TWIBUKE KU NSHURO YA 23 JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU BWUBAHANE

Kuri uyu munsi taliki ya 7 Mata 2017, u Rwanda n’amahanga baribuka ku nshuro ya 23, jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bari batuye mu Rwanda mu mwaka w’1994. Muri uwo mwaka, u Rwanda rwari rutuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni indwi n’igice. Abasaga miliyoni barishwe muri jenoside, biganjemo Abatutsi ariko kandi harimo n’Abahutu ndetse n’abanyamahanga bari baramaganye ku mugaragaro ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana cyangwa se bagerageje guhisha no kurengera Abatutsi bari bibasiwe.

Iyi jenoside yabaye hashize imyaka hafi itatu n’igice ingabo z’u Rwanda z’icyo gihe zirwana n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zavugaga ko zigamije kubaka igihugu kigendera ku mategeko no gucyura impunzi z’Abatutsi bari barameneshejwe mu mvururu zaranzwe n’ubwicanyi n’inkongi mu bihe bya revolisiyo yo 1959 na Repulika ya 1 n’iya 2.

Amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha (Tanzaniya) yari yashyizweho umukono n’impande zombi zarwanaga muri Kanama 1993, amasezerano yateganyaga gushyiraho guverinoma y’inzibacyuho ihuriweho n’amashyaka menshi kandi irimo n’abahagarariye FPR-Inkotanyi no kuvanga ingabo, ntabwo yubahirijwe kuko buri ruhande rwari rufite inyota yo kwikubira ubutegetsi.

Iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana na mugenzi we Ntaryamira w’u Burundi ku wa gatatu tariki ya 6 Mata 1994 mu saa mbiri z’ijoro, ubwo indege yari ibavanye mu nama i Dar es Salaam muri Tanzaniya yaraswaga, ryakomye imbarutso ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Kuva muri iryo joro, agatsiko k’intagondwa z’Abahutu zirimo abasirikare bakuru n’abanyapolitiki bari mu cyiswe ‘Hutu Power’, gafatanyije n’imitwe y’urubyiruko rw’amashyaka ya MRND na CDR (Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi), katangije jenoside y’Abatutsi bazira gusa ko ari Abatutsi, ngo ni ibyitso by’Inkotanyi zishaka kumara Abahutu. Aka gatsiko kishe kandi Abahutu kakekaga ko bashobora kubangamira umugambi wako mubisha ; kanashishikarije Abahutu muri rusange guhiga Abatutsi. Ibi byatumye umubare munini w’Abahutu witabira ubwicanyi.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yitabiriwe cyane kandi igahitana abantu benshi mu gihe gito. Umubare w’abazize jenoside watangajwe muri 2002 na Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu y’u Rwanda ni 1.074.017. Iyo usesenguye uyu mubare, usanga buri munsi haricwaga abantu ibihumbi cumi na magana arindwi na mirongo ine (10.740). Imibare yavuye mu Nkiko Gacaca yerekana ko ibyaha byahamye abantu miliyoni imwe n‘ibihumbi magana atandatu mirongo irindwi n’umunani na magana atandatu na mirongo irindwi na babiri (1.678.672) kuri miliyoni 3.400.000 bari bujuje imyaka y’ubukure muri 1994, ni ukuvuga abari barengeje imyaka 18. Nubwo iyi mibare itafatwa nk’ihame kuko hagikenewe gukorwa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bukozwe n’impuguke zidafite aho zibogamiye kandi mu bwisanzure, nta Munyarwanda ushyira mu gaciro wari mu Rwanda muri 1994 wahakana ko habayeho ubwitabire bukabije bwo guhiga no kwica Abatutsi mu mezi 3 yakurikiye iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana.

Muri Nyakanga 1994, Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zatsinze urugamba, zimenesha ingabo z’u Rwanda na Leta y’Abatabazi yari yagiyeho kuva ku ya 09 Mata 1994, jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi ihagarara ityo.  Abahutu bagera kuri miliyoni ebyiri bahunze ingabo z’Inkotanyi, bajya mu bihugu bituranyi. Bamwe bahunze ubwicanyi bw’izi ngabo, abandi bahatirwa guhunga n’ingabo za Leta y’u Rwanda na guverinoma y’Abatabazi, babizezaga ko bagiye kwisuganya ngo bagaruke kumaraho Inkotanyi n’ibyitso byazo.

