Turagushimira muvandimwe Eugène SHIMAMUNGU kubera ko wagaragaje rwose ishyaka n’ubushake ufite byo kubona Ikinyarwanda cyandikwa neza. Turagushimira kandi kuba warashimye Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco ugaragaza ko hari ibyo yakoze mu mabwiriza nawe wari utegereje. Impungunge wagize ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe na zo zirumvikana kuko zishobora kugirwa na buri wese cyane iyo asanga imyandikire ikwiriye gushingira ku isesengura ry’amagambo no ku nkomoko yayo. Ibi ariko byatera impungenge na none kubera ko abantu bose bandika si ko bose bahugukiwe n’uburyo bwo gusesengura. Ikindi ni uko n’uwaba abihugukiwe akajya abanza gusesengura ijambo akabona kumenya uko aryandika byaba ari akazi kagoranye. Byaba rero birushijeho gukomerera abatarize iyigandimi ry’Ikinyarwanda.
Dukurikije impungenge wagaragaje, twaguha ibisobanuro bikurikira:
1. Kuvanaho ibihekane « nc », « ncw » (ingingo ya 10, 13)
Ibi bihekane ntabwo bishingiye ku iyigamvugo ahubwo bishingiye ku iyigantego. Ni ukuvuga ko uvuga amenya niba ari bukoreshe nc cyangwa nsh ari uko abanje gusesengura ijambo (i-n-cuti), akamenya ko igicumbi cy’ijambo (-cuti) gitangirwa na c, na ho mu ijambo inshishi (i-n-shishi) kigatangirwa na sh.
Nyamara uvuze incuti undi akavuga inshuti ntibihindura igisobanuro cy’iryo jambo. Iyi migirire inyuranye n’ihame ry’igeruramajwi ndetse n’ihame ry’iyoroshyamategeko mu myandikire, kuko uwandika bimusaba kubanza gukora isesengurajambo kugira ngo amenye niba ari bwandike neza, kandi ubwo bumenyi atari buri wese ubufite.
Kuba ibi bihekane “nc” na “ncw” bitaboneka muri ruriya rutonde byatewe n’uko mu iyigandimi, iyo inturike nkubyi zibanjirijwe n’inyamazuru, inturike t, p, ziratakara. Mu rwego rwo koroshya imyandikire, hakoreshwa ibimenyetso nsh mu mwanya wa nc; nshw mu mwanya wa ncw; nshy mu mwanya wa ncy;ns mu mwanya wa nts; na mf mu mwanya wa mpf.
Aha rero twakumara impungenge ko kuba igihekane nts kizajya cyandikwa gusa n’igihekane nsbidahindura inshinga “gutsinda” ngo ihinduke “gusinda” nk’uko wabigaragaje. Binabaye “gusinda ibitego” mu gihe bibaye byinshi bigatera ibyishimo byinshi, bizasobanuka hakurikijwe uburyo interuro iteye. Bityo n’ikivugwa gihite cyumvikana.
2. Ikibazo gituruka ku kuvanaho igihekane “cy” imbere ya “e” na “i” (Ingingo ya 12).
Amabwiriza y’imyandikire agamije kunoza no guhuza imyandiko. Ibyo bikaba bituma habaho imyandikire imwe, kuko gutandukanya ki na cyi bishingiye ku iyigantego. Kwandika ushingiye ku iyigantego bigora abandika batari abahanga mu isesengura ry’amagambo.
Kubera ko k imbere y’inyajwi e na i ikora kimwe na cy icyaba kiza ni ugukoresha ibimenyetso bikeya no guhuza uburyo bw’imyandikire. Kuba twanditse mu bumwe Ikibabi k’igiti ntibibuza ko mu bwinshi twandika Ibibabi by’ibiti.
Ibi dusobanuye aha ni na byo bireba imyandikire ya “jy” imbere ya “e” na “i” kuko gutandukanya gi na jyina byo bishingiye ku iyigantego.
3. Imyandikire ya gihanga
Wanenze ko muri aya mabwiriza bakomeza kubwira abandika gukoresha akamenyetso k’agatemeri mu kwandika isaku nyejuru aho gukoresha ikimenyetso cy’agasharu (‘). Aka kamenyetso uvuga abateguye aya mabwiriza barakazi. Ariko ibitekerezo by’impuguke n’amabwiriza yariho mbere y’iri byemeje aka kamenyetso k’agatemeri, kandi kugeza ubu na ko kaboneka ku nyajwi zose z’Ikinyarwanda ziboneka muri mudasobwa.
4. Inshinga mburabuzi ni.
Ibyo wavuze kuri iyi nshinga ahubwo bivanga ibintu bibiri bidafitanye isano. Ni igaragara mu gutegeka no mu kuziganya ntabwo ari imwe na ni y’inshinga nk’uko ubikeka. Izi ni zombi zifite inshoza zitandukanye. Ku ntegeko no ku nziganyo ni ni akano nk’uko nawe usanzwe ubizi, ntaho gahuriye n’iriya nshinga mburabuzi ni. Iyo ni y’integeko n’inziganyo iyo witegereje neza usanga ari akaremajambo k’indango k’inshinga biri kumwe, mu gihe ni y’inshinga mburabuzi yo ubwayo ifite inshoza muri yo.
5. Ibinyazina ndangahantu ho, yo, mo (mwo) n’akaremajambo ko byandikwa bifatanye n’inshinga nk’uko byari bisanzwe kuko ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko nta kibazo bitera. Akajambo ko gahuza inyangino ko gatandukana n’izo nyangingo .
6. Impakanyi nta
Kwandika iyi mpakanyi ifatanye n’inshinga iyikurikiye ntibikwiye kugutera impungenge kuko ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bandikaga mu buryo butandukanye iyi mpakanyi iyo ikurikiwe n’inshinga itondaguye. Mu buryo bwo koroshya imyandikire, ni byiza ko yandikwa ifatanye n’inshinga iyikurikiye kimwe n’utundi turemajambo duhakana nka nti– cyangwa si-. Ingero: Ntabareshya, ntabaje.
Yakurikirwa n’ubundi bwoko bw’ijambo ikandikwa itandukanye na ryo kuko iryo jambo riba rifite imiterere izwi ndetse rimwe na rimwe hagati y’iryo jambo na nta hari ubwo ushobora gushyiramo irindi. Ingero: nta gikuba cyacitse, nta wundi mwana uhari, nta cyo tubuze, nta zo nshaka.
Ibihekane “mf” na “mv” ni ibintu bimenyerewe mu myandikire y’ikinyarwanda. Inyamenyo “n” ihinduka inyaminwa “m” iyo ikurikiwe n’indi nyaminwa. Bityo “nf” ihinduka mf naho “nv” igahinduka mv.
Ku mpungenge wagize ku ngingo ya 44 n’iya 45 uvuga ko zivuguruzanya, aya mabwiriza ahubwo araguhumuriza. Avuga ko n’uwagira ingorane zo guhita amenyera kuyakoresha byibura nyuma y’imyaka ibiri azaba amaze kuyamenyera.
Bikorewe i Kigali ku wa 5 Ugushyingo 2014.
Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco
