwe n’izindi mpunzi barishwe mu buryo bw’agashinyaguro ku buryo byatumye abasirikare benshi bifuzaga gutaha mu mahoro babyihorera bagahitamo gufata intwaro. Nabaha nk’urugero rwa’abatashye hagati ya 1996-1997 bakicwa bo n’imiryango yabo mu bikorwa byateguwe: Lt Col CGSC Stanslas Hakizimana alias Boyé, Lt Col BEMS Innocent Nzabanita alias Dictionnaire (bamumanitse muri cachot babeshya ko yiyahuye bibagirwa ko aho bamumanitse atashoboraga kuhagera kuko yari mugufi cyane), Lt Col BEM Antoine Sebahire, Major BEM Gaspard Mutambuka, Major CGSC Laurent Bizabarimana, Major Uwamungu n’abandi benshi. Aba bose bishwe basanzwe mu ngo zabo cyangwa bagitahuka intambara yitiriwe abacengezi itaraba. Urutonde rw’abasirikare ba FAR n’urwo bapfuye warusanga hano>>

Ibi bikorwa by’ubwicanyi byatumye hari benshi biyemeza kurwana ndetse benshi baguye mu ntambara yakurikiyeho nka ba Lt Col BEM Nkundiye, Lt Col Dr Mugemanyi, Major Bahembera, Major Rwabukwisi n’abandi benshi. Icyo gihe iyo ntambara yiswe iy’abacengezi yaranzwemo urugomo rwinshi ruvanze n’ikinamico aho byari bigoye kumenya koko niba ari abacengezi bateye cyangwa ari Leta ishaka kwikiza abo idashaka. Kubera intambara yari ikomereye ingabo za Leta byabaye ngombwa ko zikoresha uburyo bwo gufataho ingwate abaturage kugira ngo abacengezi batongera gutera batinya ko bica bene wabo, igitero cyose cy’abacengezi cyakurikirwaga no kwica abaturage batabarika ndetse kenshi habura urwitwazo ingabo za Leta zigakora ikinamico zikica abantu ngo byitirirwe abacengezi, natanga ingero z’akabari kitwaga Pensez-y, ibitero kw’ishuri ry’i Muramba, iyicwa rya Major Birasa n’izindi ngero ntarondora.

Impunzi zari zasigaye muri Congo nazo ntabwo zari zorohewe kandi n’abanyarwanda bari bamaze kwibonera ubwicanyi bumaze kubera mu nkambi n’uburyo impunzi zagiye zicwa umugenda Congo yose nta yindi nzira yari isigaye uretse kwirwanaho. Kandi ntagushidikanya ko kuba hari benshi bakiriho babikesha kubaho kwa FDLR.

Igihe Perezida Kabila atewe n’ibihugu by’u Rwanda,Uganda n’u Burundi yitabaje abahoze ari abasirikare mu Rwanda baza kumufasha bavuye mu bihugu bitandukanye bari barahungitemo uretse ko nyuma y’urupfu rwe umuhungu we atubahirije amasezerano abo banyarwanda bari baragiranye na se agashaka kubafata ngo aboherereze Leta ya Kigali. Benshi batorotse aho bari begeranyirijwe berekeza amashyamba ya Kivu.

Agasuzuguro, ubwishongozi, akarengane n’ibindi byinshi bishingiye ku ngufu za gisirikare ngo Leta ya Kagame ifite byateye benshi kumva ko Perezida Kagame nta kindi kizamwumvisha uretse amasasu.

Ibirego FDLR iregwa muri Congo

Mu gihugu cya Congo cyane cyane mu burasirazuba hari imitwe myinshi y’abarwanyi y’abakongomani ndetse n’abanyamahanga, ariko ibikorwa by’ubusahuzi, ubwicanyi no gufata abagore ku ngufu bikorwa n’iyo mitwe yose kongeraho n’ingabo za Congo, iyo witegereje ibivugwa mu binyamakuru by’amahanga ndetse no mu Rwanda ubwaho n’uko igikorwa cyose cy’urugomo kibaye mu burasirazuba bwa Congo buri gihe bashaka kucyegeka kuri FDLR n’iyo ntaho yaba ihuriye nabyo. Ntabwo mpakanye ko FDLR nta bikorwa nk’ibi yaba yarakoze ariko kuvuga ko umutekano muke mu burasirazuba bwa Congo cyangwa ibibazo bya Congo muri rusange biterwa na FDLR byaba ari ukuyobya uburari.

N’ubwo bigoye gupfa kumenya imbaraga za FDLR uko zingana ariko uwavuga ko Leta y’u Rwanda ikabya ubushobozi bwa FDLR mu rwego rwo gutera imbabazi amahanga no gutera ubwoba abaturage b’abatutsi ngo bumve ko ari yo ibarinze bitabuze no kongeraho ko igamije gukomeza genocide.

