Iyo “France” yakoresheje “Opération Turquoise” idatabara, abanyarwanda tuba twarashize!

“Opération Turquoise”, ni uburyo bwashyizweho na “Gouvernement” ya “France”, ubwo yazaga gutabara mu Rwanda muri 1994, ubwo genocide yakorerwaga abatutsi yari ikaze! Muri icya gihe, abafaransa bafashe iya mbere mu kuza gutabara abanyarwanda bari muri “zone” abafaransa bise “Turquoise”.

Iyo “zone”(akarere) yari igizwe na Préféctures 3 arizo: Gikongoro, Cyangugu ndetse na Kibuye. Ako karere, kari karimo cyane cyane abanyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu, bariho basunikwa n’ubwicanyi burenze kamere, FPR na Kagame bakoreraga abanyarwanda bo muri ubwo bwoko, byari bimaze kugaragara ko nta handi bari bafite bagombaga kujya, uretse gupfa bagashira bishwe na FPR, cyangwa se bajugunywe mu kiyaga cya Kivu, nk’uko byabonekaga ko ariwo mugambi Kagame na FPR bari bafite!

Bamaze kubona ko ibintu ari uko byari bimeze, abafaransa biyemeje kuza mu Rwanda, gutabara abo banyarwanda bari basumbirijwe. Ni muri urwo rwego France yasabye ONU kuza gutabara mu Rwanda, kugirango abanyarwanda bari bibasiwe na FPR yariho ifata u Rwanda ishyizeho umwete, nabo basubizwe uburenganzira bwabo bw’ibanze bwo kubaho (droit fondamental), bwahungabanyijwe kuva tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990!

Abafaransa babonye nta bushake ONU yari ifite bwo gutabara mu Rwanda icyo gihe (manqué de volonté politique), nibwo biyemeje kujya gutabara mu Rwanda ku ngufu! ONU ibonye abafaransa biyemeje (détermination), nibwo yabemereye kuza gutabara mu Rwanda, maze abasirikare b’icyo guhugu baza bari mu butumwa bwa ONU batyo. Muri icyo gihe, abafaransa bageze mu Rwanda, ntabwo batabaye abanyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu gusa. Batabaye n’abatutsi ndetse n’abatwa, nk’uko tugiye kubibona muri ino nyandiko.

Abafaransa barokoye Abahutu.

Abahutu, nibo banyarwanda ba mbere, babanje kwibasirwa n’intambara yatewe na FPR Inkotanyi ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990. Nk’uko abanyarwanda twese tubizi ndetse n’abanyamahanga, kuri iyo tariki, FPR yateye ivuye Uganda, yinjirira Kagitumba, imanuka u Mutara wose yica abanyarwanda bose ihuye nabo bo mubwoko bw’Abahutu. Ibi ikaba yaragiye ibikora, uko yagendaga ifata akarere kanini ku butaka bw’u Rwanda, uko yabaga irwana na Ex FAR (Abahoze ari ingabo z’u Rwanda).

Ntibyahagarariye aho, kuko uko FPR yagendaga irushaho gufata ubutaka bunini bw’u Rwanda, ni nako abo banyarwanda b’Abahutu bagendaga bayihunga, bitewe n’uko kuntu bari bamaze kuyimenya, mu gihe nyamara abari bashyigikiye FPR Inkotanyi bo, batahwemaga kuvuga abo Bahutu babaga bahunga baringa! Ibi bakaba barabiterwaga rutaziguye cyangwa ruziguye babaga bafitiye FPR, bityo ntibifuze ko ubwo n’urukundo bwicanyi FPR yakoreraga abahutu icyo gihe bumenyekana, kugirango FPR idafatirwa ibihano n’amahanga!

Muri icyo gihe nk’uko byaje kugaragara FPR imaze gufata Byumba, Kibungo, igice kinini cya Kigali kigizwe n’ubugesera, ndetse na Ruhengeri, byagaragaraga ko Abanyarwanda benshi, cyane cyane abahutu, bahungaga berekera mu burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, muri Préféctures za Gikongoro, Cyangugu, Kibuye ndetse na Gisenyi.

