Imishyikirano y’ibihugu by’iburayi izwi nka conférence de Berlin (kuva ku ya 15 Ugushingo 1884 kugera tariki ya 28 Gashyantare 1885) yari yatumijwe n’igihangange cy’icyo gihe Otto Von Bismarck (reba ifoto). Niwe wari chancellier cyangwa ministiri w’intebe w’ubudage. Muri iyo mishyikirano yamaze amezi atatu n’igice abanyaburayi bagabanye Afurika nk’abagabana umihigo, bategura gahunda yo kuyikoroniza. U Rwanda n’ u Burundi ndetse n’igihugu cyitwaga Tanganika (cyaje kuba Tanzaniya kimaze kwihuza n’ikirwa cya Zanzibar) byagizwe itako ry’umutware Bismarck arabyegukana. Ndetse yegukanye ibindi bihugu bitatu aribyo Togo, Namibiya na Cameroun.
Uburyo imipaka yakaswe icyo gihe byari bishingiye ahanini ku makuru abashakashatsi bazwi nka explorateurs bari barabashije kumenya, ubundi hakarebwa ibisiza n’imisozi, inyanja, imigezi n’inzuzi. Ibyo bumvaga byaba nk’imipaka ya karemano cyangwa frontières naturelles. Ni muri urwo rwego ikiyaga cya Kivu cyakaswemo umupaka w’u Rwanda na Kongo, Akagera kaba umupaka w’u Rwanda na Tanganika naho Akanyaru kaba umupaka w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi. Ubudage bwumvaga bunyuzwe no kugenzura igihugu kivuye ku nyanja y’abahinde kugera ku kiyaga cya kivu harimo n’ikiyaga cya Tanganika ndetse n’icya Victoria. Itako ry’umutware nyine.
Ikintu abantu batazi cyane nuko muri iyo mishyikirano ya Berlin Ubufumbira bwari bwashyizwe mu Rwanda. Ni ukuvuga igice kinini ubu kiri muBugande cyari icy’u Rwanda. Ndetse umwami Rwabugiri yagiraga urugo ahitwa i Mabungo mu Bufumbira. Abongereza bari bahawe gukoroniza ubugande barebye ibirunga bagira ikintu cy’ishyari, bumva barabishaka. Biza kuba ngombwa kwegera Abadage babasaba ko umupaka wimurwa kugirango nabo bagere ku birunga.
Aha rero habaye ubugambanyi bukomeye. Abadage babwiye abongereza bati : reka tubahe Ubufumbira ariko namwe muraturekera ikirwa cyo muri Mer du Nord cyitwa Heligoland. Abongereza baje kubyemera icyo kirwa bakirekera abadage (ubundi bahoraga bahanganye buri gihugu kivuga ko icyo kirwa ari icyacyo). Amasezerano yo guha ubwongereza akarere ka Bufumbira yabaye muw’1911.
Igihangange Kagame niba abishoboye azagaruze Ubufumbira bwahoze ari ubwacu cyangwa se bamuhe ikirwa cya Heligoland muri Mer du Nord. Nduzi rero hari impamvu zihagije zo kwihanangiriza ubudage dore ko nabwo bwadushyize ku bihano ndetse bikakaye kurusha iby’ububiligi. Wasanga kandi mu Bufumbira haba naho hariyo amabuye y’agaciro ndetse na peteroli.
Mbere yo gusoza nagirango nibutse ko icyo kibazo cy’imipaka cyafatiwe umwanzuro ukomeye ubwo ibihugu by’Afurika byashingaga umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika mu w’1963. Ibyo bihugu byasanze ikibazo cy’imipaka yashyizweho n’abakoloni kiramutse cyongeye gusuzumwa buri gihugu kigashaka gusubirana imipaka cyaba cyarambuwe intambara zaba urudaca amaherezo Afurika ikaba umuyonga. Hafashwe rero icyemezo cy’,uko imipaka abakoloni basize ariyo izakomeza kubahirizwa. Biri mu nyandiko ifite uburemere cyane bise charte de l’OUA. Iyo nyandiko ifatwa nk’itegeko mpuzamahanga. Ngayo nguko.
Umunyarwanda