Mu burasirazuba bwa Congo ntabwo hari FDLR gusa ivuga ikinyarwanda, kuko hari imitwe y’abakogomani b’abahutu nka Nyatura, M23 yiganjemo abatutsi nabo bavuga ikinyarwanda, RUD-Urunana undi mutwe w’abanyarwanda nawo urwanira muri Congo, RPR – Inkeragutabara tutibagiwe ko hari abasirikare b’abanyarwanda bibera muri Congo bitungiwe cyane cyane no gucukura amabuye y’agaciro, kandi ntitwakwibagirwa abahoze ari aba FDLR bakorera Leta ya Kigali nabo bari muri Congo.

Leta y’u Rwanda ikoresheje inshuti zayo mu muryango mpuzamahanga,mu binyamakuru no mu miryango itandukanye itegamiye kuri Leta cyangwa ku mashyirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yumvishije amahanga ko FDLR ari umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi ugirira nabi abanyekongo ndetse bihumira ku mirari akabaye kose muri Congo bagashaka kukagereka kuri FDLR n’iyo kaba kabaye kure y’uduce iherereyemo. Ibi byaje kubyara umusaruro kuko abayobozi bayo bari ku mugabane w’uburayi batawe muri yombi uretse ko iyo urebye ibyo baregwa usanga bidashinga ku buryo igihe bajya imbere y’inkiko politiki itabyivanzemo batsinda nta shiti. Abandi bayobozi ba FDLR bari muri Congo bo bafatiwe ibihano byo kudatemebera n’imitungo yabo igafatirwa nk’uko byafatiwe abandi banyekongo bayoboye imitwe y’abarwanyi nka ba Makenga, Kaina na Ngaruye ba M23. Ariko amakuru atangazwa na Leta y’i Kigali n’abayishyigikiye ko FDLR uri ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba icyo ni ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa, kuko hari abantu benshi babajijwe bo muri Leta y’Amerika bahakana ayo makuru.

Hari benshi bavuga ko FDLR ikorera mu bwiru ndetse idashaka kwegera abandi, ariko ibyo sibyo kuko mu myaka yashize abayobozi bayo bataratabwa muri yombi akenshi hitwajwe ibyaha bibera mu burasirazuba bwa Congo bakoraga ingendo ndetse bagahura n’abagize andi mashyaka bakagirana ibiganiro, mpamya ko iyo badatabwa muri yombi ijwi rya FDLR riba ryumvikana kurusha uko bimeze ubu.

Ese Leta y’u Rwanda ishobora gutsinda FDLR burundu?

Ibi ni ibintu bishoboka ariko uburyo byashoboka byasaba ko Leta y’u Rwanda ihindura uburyo irwanya FDLR.

FDLR yubakiye ku bikorwa by’ubwicanyi byakorewe impunzi z’abanyarwanda, ubwicanyi bukomeje gukorwa na FPR kuva yatangira intambara butagira gihana, akarengane gakomeje kwimonogoza mu gihugu, rero mu gihe ibyo byose byacika nta mpamvu FDLR yaba ifite impamvu yo kurwana ndetse n’abayishyigikira nta mpamvu baba bafite, naho ibikorwa Leta ikora byo kudakemura ibibazo ahubwo hakabaho kujonjora umuntu umwe umwe ku giti cye ibyo icyo byagezeho n’ukubaka FDLR bakayiha ingufu mu gihugu, kuko hari abava muri FDLR bakurikiye amareshya mugeni ya Leta ariko hari n’abandi babakurikira mu rwego rwo gucengera babeshya ko batashye kandi nibo benshi, wenda Leta y’u Rwanda ikeka ko ifite ba maneko bahagije bashobora gutuma hatagira igikorwa gishoboka, nabibutsa ko tutari mu myaka ishize aho ingabo za FPR zashoboraga kwirara ku musozi wose zigatsemba ntihagire urabukwa. Kuba abanyarwanda bafashweho ingwate ngo FDLR nitera bazicwa nkeka ko ari iturufu igenda ita agaciro ko abasirikare biteguye kwiroha mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi bakazabibazwa ni mbarwa. Uretse ko n’ababigizemo uruhare mu myaka yashize ubuhamya bukomeje kwisukiranya ku buryo amaherezo bazabibazwa.

Icyaba cyiza n’uko abanyarwanda twashyira hamwe tukubakira hamwe igihugu cyacu mu bwubahane buri wese akagira amahirwe mu gihugu cye naho kubakira ku musenyi nk’ibyo Leta y’u Rwanda ikora bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kandi zizagera ku banyarwanda bose.

Bertin Gahigi