Muri ibyo bihe, nibwo Guverinoma ya France, yasabye ONU kuza gutabara mu Rwanda, kuko byabonekaga ko hashoboraga gupfa abantu benshi cyane, mu gihe nyamara ONU yatsetaga ibirenge mu gufata umwanzuro wo kwemeza ko habaho “intervention” yo gutabara abicwaga mu Rwanda muri 1994. Guverinoma ya France, ibonye ko ONU itseta ibirenge mu buryo butumvikanaga, kandi abantu bariho bapfa ku bwinshi, nibwo yahise ifata icyemezo cya kigabo cyo kujya gutabara abicwaga mu Rwanda! ONU ibonye ko France yari yiyemeje kugenda, ihera ko yemera ko abafaransa bajya gutabara mu Rwanda.

Abafaransa bageze mu Rwanda icyo bahise bakora, bahise babuza FPR gukomeza kujya muri Préféctures za Gikongoro, Cyangugu na Kibuye, maze ako karere bakita “Zone Turquoise”. Muri ako karere, uwabaga yagezemo wese, yaba umuhutu, umututsi cyangwa umutwa, yabaga arokotse icumu ryavuzaga ubuhuha rya FPR Inkotanyi ku ruhande rumwe, ndetse n’iry’interahamwe ku rundi ruhande. Icyagaragaraga icyo gihe, ni uko FPR yari ifite umugambi wo gusunikira abahutu mu kiyaga cya kivu! Ibi bikemezwa n’uko Président Kagame akiri Vice Président wa Repubulika, kandi akaba ari na we mu by’ukuri wari ufite ubutegetsi, yavuze ko ababajwe no kuba atarashoboye kumara abahutu, mu ijambo yigeze kuvugira ahitwa i Murambi ku Gikongoro. Icyo gihe, yari ababajwe no kuba abahutu bari bamaze guhungira mu cyahoze ari Zaire ariyo RD Congo ku bwinshi. Muribuka ko bitagarukiye aho, kuko nyuma y’uko abafaransa basubiye iwabo bavuye mu Rwanda muri Kanama 1994, FPR itatinze gukurikira abahutu aho bari barahungiye muri Congo, ubwo yabasenyeraga amakambi guhera muri 1996, maze ikabica umugenda kugera i Kinshasa, mu rugendo rwa kilometero zirenga 3.000 bagenze n’amaguru, amahanga yose arebera!

Ibi bivuga ko iyo abafaransa bataza muri “operation Turquoise”, Kagame na FPR baba baramaze abanyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu, kuko kuba yararinze kwirengagiza amasezerano ku mpunzi (The 1951 UN Convention of Refugees) ivuga ko impunzi zamaze kwambuka umupaka w’igihugu cyazo, zijya hakurya, nta wufite uburenganzira bwo kuzitera yo, ndetse ngo anazice. Ibi byerekana ko na mbere hose nta mugambi mwiza Kagame yari afitiye abaturage b’abahutu, kuko n’uko yagiye ategeka mu myaka yakurikiyeho kugeza magingo aya, nta cyiza abifuriza, uretse kubamara; binagaragarira muri “policies” zisharira yagiye abashyiriraho kandi akomeje kubashyiriraho, zigamije kubica buhoro buhoro, kuko byitwa ubu ko mu Rwanda ari amahoro, kandi ari ikinyoma! Mwibuke kandi ko Kagame na FPR ye, bamaze abahutu bari mu nkambi ya Kibeho, aho abafaransa baviriye mu Rwanda!

Kimwe mu bigaragara, ni uko igituma Président Kagame yibasira abafaransa muri iki gihe, ni uko abafaransa bamubujije kumara abahutu nk’uko bigaragara ko ari byo yifuzaga, noneho akabahimbira ibyaha kugirango abasebye. Impamvu y’ibi, ni uko leta ya Kagame ibyutsa gukorera abafaransa ama “dossiers”, ibabeshyera ko bakoze génocide, iyo abafaransa bavuze ko bagiye gukora iperereza ku warashe indege ya Président Habyarimana. Mbere y’uko abafaransa batangira kuvuga ko bagiye gukora iryo perereza, Président Kagame ntiyabavugaga. Bivuga ko ibyo avuga byo gukurikirana abasilikare babo, ari nta shingiro bifite, ahubwo bikaba ari nko kubakanga ngo bareke gukora iryo perereza ku wahanuye iriya ndege, benshi bamaze kwemeza ko ari we watanze itegeko ryo kuyihanura, maze ikaba imbarutso ya genocide yakorewe abatutsi.

