Yanditswe na Arnold Gakuba
Kuri uyu wa 1 Gashyantare 2022, “EABW News Report” iratangaza ko DR Congo ibonye inzira nziza yo kwinjira mu Muryanyo w’Afrika y’Ibirasirazuba (EAC), kuva umupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda wari umaze imyaka itatu ufunze guhera 2019 wafungurwa.
Kuva umupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda wafungwa muri Gashyantare 2019, DR Congo nayo nta bwinyagamburiro yari ifite n’ubwo yememerewe kwinjira muri EAC, ibintu bishobora kuba bigiye kugenda neza, ubwo umupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda ufunguwe.
Twibutse ko ibihugu bigize EAC ubu ari DR Congo, Burundi, Kenya, South Sudan, na Tanzania.ibyo bihugu kandi byashyize umukono ku masezerano y’isoko rimwe rya EAC rishyira imbere kwishyira ukizana kw’ibintu, abantu, imirimo na serivisi mu Karere.
DR Congo yinjiye muri EAC ifite isoko rinini rigizwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni 90. N’ubwo hashyizweho isoko rimwe rya EAC, abacuruzi bo mu muryango barinubira ko bataraba umuntu umwe, bagitandukanijwe n’ubwenegihugu (umunyakenya, umuganda, umutanzaniya, umunyarwanda). Ibyo ngo bikaba ari inzitizi ikomeye kandi ituma ubucuruzi butagenda neza uko byagakwiye.
Bimwe mu byatumye u Rwanda na Uganda bishyigikira ko DR Congo yinjira muri EAC, kwari uguhatanira kugirango bibone amahirwe yo kwinjira mu bucuruzi bwo mu burasirazuba bw’icyo gihugu. Ku banyarwanda bamwe, birabababaza kubona ibicuruzwa biva muri Uganda byambukiranya igihugu cyabo bikerekeza i Goma, kandi inganda zo mu Rwanda arizo ziri hafi.
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru “The Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC)” kibitangaza, mu mwaka wa 2019, u Rwanda rwohereje muri DR Congo ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gasaga miliyoni 370 z’amadolari, mu gihe Uganda yo yoherejeyo ibirenzeho miliyoni 230 z’amadolari. Bityo rero, gufunga umupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda byagize ingaruka ku mpande zombi.
Uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa bwari bumeze neza bwarahagaze. Gufunga imipaka y’ibihugu byombi bidakora ku nyanja byagize ingaruka nyinshi ku bukungu bw’akarere. Imodoka nyinshi zatwaraga abantu n’ibintu mu Rwanda zimaze imyaka itatu ziparitse Kampala. Ibyo byatumye kandi abagurishaga ibicuruzwa bya Kampala bashaka andi masoko, amenshi akaba yari ahenze ku ngendo.
Inganda za Uganda zahungabanijwe cyane no kubura isoko ry’u Rwanda. Muri 2018, Uganda yohereje mu Rwanda ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyini 200 z’amadolari, muri 2020 nta cyoherejweyo naho muri 2019, u Rwanda rwohereje muri Uganda ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 60 z’amadolari. Ibyo byatumye abashoramari bikorera ku giti cyabo bashakisha ibindi bishya bashoramo imari.
Muri icyo gihe, ubucuruzi bwari ubwa mbere mu kwinjiza imisoro. Ariko nyuma y’icyorezo cya Kovidi-19, ishilingi ribona umugabo rigasuba undi. U Rwanda na Uganda byari bifite inyungu nyinshi zo gukorera hamwe mu bucuruzi aho kurebana ay’ingwe ku mipaka. Ibyishimo byabaye byinshi rero, ubwo u Rwanda rwatangazaga ko rugiye gufungura umupaka wa Gatuna.
Twibutse ko ibyo byabaye nyuma y’uko perezida Museveni yohereza umuhungu we Lt. Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba i Kigali kujya kuvugana na perezida Paul Kagame w’u Rwanda. Nta watsinze ku mpande zombi rero, abatsinze ni abaturage bifuzaga cyane gusubira mu bucuruzi no kongera gusubirana n’abavandimwe n’inshuti.
