Duhere mu mizi ikibazo kiri mu Rwanda. Nkuko amateka y’U Rwanda n’akarere abigaragaza, umutekano muke mu Rwanda no mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari uterwa no KWIKUBIRA UBUTEGETSI n’ibyiza by’igihugu kwa bene SEBATUTSI na bene SEBAHUTU uko ingoma zabo zagiye zisimburana.
Guhera mu kinyejana cya 16 ubwo abami b’abahutu bitwaga ABAHINZA bahirikwaga ku ngoma n’abami b’abatutsi. Mbere yuko abazungu b’abamisiyoneri bagera mu Rwanda mu 1900, ubutegetsi bwose bwari mu maboko y’umwami wagombaga kuba ari umututsi. Uko bakurikiranye abo bami bari barihaye ububasha bwose ku bahutu n’ibyabo byose. Guhera mu 1900, ubwo abazungu b’abamisiyoneri bageraga mu Rwanda, abahutu nabwo bake batangiye kwiga iby’iyobokamana, bamwe binjira mu mashuri y’abihayimana, seminari, n’ay’inderabarezi. Nibwo abanyarwanda ba mbere babatijwe mu 1904, mu 1917 abambere bahabwa ubupadiri, mu myaka yakurikiyeho abahutu bashishikarijwe kwiga babifashijwemo n’abazungu kugirango nabo bazabafashe gucengeza amahame n’amatwara y’idini mu babo dore ko n’ibarura ry’abaturage ryo mu 1930 ryagaragaje ko ABAHUTU aribo nyamwinshi.
Mu 1945, abahutu benshi bize mu mashuri y’abihayimana n’inderabarezi bari bamaze gusohoka, muri abo twavuga nka KAYIBANDA Grégoire, … izo mfura z’abahutu mu mashuri zabaye umusemburo muri rubanda nyamwinshi maze zibumvisha akarengane, zibakangurira uburengazira bwabo, ko bagomba kwipakurura uburetwa, ubuhake, umujishi n’ikiboko by’umwami, maze muri Werurwe 1957 zisohora agatabo bise « MANIFESTE Y’ABAHUTU » karimo ibyo bifuza. Bidatinze mu ntangiriro z’Ugushyingo 1959 Revolisiyo sosiyari y’abahutu iratangira, abatutsi bahungira mu bihugu bikikije u Rwanda abandi barayoboka. Kugirango abahutu bigobotore iyo ngoma ya cyami, habaye amatora ya KAMARAMPAKA ahagarariwe na LONI (ONU) kuwa 25 Nzeri 1961, abahutu bafata ubutegetsi gutyo Mbonyumutwa aba perezida w’agateganyo guhera tariki ya 28 Mutarama 1961, Repubulika ya mbere y’abahutu, KAYIBANDA ayibera perezida kuwa 26 Ukwakira 1961. U Rwanda ruhabwa ubwigenge kuwa 1 Nyakanga 1962.
N’ubwo ubutegetsi bwasubiye mu maboko y’abahutu, ubwo butegetsi ntibwabashije gushinga imizi kubera ibitero by’impunzi z’abatutsi bya hato na hato :
Kuwa 21 Nyakanga 1961 inyenzi zateye i Nyagatare ; Kuwa 10 Mutarama 1962 inyenzi zateye I Gabiro; Kuwa 17 Nyakanga 1962 inyenzi zateye i Nyagatare; Mu Ukuboza 1963 inyenzi zateye mu Bugesera; Kuwa 01 Kamena 1964 inyenzi zateye mu Bugarama; Mu Ugushyingo 1966 inyenzi zateye muri NSHILI no mu BWEYEYE. Kandi n’ikibazo cya KIGA-NDUGA nticyamworoheye.
Iki ahanini akaba aricyo cyatumye mu 1973 haba Revolisiyo yo bise mvugurura muco maze kuwa 5 NYAKANGA Général Major HABYALIMANA Juvénal afata ubutegetsi. Aha na none n’ubwo umuhutu HABYALIMANA yasimbuye umuhutu KAYIBANDA Grégoire k’ubutegetsi, ikibazo cy’impunzi z’abatutsi nticyakemutse kuko mu Ukuboza 1973, perezida HABYALIMANA yatanze itangazo rihamagarira impunzi gutahuka mu mahoro, zanga gutaha zitwa impunzi, nyuma hakurikiyeho n’ ibiganiro n’ibihugu byari bizicumbikiye, hanashyirwaho komisiyo yo kwiga ikibazo cy’impunzi kuwa 09 Gashyantare 1989 ntibyagira icyo bigeraho kuko icyo zashakaga ari ubutegetsi.