N’ubwo ariko ukuri kwagiye kwirengagizwa muri iyi myaka 22 irenga Kagame na FPR bamaze ku butegetsi, bivuye ku nyungu z’abo nyine bari ku butegetsi, hari byinshi byagiye bitangazwa byabaye ubwo genocide yakorewe abatutsi yabaga, bitari ukuri. Urugero rw’ukuri kwagiye kwirengagizwa kuko bariya bategetsi batashatse ko gutangazwa, ni uko ku ruhande rumwe, Kagame yabaye uwa mbere mu gutangaza muri Mata 1994 ko nta munyamahanga ugomba kuza gutabara mu Rwanda, kugirango inyungu ze zidahungabana. Izo nyungu ze, zari ugufata ubutegetsi, abikesha ko yashoboye kwemeza abazungu ko abahutu aribo bamaze abatutsi. Mwibuke ko icyo gihe muri Mata 1994, abahutu bishe abatutsi, bari batari bageza ku mubare w’abatutsi benshi Kagame yifuzaga, kugirango akunde yemeze abazungu ko abahutu bakoze genocide yibasiye abatutsi, byose ari ukugirango akunde ajye ku butegetsi. Ibi byabaye, mu gihe abatutsi bo babaga bibaza impamvu FPR itarimo kwihutira kubatabara, kandi bari basumbirijwe, nyamara batazi ko uwo ngo bari bazi ko yaje kubakiza ari we Kagame, ari we wari yarangije kubatanga ngo bashire kuri za nyungu ze navuze haruguru! Mbega ubugambanyi, mbega ubugome! Nibyo koko “akamasa kazaca inka kazivukamo koko”! Sinigeze numva umuntu wagambaniye abantu bo mu bwoko bwe, bene kariya kageni !

Muri icyo gihe kandi, intumwa za FPR zabaga zibisikana n’abari bagize Gouvernement y’abatabazi i New York muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, zirimo gusaba ko nta muntu ugomba gutabara (intervention), mu gihe noneho ku rundi ruhande, intumwa za Gouvernement y’abatabazi bo ibintu byari byabarenze, bajya kwinginga abazungu ngo batabare, bongere ingabo za MINUAR. Ibi babikoraga batazi ko ahubwo abategetsi b’ino si bo bari bategetse ko n’ingabo za MINUAR zari ziri mu Rwanda zagombaga gutahuka! Ibi bikaba byari ukugirango ngo hatagira uza mu Rwanda, akabona neza uko abatutsi bicwaga, bityo akaba ahubwo yabuza Kagame gufata ubutegetsi, kandi kuri we yari yaramaze kwemeza ko n’iyo abatutsi bashira, we yagombaga gufata ubutegetsi nta gisibya! Nimwiyumvire namwe ibyago by’abanyarwanda! Ibi bikaba bisobanura ko iyo abafaransa badatabara, atari abahutu gusa bari gushira. Abatutsi nabo, baba barashize!

Abafaransa barokoye Abatutsi.

Abafaransa bamaze kugera mu Rwanda mu karere kagizwe na Préféctures za Gikongoro, Cyangugu na Kibuye, ntabwo batabaye abaturage bo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu gusa. Icyo gihe, batabaye n’abaturage bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi. Abo batutsi, bari bagiye bahungana n’Abahutu, biturutse ku kuba bari barashakanye na bo, kuba bari amacuti yabo, cyangwa se no kuba harimo abahungaga intambara ubwabyo, cyane cyane abatari baratanze imisanzu ya FPR, kuko nabo bafatwaga nk’abahutu, bityo bakicwa na FPR. Si abo gusa bakijijwe, kuko n’abari batuye muri ako karere nabo abafaransa barabakijije. Aba bose, bagiye batabarwa n’abasilikare b’abafaransa, kuko babaga basumbirijwe n’interahamwe ku ruhande rumwe, ndetse na FPR ku rundi ruhande nk’uko byagaragaye.

Abatutsi bari barahungiye mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi muri Cyangugu, nabo baratabawe. Mu gihe abafaransa bari bataraza mu karere, abatutsi bo muri iyo nkambi bahoranaga ubwoba bwinshi, bibaza uko bizabagendekera, nyuma y’uko abatutsi b’ahandi mu gihugu batangiye kwicwa, nyuma yiraswa ry’indege y’uwari umukuru w’igihugu cy’u Rwanda Nyakwigendera Juvénal Habyarimana. Iyo abafaransa bataza muri kariya karere, abatutsi barokowe ntibaba bararokotse, kuko uko FPR yarwanaga na Ex FAR, ikanica n’abaturage bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu, ni nako byarushagaho kurakaza abahutu muri rusange, ku buryo ibyari gukurikiraho byari kuba ibindi bindi.

