Kuri uyu wa gatandatu, taliki ya 01 mata 2017, ni bwo gereza ya Kimironko yahiye, ibikoresho by’abagororwa bikongokera mo. Nyuma y’umunsi umwe gusa, ni bwo abanyururu bigaragambije, basaba inzego za gereza ko zabashumbusha ibikoresho byabo. Nyamara ntacyakozwe kuko ubuyobozi bwatumye gereza ishya, si bwo bwari no guhindukira ngo bunashumbushe ibyayihiriyemo.
Amateka ya gereza ya Kimironko
Mbere y’uko inkotanyi zifata ubutegetsi, muri 1994, iki kigo cyiswe gereza, cyari icya Onatracom. Kubera ubwinshi bw’abantu abasirikare b’inkotanyi basakumaga ku misozi hose yo mu nkengero z’umugi wa Kigali no mu makomini yegeranye na Kigali, ubwinshi bwabo bwaburiwe umwanya, zibatsindagira muri icyo kigo cya Onatracom, cyaparikwaga mo amabisi, nyuma yo kuvana no kujyana abakozi ku kazi. Leta yagombaga kubona aho ishyira abo bantu, yapfuye kubarundamo gusa, nta byangombwa biteganywa mu magereza y’u Rwanda, birimo. Ni ukuvuga amazi, ibitanda, aho batekera, aho bituma, aho bogera, n’ibindi bikoresho bya ngombwa bisabwa mu magereza yose yari asanzwe mu gihugu.
Mu rwego rwo kugoboka abo bantu, bari bacucitse nk’ibishyimbo, Umuryango mpuzamahanga utabara imbabare (CICR), wihutiye kuzana amahema muri icyo kigo, kugirango abanyururu babone aho bikinga izuba ryamenaga imbwa agahanga muri uko kwezi kwa karindwi. Uyu muryango wahise unamena mo ibiribwa : ibishyimbo, ibigori n’amavuta, ariko abafungwa babura amazi yo kubitekesha n’aho babitekera, kubera ko ubuyobozi bwa gereza bwahise bufunga amazi mu ma robinets yose. Kugirango aho bitekerwa haboneke, byafashe byibura ukwezi abanyururu benshi bapfira muri icyo kigo, kubera ko baburaga amazi yo gutekesha n’aho batekera ibyo CICR yari imaze igihe ibagemuriye.
Ku wa 13 gicurasi 1997, ubwo numero 50 y’ikinyamakuru nayoboraga yanyongerwaga mu icapiro ry’igihugu (Imprimerie nationale), procureur Emmanuel Rukangira, yankatiye urwo gupfa, ansangisha abandi muri iyo «camp de concentration». Ubuzima nasanze butangiye kugaruka kuko CICR yari yasabye ubuyobozi bwa gereza ko amazi bayafungura, ari na bwo ama robinets yatangiye kuboneka mo amazi, ariko mu gihe gito n’ubundi ubuyobozi bwa gereza burongera burayafunga. Kugirango babone ayo gutekesha ibyo bigori n’ibishyimbo, abanyururu bajyaga kuvoma amazi hanze ya gereza, ariko n’ubundi ayo bazanaga akababana iyanga.
Umugambi wari uwo kubica
Gereza ya Kimironko ubundi yari igenewe abaturage basanzwe b’abahinzi, baturukaga mu makoni yo muri Kigali ngali, arimo Gikomero n’ayegereye inkengero z’iyo komini. Abenshi mu bari bafungiwemo nta madosiye bagiraga. Abasirikari cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo, bazaga bashoreye imfungwa, bakajugunya muri gereza, bityo bityo. Uwitwa Rutabagirwa, wari burugumesitiri wa komini Gikomero, buri munsi ntiyaburaga nka babiri aheka ku ipikipiki ye, akajugunya muri gereza. Buri gihe ku mugoroba, ntihaburaga na none imfungwa zirigiswa n’abacungagereza, bakajya kuzicira inyuma y’ikigo.
Ibi byaje guhinduka aho CICR isabiye uwari umuyobozi wa gereza (Gatare James) kumuha umubare w’abafungiye muri iyo «camp de concentration», ndetse n’amadosiye yabo akamenyekana. Iri barura ryaje guteza ingorane zikomeye, ndetse bigera kuri minisitiri w’ubutabera w’icyo gihe (Faustin Nteziryayo), na Nkubito Alphonse wa Cladho, bananiwe gukemura icyo kibazo, kuko mu by’ukuri na bo nta bushobozi bari bafite bwo kugikemura.