Impuguke zivuga ko abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’izi mpunzi bagarutse mu Rwanda, abenshi bagacyurwa ku ngufu n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi mu ntambara ya 1 n’iya 2 ya Kongo-Kinshasa (Zayire y’icyo gihe). Impunzi z’Abahutu zisaga ibihumbi magana abiri zarishwe nk’uko bivugwa muri raporo yiswe “Rapport du Projet Mapping concernant les violations les plus graves des droits de l’homme et du droit international humanitaire commises entre mars 1993 et juin 2003 sur le territoire de la République démocratique du Congo » yasohotse muri Kanama 2010.

Ese kwibuka byakorwa bite ?

Kwibuka jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ni ukwibuka mbere na mbere abo yahitanye, ni uguhumuriza no gufata mu mugongo abacitse ku icumu bibuka ababo bishwe kiriya gihe n’inzira y’umusaraba banyuzemo. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yakoranywe ubugome ndengakamere : nko kubatwikira mu nzu ari bazima, kubajugunya mu misarani ari bazima, kubaca ingingo zimwe na zimwe z’umubiri bakabasigaho ngo bazapfe buhoro buhoro, kubicisha imipanga n’impiri zikwikiyemo imisumari, kubicisha inzara n’inyota kugera banogotse, kubaroha mu migezi no mu biyaga baziritse amaboko n’amaguru, gucuza intumbi no kuzisiga ku gasozi zambaye ubusa ngo zizarimbwe n’imbwa, gufata ku ngufu abari n’abategarugori bashinyagurirwa bibi, kwica nabi abana b’ibitambambuga imitwe igahondwa ku nkuta n’andi mahano y’agahoma munwa. Ubu bugome ndengakamere bwakorwaga akenshi n’abaturanyi b’abicwaga. Ubugome, urwango n’inzigo bingana gutya, ntabwo byarangira abantu baticaye ngo basase inzobe bavuge ukuri kose ku byabaye.

Ku italiki ya 7 Mata ndetse n’iya 6 Mata, Abanyarwanda benshi batuye hanze y’u Rwanda, by’umwihariko abatuye mu Bubiligi, bakunze kwibaza impamvu batibukira hamwe Abanyarwanda bose b’inzirakarengane bishwe, baba barazize jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi cyangwa ubundi bwicanyi bwabaye mu Rwanda cyangwa muri Kongo-Kinshasa butarahabwa inyito n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha, ndashaka kuvuga inkiko mpuzamahanga. Ibi byongeye kugarukwaho mu nyandiko yanyuze ku rubuga, „Umunyamakuru.com“, mu mpera z’ukwezi gushize, ifite umutwe „ Rwanda/Jenoside : Bamwe bazibuka bose, abandi bibuke bamwe. Uburyo „Kwibuka“ bikorwa mu Bubiligi biratanga sura ki, somo rihe?“ 

Icyo nifuza kuvuga kuri iyi ngingo ni uko „ijoro ribara uwariraye“. Igikorwa cyo kwibuka abishwe muri jenoside cyangwa mu bundi bwicanyi butarahabwa inyito n’inzego zibifitiye ububasha, kireba mbere na mbere abiciwe. Aba nibo bakwiye kugena uko bifuza kwibuka ababo bishwe, italiki bashaka kubibukiraho n’aho bashaka kubibukira. Abakiriho mu miryango yiciwe ni bo bakwiye guhabwa urubuga mu kugena gahunda yo kunamira ababo. Bashobora guhitamo kubikora ku giti cyabo mu miryango yabo cyangwa gushinga  ishyirahamwe bahuriyemo nk’abantu basangiye amateka y’ubwicanyi bakorewe, bagategurira hamwe igikorwa cyo kwibuka no kunamira ababo uko babyifuza.

Ntabwo ari Leta y’u Rwanda cyangwa amashyaka ya politiki atavuga rumwe na yo bakwiye gufata iya mbere mu gutegura ibikorwa byo kwibuka no kugena uko bigomba gukorwa. Iyo bigenze gutyo, habaho guha isura ya politiki igikorwa cyo kwibuka, ugasanga igihe cy’icyunamo gihindutse umwanya wo kwivuga ibigwi bya politiki, wo kugoreka amateka no gutanga ubutumwa bugamije guhangana n’abo mutavuga rumwe.