Ibi bigatuma umuntu arushaho kubona ko kuba Kagame yarangiye abanyamahanga gutabara (intervention), maze abasilikare ba MINUAR bakagabanywa aho kwongerwa, byabonekaga ko abo batutsi bo mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi, no muri “zone Turquoise” muri rusange, nabo bashoboraga kwibasirwa bagashira, kuko nabo yari yabatanze! Bivuga ko iyo abafaransa badatabara, abatutsi baba barashize.

Ahubwo ni uko byabaye gukorera indashima, ubundi Président Kagame yagombye gushimira abafaransa, kuko aribo bamufashije Président Habyarimana, bityo akaba ari ku butegetsi ubu! None se, iyo Président Mitterant wariho icyo gihe mu bufaransa, atumvisha Président Habyarimana ko yagombaga kwemera amashyaka menshi (multipartisme) mu ntambara, Kagame na FPR se bari gushobora bate Habyarimana? Ko batari kubona aho banyuza umwiryane bashyize mu mashyaka yavutse muri icyo gihe yaje guha FPR icyanzu cyo gufata igihugu! Iyo Habyarimana agumishaho MRND gusa, buri wese arabona ko FPR itari kuyihangara, iyo MRND igumaho yonyine nk’ishyaka rimwe rukumbi. Icyo gihe, abantu bayivuyemo, ntibaba barashyizeho andi mashyaka yabereyeho gusa kuryanisha abanyarwanda bari mu gihugu, maze ngo Kagame waje amara ndetse akamarisha abanyarwanda abone icyanzu atyo, cyo gufata ubutegetsi. Yewe! None ngo abafaransa bakoze genocide! Ndi Kagame nashimira abafaransa, kuko iyo Habyarimana ahitamo kuba ikinani nk’uko yabivuze ntabikore, aba yarabaye nka Kagame umaze kugama (kunanira abantu bose). Bivuga ko na n’ubu Kagame na FPR baba bakirwana, cyangwa barataye urugamba bagasubira Uganda badafashe u Rwanda, iyo Président Mitterant atumvisha Président Habyarimana ibyaje kumukoraho!

Abafaransa barokoye Abatwa.

Abafaransa, ntibatabaye abahutu n’abatutsi gusa. Ahubwo, batabaye n’abatwa. Ibi bikaba byaragaragaye, ubwo mu bantu bahungaga imirwano hagati y’ingabo zari zihanganye, ndetse n’icumu rya FPR ryibasiraga abaturage bo mu bwoko navuze haruguru, byagaragaye ko mu bahungaga icyo gihe harimo n’abatwa nabo baganaga mu karere ka Turquoise. Uko ubwicanyi bwa FPR n’imirwano muri rusange byagendaga bisunika abantu, ni nako abantu bagendaga barushaho kwibaza uko imitegekere ya FPR izaba imeze, bivuye ku kuba abantu hafi ya bose barahungaga ubugome babaga bamaze kuyibonana! Wasangaga abantu bibaza impamvu intambara y’u Rwanda itagize ishusho imwe nk’iy’izindi zagiye zibaho muri Afrika, aho abarwanaga barwanaga, barangiza, utsinze agafata ubutegetsi, agatanga ihumure, maze abantu bakisubirira mu bintu byabo mu buzima busanzwe. Mu Rwanda ntibyagenze bityo, kuko utarahungaga yagombaga gupfa. Icyabaga kinatangaje kurushaho, ni uko hari n’abiyemezaga gusubira inyuma bacyeka ko bashoboraga kuyoboka ubutegetsi bushyashya nk’uko ahandi bigenda, maze noneho ingabo za leta nshya, arizo za FPR zikabica! Icyarushijeho gutangaza abantu mu ntambara y’u Rwanda, ni uko na nyuma y’imyaka 22 yose leta nshya yiyise iy’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda (kandi atari byo), yanze gutanga ihumure, maze ndetse, igakurikirana abanyarwanda bayihunze, baba abayihungiye mu mahanga ya hafi, ndetse n’aya kure, nk’uko bimaze kugaragara ahatari hacye ku isi !