CICR ibonye ko ibibazo bibaye politiki, aho kuba ikibazo cy’imfungwa zakoze ibyaha, yakoze akazi kayo ko kwinjira muri gereza ku ngufu, no gushyiraho itsinda ry’ababara abo bantu, cyane cyane ko bamwe banyerezwaga ninjoro, bakicirwa inyuma ya gereza. Umwicanyi mukuru wabo yari uwitwa Surveillant-chef Kavunangoma n’uwari umwungirije witwaga Damaseni.
Kugirango CICR imenye abantu banyerezwaga, bakajya kwicirwa inyuma ya gereza, yitabazaga abanyururu bamwe na bamwe, batangaga amakuru mu ibanga. Muri abo, mvuze ko nari mbarimo, ntawanyomoza. Iri banga ryaje kumenyekana, ubwo nyuma y’umwaka umwe gusa, ubuyobozi bwakoresheje imyigaragambyo ngo yo gusaka imbunda muri iyo gereza, ariko bugamije mu by’ukuri gufunga no gukubita abo bakekaga ko batanga amakuru mu bazungu bo muri CICR. Abitwa Dominiko Makeli na Amiel Nkuliza, bafashwe mu b’ikubitiro, bakubitwa nk’iz’akabwana. Urupfu barukijijwe n’abanyururu, bongoreye abagore babo, ubwo bari babagemuriye, ko Amiel na Makeli bapfiriye muri gereza, bazize inkoni.
Umugore wa Makeli n’uwa Amiel, bahise birukira mu muryango wa Nations-Unies urengera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, wakoreraga hariya muri Lycée ya Kigali, gutabaza. Abakozi bawo bazindukiye kuri gereza, basaba Gatare James kwerekana aho iyo mirambo yombi iherereye. Uyu muyobozi wa gereza, yahise abwira abo bakozi ba Loni ko abo banyamakuru bombi batigeze bapfa. Nyamara abo bagabo bombi n’umugore umwe, banze kuva kuri gereza, batabonye iyo mirambo. Byaje kunanirana, bitabaza minisitiri Faustin Nteziryayo, n’umuyobozi w’amagereza (Nyirampabwa), basabye Gatare ko izo ntere zisohorwa mu kasho, kugirango zimurikirwe abo bazungu. Nguko uko twasohowe mu kasho turi imirambo. Nguko uko minisitiri Nteziryayo yahise asaba Nyirampabwa na Gatare ko ntawe uzongera no kudukoza urwara. Nguko uko Amiel na Makeli babaye ibitambo by’abashoboraga gukomeza kwicirwa inyuma ya «camp de concentration».
Ugushya kwa gereza ya Kimironko
Ugushya kwa gereza nkubona mo impamvu ebyiri: iya mbere ni uko kuva muri 94, iriya «camp de concentration» itigeze ikorerwa imirimo iteganywa mu bindi bigo by’amagereza, uko ari cumi na kimwe. Ubucucike bw’abantu bwakomeje kwiyongera, babyiganira muri ayo mahema yo ku Kimironko. Icya kabiri ni uko, uko ibihe byagiye byigira imbere, ubuyobozi bwa gereza bwagiye bworoshya ingoyi, ku buryo abagororwa bemererwaga kwinjiza itabi, bakanarinywera muri ayo mahema. Ugushya kwayo kukaba gushobora kuba kwaratewe n’iryo tabi ryanywerwaga muri ayo mahema, yari amaze igihe, adasimburwa.
Indi ntera yatewe mu magereza y’u Rwanda, yagombye no kwishimirwa, ni uko noneho abanyururu bari basigaye batinyuka kwigaragambya. Ni ukuvuga ko bamaze gutinyuka ubuyobozi, cyane cyane ko iyo harimo abafungiwe ubusa, bamaze imyaka bataburanishwa cyangwa ngo barekurwe, baba bararenze ubwoba bw’urupfu. Hari abo nasizemo barimo nka ingénieur Habyarimana, wari Comité central wa MRND mu mugi wa Kigali, waje gufungurwa n’urukiko kubera ko nta dosiye yagiraga, ariko aza gusubizwamo. Si uwo gusa kuko hari n’abandi benshi barimo nka Basile Nsabumugisha, wahoze ari perefe wa Ruhengeri, ubu wamereye mo isharankima, kandi nta dosiye agira. Abo ni abazwi, abatazwi bo murumva urwo bapfuye, nyuma y’imyaka irenga 20.
Ibi byose ni ibimenyetso by’uko ubutegetsi bwa FPR, abo buticaga muri kiriya gihe, bwabaga bubibikiye muri za «camps de concentration» nk’iya Kimironko na Ririma, kugirango bujye bubica buhoro buhoro. Uwo Imana itarakuraho amaboko, nguko uko yagiye arusimbuka.
Amiel Nkuliza, Sweden.