Ntibyatinze, kuwa 01 Ukwakira 1990, izo nyenzi ziyise na none FPR – Inkotanyi zishyigikiwe n’igihugu cy’Ubugande na bimwe mu bihugu by’ibihangange kuri iyi si zagabye igitero simusiga k’u RWANDA zigambiriye gufata ubutegetsi mu minsi 3 gusa. Ariko ntibyazihiriye kuko abaturage b’aho zinjiriye cyane muri ierefegitura ya Byumba batazikomeye amashyi, maze nazo mu kubihimura zibicira kubamara, ku buryo mu myaka 3 n’igice intambara yamaze, i Byumba FPR-Inkotanyi yahishe ibihumbi birenga 650.000 tutavuze n’ahandi yagiye inyura yica. Hagati aho ibiganiro birebana n’itahuka ry’impunzi byarakomeje haba i Mwanza , Dar-es-Salam, Arusha muri TANZANIA, GOMA, N’SELE muri ZAIRE. Mu rwego rw’imiyoborere myiza mu 1991, amashyaka menshi aremerwa arashingwa akora ku mugaragaro mu Rwanda.
Ariko FPR-Inkotanyi iranga ikomeza gushoza intambara. Nyuma y’amasezerano y’amahoro yasinywe kuwa 3 Kanama 1993, kuwa 06 Mata 1994, FPR-Inkotanyi ihanura indege yari itwaye perezida HABYALIMANA Juvénal ubwo yavaga i Dar-es-Salam muri TANZANIA kwiga na none uko ayo masezerano azashyirwa mu bikorwa. Guhera ubwo abanyarwanda, ABAHUTU n’ABATUTSI basubiranamo baricana karahava, aribyo amahanga n’abanyepolitiki bise “Génocide” y’abanyarwanda mu Ugushyingo 1994. Kuwa 19 Nyakanga 1994, FPR-Inkotanyi , yafashe ubutegetsi ku ngufu i KIGALI, yirengagiza amasezerano yari yarasinywe Arusha muri Tanzania 1993, maze agatsiko k’abatutsi gasubirana ububasha bwo kwica no gukiza umuhutu nka mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu. Icyo gihe FPR-Inkotanyi yiraye nta nkomyi mu bahutu imbere mu gihugu iratsembatsemba “Cfr le livre du groupe des experts internationaux SILENCE SUR UN ATTENTAT (page 67) beaucoup de milliers de personnes mortes Cfr JEUNE AFRIQUE N° 1822 du 07 au 13 DEC 1995 – Edition Afrique noire 250.000 morts ; Cfr le livre de Maurice NIWESE, LE PEUPLE RWANDAIS UN PIED DANS LA TOMBE (page 206) plus de 5.000 morts, Cfr JEUNE AFRIQUE N° 1811 du 21 au 27 SEP 1995 plusieurs milliers morts, …, » irarigisa, irafunga, igihugu gicura icuraburindi n’imiborogo. Abarusimbutse bahungira mu bihugu bikikije u Rwanda, mu Bugande, mu Burundi, muri Tanzania ariko cyane muri Zaïre (ariyo RD Congo y’ubu). 1996 FPR-Inkotanyi yakurikiranye impunzi z’abahutu mu burasirazuba bwa RD Congo aho zari zarahungiye izisenyeraho inkambi, irazica izindi izicyura bunyago ijya kuzica no kuzifunga mu buroko mu Rwanda. Abacitse FPR-Inkotanyi bamenenganiye mu mashyamba y’inzitane ya Zaïre naho ibakurikiranayo ibicira kubamara (Cfr LE MONDE du 26 FEV 1997, 400.000 morts; le journal LA VIE N° 2722 du 30 OCT 1997 (page 8 ) de Gilbert PERRIN plusieurs de milliers personnes massacrées,…)aribyo impuguke za LONI, nyuma y’iperereza zakoze zise “Mapping report” ivugako ibyabaye ari Génocide biramutse byemejwe n’ubucamanza bubifitiye ububasha.