Muri 1994, wasangaga abanyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abatwa, bavuga bati:”Ariko se abahutu n’abatutsi bazahora barwana kugeza ryari?” “Kuki badahana amahoro ngo babane mu mahoro, none bakaba batuma twese dushira tuzira akamama?!” Ibi nashoboye kubibona ntyo, mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994, ubwo nari ngeze ahantu bita ku Buhanda hafi ya Gitwe, mu cyahoze ari Préfécture ya Gitarama! Icyo gihe, nibwo abandi banyarwanda bo mu bundi bwoko butari abatwa, twatangazwaga n’ukuntu nyamara abatwa babaga bari kuvuga ukuri gusa gusa! Icyo gihe abandi banyarwanda babaga barenzwe no gushwiragira, biruka bahunga ubwicanyi ndenga kamere inkotanyi n’interahamwe zari zagiye zikora. Ubu bwicanyi bukaba bwari bwakajije umurego, kuva tariki ya 7 Mata 1994, ubwo Nyakwigendera Président Habyarimana yari amaze kwitaba Imana, aguye mu ndege, bivugwa ko yahanuwe ku itegeko ryatanzwe n’uwari kandi akaba akiri umugaba mukuru w’ingabo za FPR inkotanyi, ari we Général Major Paul Kagame Président wa Republika y’u Rwanda muri iki gihe, akaba muri 1994 yari afite ipeti rya Major muri izo ngabo nyine yayoboraga kandi n’ubu akiyobora. Abatwa, nabo bari mu banyarwanda bagaragaye muri “Zone Turquoise”. Bivuga ko iyo abafaransa badatabara, abatwa nabo baba barashize!

Mbere yo kurangiza ariko, umuntu akaba yakwibaza kino kibazo:”Ese, ko bigaragara ko Kagame yashakaga kumaraho abanyarwanda yasanze mu gihugu (abatwa, abahutu n’abatutsi), u Rwanda Kagame yarwaniraga, yashakaga kurutegeka rutuyemo ba nde?” Yaba yarashakaga se ko ruturwa n’abavuye i Bugande, n’i Burundi gusa? Aba se nibo banyarwanda bonyine yarwaniye?! Yashakaga se ko ruturwa n’abanyamahanga gusa se, nk’uko biboneka ahatari hacye? Ahaaa! Imana ishimwe ko abafaransa babaye abagabo, bakirengagiza ubushake bucye bwariho muri ONU (manque de volonté politique), maze bagatabara abanyarwanda! Kuko iyo bitaba ibyo, abanyarwanda baba barazimye!

Mu gusoza, nyuma yo kwerekana ko abanyarwanda bose, baba Abahutu, Abatutsi ndetse n’Abatwa bose bakijijwe n’Abafaransa, nagirango ngaragaze ko President Kagame yagombye kureka kuba indashima, ahubwo agashimira abafaransa ku mugaragaro, kuko aribo batumye ashobora kugera ku butegetsi. Nk’uko bigaragara, President Kagame yikoreye abafaransa, kuko bamubujije kumara abanyarwanda, cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bw’abahutu. Ikindi kigaragara, ni uko ibyaha Président Kagame ashinja abafaransa ntaho bishingiye, kuko abibashinja buri gihe, iyo abafaransa bavuze ko bagiye kubyutsa i “dossier” y’uwahanuye indege ya Président Habyarimana. Bigaragara rero ko, iyo batabivuze, Président Kagame yicecekera, ntagire icyo abashinja. Bivuga ko Président Kagame atifuza ko abafaransa bavuga ibijyanye n’iriya “dossier”, kuko azi icyo yishinja ku birebana nayo. Kwicecekera, ni ugutiza umurindi Kagame, wahisemo kwihisha inyuma yo guceceka kuko azi ko ari byo bimufasha! Ibifasha Kagame ntibifasha abanyarwanda na gato, kuko bitaba mu nyungu ze. Birababaje cyane, kubona aho twagashimiye abafaransa uruhare rukomeye bagize mu kuturokora nk’abanyarwanda, ahubwo usanga dutinyuka kwicecekera, twemerera Kagame kubeshya nk’uko tumenyereye ko ingoma ye mu byayiranze iyi myaka 22 yose, huzuyemo ibinyoma gusa gusa!

Abanyarwanda twagombye kwisubiraho, tukavugisha ukuri dushimira abafaransa ku mugaragaro, maze tukaboneraho no gusaba ko ukuri ku iraswa ry’indege yabaye intandaro ya génocide yakorewe abatutsi kwashyirwa ahagaragara, abahamwe n’icyo cyaha abo aribo bose bagahanwa, abagaragaweho ko barengana bakezwa n’inkiko. Bityo abanyarwanda twese tukabana mu mahoro twubahana.

“Kuvugisha ukuri ntibyica umutumirano”.

Niyomugaba Jean de la Paix

Kigali – Rwanda.