Abanyakenya nabo bararuhutse. Inzira y’Amajyaruguru niyo ya bugufi igera muri DR Congo. Vuba aha, Equity Group yateguye ubutumwa bw’ubucuruzi hagamijwe gukurura ishoramari rya Kenya muri Kinshasa, Lubumbashi, Goma, na Mbuji Mayi.
Mu rwego rwo kwinjiza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, mu Gushyingo k’umwaka ushize wa 2021, intumwa zaturutse ku cyambu cya Tanzaniya zari i Katanga, mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa DR Congo, agace k’ihuriro ry’amabuye y’agaciro gakungahaye cyane muri iki gihugu. Guhangana k’u Rwanda na Uganda byabaye ikibazo gikomeye ku karere, n’ubwo nta cyizere ko bitazongera kubaho ukundi.
Ku bw’iyo mpamvu, abashoramari basabwa gushishoza cyane. Birasaba ko bahindura uburyo bw’imikorere muri EAC. Ku bw’ibyo, Pearl Dairy Farms Limited ikorera muri Uganda iracyahangayikishijwe n’itungurana riba mu bucuruzi bw’Abanyakenya ndetse n’u Rwanda n’ubwo hari amasezerano y’isoko rusange.
Ku rundi ruhande, isoko rya DR Congo ni rinini. Ntibyoroshye kumva ko hari igihugu kimwe cyahaza ibikenewe muri DR Congo, dore ko noneho n’inyeshyamba zazanaga umutekano muke mu burasirazuba bw’icyo gihugu zahagurukiwe. Iki ni ingenzi cyane mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Hagati muri Mutarama 2022, Minisitiri w’Intebe wungirije wa DR Congo, akaba na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Christophe Lutundula Apala Pen’Apala, yavuze ko igihugu cye gifite abaturage benshi bagize isoko rinini kuri EAC. Yavuze kandi ko DR Congo nayo ikeneye cyane abashoramari, bityo ikaba ishishikariza ba rwiyemezamirimo bifuza gushora imari muri icyo gihugu. Icyakora, Pen’Apala yavuze ko DR Congo igifite ibibazo by’umutekano mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu ko ariko guverinoma ya Kinshasa ishishikajwe no gukemura icyo kibazo ifatanije na EAC.
Gufungura umupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda ni uburyo bumwe bwo gutabara ubukungu bwazahaye. Bizafasha cyane mu gushora imari muri DR Congo ndetse b’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari rya EAC. Aho gutesha agaciro ibicuruzwa bya buri wese mu karere, ubu EAC izashobora guhangana n’ubucuruzi bw’Afrika y’Amajyepfo.
Nk’uko UNCTAD ibivuga, 71% by’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga muri Afrika biva muri Afrika y’Epfo na Zambiya binyuze mu masezerano ya SADC, muri rusange, kandi Tanzaniya nayo ni umunyamuryango. UNCTAD n’ayo ivuga ko ubucuruzi bwa DR n’ibihugu byinshi by’Afrika birimo Burkina Faso, Madagasikari, Nijeriya, Etiyopiya, Benin, na Zimbabwe bihenze kuruta ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bitari iby’Afrika nk’Uburusiya, Ubusuwisi, Ubwongereza, Burezili, Ubuhinde, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, Ubutaliyani n’Ubushinwa.
Guharanira kubona isoko rya DR Congo, bigomba gutuma EAC ifata ibyemezo kuko abashoramari bose atariko babishoboye. Ihangana ku isoko rya EAC ryagombye kongerwamo imbaraga, hakorwa ibicuruzwa bizahangana n’ibindi ku isoko. Guteza imbere ubukungu muri EAC bisaba ko hitabwa kubyo abaturage bakeneye. Ubwiza n’ibiciro nibyo bizabafasha guhitamo ibicuruzwa.