Ubwo bwicanyi FPR-Inkotanyi yabukoraga igirango abahutu batazongera gutegeka ukundi no kurangiza ikibazo cy’impunzi no kugirango hatazagira uwegura agatwe avuga ibibi FPR-Inkotanyi yabakoreye. Bamwe muri bake barokotse ubwicanyi muri ayo mashyamba bahungiye mu bihugu bikikije RD Congo, CONGO BRAZZA, RCA, ANGOLA,… 1998 izo mpunnzi z’abahutu b’abanyarwanda zarokotse ubwicanyi mu mashyamba ya RD Congo perezida Laurent Désiré KABILA yarazitabaje ngo zigaruke zimuvune mu ntambara ye ya 2 n’abari bamufashije guhirika MOBUTU aribo, u Rwanda, u Burundi n’Ubugande; impunzi ziba zifashe imbunda gutyo. Kuwa 16 Mutarama 2001, perezida Laurent Désiré KABILA aricwa, arashwe Kigali ibigizemo uruhare.
Amaze gupfa urugamba rwaje guhindura isura. Impunzi z’abahutu b’abanyarwanda, mu rwego rwo gushakira amahoro akarere n’abanyarwanda ziyemeza kureka intambara y’amasasu maze ziyoboka intambara ya politiki, nubwo izo mpunzi zishyizwe mu nkambi ya gisirikare y’i KAMINA “BAKA”; imbunda 2.000 ziratwikwa i KINSHASA. Mu Gushyingo 2002 ubwo imishyikirano yari imaze kugera ku myanzuro ishimishije iganisha ku mahoro arambye mu Rwanda no mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, FPR-Inkotanyi n’ibihugu by’inshuti zayo byaburijemo ibyari imishyikirano, izo mpunzi zari mu nkambi y’i Kamina ziraraswa, zimwe ziricwa, izindi zicyurwa bunyago mu Rwanda. Izarokotse ubwo bwicanyi zinjira amashyamba kuwa 15 Gashyantare 2003 i KILEMBWE ho muri Sud-Kivu zihura n’izarokotse ubwicanyi zabaga mu burasirazuba bwa RDCongo; FOCA zivuka i LUIZI muri Kanama 2003.
Mu mugambi wayo wo kwikubira ubutegetsi no gushaka gusibanganya ikibazo cy’impunzi FPR-Inkotanyi yagabye ibitero byinshi kuri FDLR/FOCA n’impunzi z’abahutu mu burasirazuba bwa RD Congo mbere na nyuma y’uko FOCA zivuka inakoresha n’imitwe yitwara gisirikare yo muri RD Congo nka RCD, CNDP, Mayi Mayi KIFUAFUA, ariko biranga biba iby’ubusa FDLR/FOCA iranga ikomera ku muheto. Hagati aho nakwibutsa na none ko FDLR yongeye gutanga inda ya bukuru mu gushakira amahoro u Rwanda n’akarere, maze muri Werurwe 2005, i San EGIDIO, i ROMA ho mu Butaliyani itangariza amahanga ko yongeye kureka intambara y’amasasu ku nyungu za politiki. Uwo mugambi w’amahoro nawo FPR-Inkotanyi n’inshuti zayo byihutiye kuwuburizamo no kugaba ibitero simusiga kuri FDLR mu 2009 nka UMOJA WETU, KIMYA II, AMANI LEO, … n’ibindi by’imitwe yitwara gisirikare nka RAHIA MUTOMBOKI, M23, Mayi Mayi TCHEKA, …
Tariki ya 24 Gashyantare 2013 Addis-Abeba muri Etiyopiya, abakuru b’ibihugu n’abaguverinoma mu nama yabahuje bafashe imyanzuro igamije amahoro, umutekano n’ubufatanye kuri RD Congo no mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Hemezwa ko kugirango umutekano n’amahoro arambye bigaruke mu burasirazuba bwa RD Congo no mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, imitwe yitwara gisirikare uhereye kuri M23 na FDLR igomba kuraswa igaseswa ku ngufu niba itemeye gushyira intwaro hasi ikayoboka inzira ya politiki inyuze mu mishyikirano.
M23 ishyigikiwe n’u Rwanda yanze kubahiriza icyo cyemezo iraraswa, iraseswa kuberako n’ubundi yari ibereyeho u Rwanda mu guhiga no kwica impunzi z’abahutu b’abanyarwanda ngo zitazataha nk’uko FPR-Inkotanyi yatashye. Kubera ko FDLR yari yarifuje kuva kera ko ikibazo cy’u Rwanda ndetse n’icy’akarere k’ibiyaga bigari by’Afurika, cyane icyo mu burasirazuba bwa RD Congo cyakemuka binyuze mu nzira y’imishyikirano n’ibiganiro bitaziguye hagati ya guverinoma y’i Kigali na FDLR ku bireba u Rwanda.