Ningombwa ko abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bahabwa ubwisanzure bwo gutegura gahunda y’icyunamo bibukamo ababo kandi bakagitumiramo abo bumva ko babafata mu mugongo. Ningombwa ko abacitse ku icumu ry’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abahutu na bo bahabwa ubwisanzure bwo gutegura gahunda y’icyunamo bibukamo ababo kandi bakagitumiramo abo bumva ko baje kubafata mu mugongo. Buri Munyarwanda wiciwe akwiye kugira ubwisanzure mu kwibuka abe bishwe, agatumira muri uwo muhango abo yumva ko bakwiye kumufata mu mugongo no kumuba hafi. Akagena niba uwo muhango ufunguye ku bantu bose babyifuza cyagwa se utumiwemo gusa abo yahisemo.

Leta y’u Rwanda kimwe n’amashyaka ya politiki atavuga rumwe na yo icyo agomba gukora ni ugushyiraho ingamba zifasha abiciwe bose kugira urubuga rwo kwibuka ababo bishwe mu bwisanzure kandi bigakorwa ku buryo buboneye, budahungabanya umutekano cyangwa ngo buhembre urwango n‘amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda. Bafatanyije n’abiciwe bose, bakagena imirongo migari y’uko ibikorwa byo kwibuka bikwiye kugenda.

Kwibukira hamwe no kwibuka bose si ugukomatanya imihango yo kwibuka no kunamira inzirakarengane zishwe mu bihe bitandukanye, zishwe n’abantu batandukanye, ziciwe ahantu hatandukanye kandi zizira impamvu zitandukanye. Kwibukira hamwe no kwibuka bose ni ukwibuka abishwe bose ariko bose mu gihe cyabo. Bishatse kuvuga ko mu gihe Abahutu bibuka ku italiki ya 6 Mata ubwicanyi bwakorewe ababo (ni urugero), Abatutsi babishoboye bakwitabira uwo muhango igihe utabaheza kandi bakubahiriza gahunda y’abawuteguye. Mu gihe Abatutsi bibuka ku italiki ya 7 Mata jenoside yabakorewe, Abahutu babishoboye kandi badahejwe muri uwo muhango bakajya kubatabara no kubafata mu mugongo.

Iyo muntu yibuka uwe wapfuye, aramuvuga, akibutsa ibyaranze ubuzima bwe, ibyo yakundaga, ibyo yangaga, uko yapfuye, abana yasize, umugabo cg umugore yasize, umurage yasize, ubutabera kuri we no ku be, n’ibindi yakundaga. Bishatse kuvuga ko umugenera umwanya we, ukamwibuka koko, ukamuvuga uko bikwiye. Reka mfate urugero rwa vuba aha ubwo twibukaga nyakwigendera Colonel Patrick Karegeya; twamwibutse turi hamwe Abahutu n’Abatutsi, ariko muri uwo muhango ni we wenyine twavuze : twakoze misa yo kumusabira, twateze matwi ubuhamya bw’umwana we, twumvise ubuhamya bw’abo mu ishyaka rye n‘ubw’inshuti ze. None se Colonel Patrick Karegeya, niwe wenyine wishwe mu ishyaka rye? Oya. Ariko uriya munsi wari wagenewe kumwibuka.

N’ibindi rero ni uko byagakwiye gukorwa. Ubwicanyi twifuza ko bwibukwa bufite ababukoze, igihe babukoreye, uko bwagenze n’abagize amahirwe yo kuburokoka. Habura iki ngo buri bwose bwibukirwe ku italiki ifite aho ihuriye nabwo kandi ngo icyo gikorwa gitegurwe n’abo bwakorewe, muri cadre bifuza.

Reka nsoze iyi nyandiko mvuga ko nta Munyarwanda ukwiriye guhatirwa kwibukana n’uwo atibonamo cyangwa yumva badahuje intimba. Nta n’ukwiye guterwa ipfunwe no guhezwa mu muhango runaka wo kwibuka. Icyangombwa ni ubwubahane, mu gihe utatumiwe mu gikorwa cyo kwibuka ukirinda kuvundira no kugutobera abagiteguye. Ibi kandi birasanzwe mu muco nyarwanda, iyo umuntu apfushije uwe abikira abavandimwe n’inshuti yibonamo, yumva ko bamufata mu mugongo.

Mu gusoza iyi nyandiko, mbatuye indirimbo y’umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo „ Ijoro ribara uwariraye“ :

KABALISA Pacifique

Umuyobozi w’Ikigo giharanira gukumira ibyaha byibasira inyoko-muntu.

(Centre pour la Prévention des Crimes contre l’Humanité)

Le 7/4/2017