FDLR yakiriye icyo cyemezo bitavuze ko ari uko inaniwe cyangwa yishyize mu maboko y’umwanzi maze tariki ya 30 UKUBOZA 2013 itangaza ku mugaragaro ko iretse intambara y’amasasu, iyobotse, intambara ya politiki, icyo cyemezo ikigaragariza amahanga mu bikorwa kuwa 30 GICURASI 2014. Ubu ibintu bikaba byarimo bigenda neza, gusa ikibazo ni uko LONI ishaka kubisubiza irudubi yanga gukemura ikibazo ikizi nk’uko yagikemuye muri KAMARAMPAKA yo muri NZERI 1961.
None rero nk’uko muri iki gihe bigaragara ko amahanga n’ibihugu by’akarere byahagurukiye kugarura umutekano mu karere cyane mu burasirazuba bwa RD Congo, nk’uko kandi bigaragara ko ikibazo cy’u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda, ABAHUTU n’ABATUTSI. Uko ubutegetsi bwagiye busimburana ari ukwikubira ubutegetsi, bashaka gucira impunzi zabo ishyanga, bazibuza uburenganzira bwazo, … Inda nini igasumba ubwenge, kuko nyuma y’amoko haza akarere, idini, agasozi yewe bikagera n’aho urugo rusubiranamo; bityo buri wese agakora ashaka kwigizayo uwo bicaranye yikwizaho indonke n’ibyiza by’igihugu wenyine. Ibyo byose rero birasabako abanyarwanda baba ABAHUTU cyangwa ABATUTSI, aho bari hose kureka amacenga n’uburyarya bakareba ejo heza hazaza h’ababakomokaho maze bakicarana bakaganira nta kubeshyana kuko icyo bapfa bose bakizi ari UGUHEZANYA k’ubutegetsi n’ibyiza by’igihugu.
Nkuko rero ikibazo cy’u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda kimaze kugaragara nk’umuti wacyo turasaba : LONI, amahanga, ibihugu by’akarere, n’iby’inshuti z’u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda, imiryango y’ibihugu by’akarere nka SADC, … imiryango mpuzamahanga n’iy’akarere itagira aho ibogamiye, gushyigikira byimazeyeyo UMUGAMBI W’AMAHORO ARAMBYE WA FDLR wo kurangiza intambara y’amasasu hakoreshejwe inzira ya politiki; habaye imishyikirano n’ibiganiro bitaziguye na Kigali ndetse n’andi mashyaka atavuga rumwe na KIGALI, nk’uko byakozwe muri RDC cyangwa Zaïre : Mubutu – Mzee KABILA – CNDP Nkunda; muri TCHAD, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, i Burundi hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi; muri Afurika y’epfo, hagati y’abazungu n’abirabura cyangwa nk’uko amahanga n’ibihugu birimo kubikora muri SANTARAFURIKA,.… Se , muri SIRIYA, Géologie/ Ukraine abarobeli baho ni abatagatifu, ngo ni uko bahagarikiwe n’ingwe? Kubera ko ariyo nzira yonyine yo kurangiza ibibazo ku isi birimo icy’impunzi cyabaye urudaca mu Rwanda. Biratangaje kandi birababaje, iyo amahanga yifata cyangwa agakemura ukundi ikibazo kiri hagati ya Leta ya Kagame na FDLR ndetse na opozisiyo yose, bityo icyemezo cya LONI cyo kuwa 26 KANAMA 2014 cyo gushyira mu bikorwa iraswa rya FDLR gikwiye gusubirwamo hagakurikizwa inzira ya politiki iganisha ku biganiro bitaziguye hagati ya Kigali n’abatavuga rumwe nayo. Bitaba ibyo imivu y’amaraso y’inzirakarengane igakomeza gutemba muri RD Congo no mu RWANDA.
Nkuko uyu mugani w’umunyafurika uvuga ngo « Là où deux éléphants se battent se sont les herbes qui empatissent » bivugako aho hose hashozwa intambara ababa bagamije inyungu zabo bwite batikiza abaturage b’inzirakarengane batazifitemo uruhare. Amen!
HABIMANA YVES Analyste AMANI
