Nyuma y’inyandiko yasohotse mu kinyamakuru Kigali Today ivuga ko ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibarurishamibare (NISR) cyatangaje ko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwazamutse ku gipimo cya 9,4% ku ijana mu mwaka wa 2011/12. Kugira ngo dushobore gusobanukirwa neza ibijyanye n’ibyo byatangajwe twifashishije impuguke mu by’ubukungu Bwana Peter Urayeneza. Twamubajije ibibazo bitandukanye bijyanye n’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda.
Mushobora gusobanurira muri make abasomyi b’urubuga The Rwandan uburyo n’ibipimo bikoreshwa mu kubara uburyo ubukungu bwifashe?
Mu byukuri ubukungu bw’igihugu bupimwa hagendewe ku bigereranyo byinshi ariko muri make byose ugasanga bikubiye mu byiciro bitatu:
a. Ibipimo bishingiye ku musaruro (Indicateurs de productions)
b. Ibipimo bishingiye ku mutungo cyangwa ubukire bw’abenegihugu baba aba imbere mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yacyo (Indicateurs de revenus et de richesse)
c. Ibipimo bishingiye ku mari
Ibi bipimo iyo ubashije kubireba neza ndetse ukanabihuza, biguha isura cyangwa uko ubukungu bw’igihugu runaka buhagaze, niba gikize cyangwa gikennye, niba ifaranga ryacyo rihagaze neza, ndetse n’ibindi…
Dukurikije imibare yatangajwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibarurishamibare ngo ubukungu bwazamutse ku gipimo cya 9,4% ku ijana mu mwaka wa 2011/12. nk’impuguke mu by’ubukungu murabona iyi mibare itangwa ifite ishingiro?
Ku bwange ntabwo mbona ko nakwemera iri janisha ryatangajwe kubera ko mu by’ukuri ntabwo détails zitangwa . Nkuko nabivuze hejuru, biragaragara ko bakoresheje approche ya mbere. Bikaba byari no kuba byiza iyo bavuga bati umusaruro mu gihugu wariyongereye ku kigero iki n’iki aho kuvuga ngo ubukungu bwariyongereye ku kigero cya 9.4%. Ibi rero byakumvikana neza aho abantu babasha gutandukanya ikitwa ubukungu ndetse n’umusaruro.
Ifaranga ry’u Rwanda rikomeje guta agaciro ugereranije n’idolari, ibiciro kw’isoko biriyongera, abaturage baragenda batakaza ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibiciro biri kw’isoko. Ese ibi mubona biterwa n’iki mu gihe Leta igaragaza ko ubukungu bwazamutse mu nzego zose?
Ahangaha ubajije ikibazo cyiza cyane kandi cyari bunabe indi nzira yo kubafasha namwe kwibaza ku ijanisha ryatanzwe (9.4%) ryerekana ubwiyongere bw’umutungo. Ubundi hagati yo kwiyongera k’umusaruro ndetse n’agaciro cy’ifaranga bifitanye isano rinini cyane. Iyo umusaruro ari mwinshi kandi mwiza imbere mu gihugu, n’ifaranga ry’icyo gihugu ntabwo rikunze guta agaciro kenshi kandi buri gihe. Ariko ubu ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ririmo guta agaciro cyane, kubera ko ibikenerwa (la demande) ni byinshi cyane ku buryo bidahuye na gato n’ibishobora kuboneka (l’offre) kubera ko umusaruro (production) imbere mu gihugu umusaruro ari muke ugereranyije n’abawukeneye, ibitumizwa mu mahanga nabyo bihenze (ibi bikaba byagaragara umuntu abonye balance commercial y’U Rwanda byanashoboka akareba balance de payements kugirango ishusho y’ubucuruzi U Rwanda rugirana n’amahanga igaragare neza. Ikindi kandi na none cyatwongerera kugira amakenga kuri iriya pourcentage yatanzwe, ni uko ubu niba hari ubwiyongere bw’ubukungu bungana kuriya, nibura hakagombye kuba habaho ubugabanyuke bw’abadafite akazi (taux de chômage) mu Rwanda. Ubu ngirango ubushomeri mu Rwanda ni ikibazo cyabaye umurage kubana bakiri bato bakirangiza amashuri yabo. Kuko ireme ry’uburezi ryaratakaye kandi Leta ishishikazwa no gusohora abarangije amashuri benshi ititaye ku bumenyi bahabwa ndetse n’isoko ry’akazi dufite mu gihugu.
Kubera ikibazo cy’intambara kiri mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, ibihugu byahaga imfashanyo u Rwanda byafashe icyemezo cyo kuba bihagaritse izo mfashanyo kubera icyegeranyo cy’impuguke za ONU gishinja Leta y’u Rwanda gufasha inyeshyamba za M23. Ese ihagarikwa ry’izo mfashanyo rishobora kugira ingaruka zihe ku bukungu bw’u Rwanda mu gihe gito (à court terme) cyangwa mu gihe kirekire (à long terme)?
Ingaruka zo zirahari kandi ni nyinshi cyane kuko u Rwanda rwahabwaga amafaranga akanyura mu ngengo y’imari yarwo. Mu gihe gito rero, nk’aho izi mfashanyo zafashaga cyane cyane ku mafaranga Leta ikoresha mu bikorwa bya buri munsi (budget de fonctionnement) hari byinshi bizadindira. Ikindi nk’aho izo mfashanyo zafashaga ku ngengo y’imali y’ibikorwa by’iterambere (budget de développement) ni ukuvuga ko hari byinshi byari bitegenyijwe kuzagerwaho mu gihe kirekire bizaba bitakigezweho. Iri dindira rero ry’imishinga y’amajyambere mu gihe kirekire rifite ingaruka zikomeye ku gihugu. Muri izo twavuga nk’ubushomeri, ingaruka ku masoko y’ibintu kubera ibura ry’ibikorwa-remezo by’ibanze (infrastructures de bases), ndetse n’ibindi.
Ese u Rwanda rushobora kwihagararaho mu by’ubukungu nta mfashanyo z’amahanga? Niba rwabishobora rwakwihagararaho mu gihe kingana iki?
Ibi ntabwo bishoboka ko U Rwanda rwakwihagararaho na gato. Usibye n’U Rwanda na za Kenya, Ouganda, Tanzania, ndetse n’ibindi bihugu bifite ubukungu bukomeye kuruta U Rwanda biracyakeneye ziriya mfashanyo. Icyo tugomba kuzirikana ni uko u Rwanda ari igihugu gito, kikaba nta mutungo mwinshi kamere gifite kandi kikaba kidakora ku nyanja n’imwe. Izo nzitizi eshatu nizo zitwereka ko U Rwanda rutakwihagararaho.
Hari ikigega cyagiyeho kiswe Agaciro Development Fund. Ese icyo kigega gifite ubushobozi bwo kuziba icyuho cyaterwa no kubura inkunga z’amahanga? Ese imiterere yacyo ubwacyo mubona yakemura ibibazo by’ubukene abanyarwanda bafite cyangwa byakwiyongera?
Aha mubajije ikibazo cyiza cyane ariko na none kikaba cyatera no kubaza ikindi kibazo. Ahubwo se Imfashanyo zatanzwe ndetse n’izizatangwa byaba bizafasha kuvana abanayrwanda burundu mu bukene? Hewe unasubije inyuma amaso, ubu imyaka 50 irashize U Rwanda ruhabwa izo mfashanyo ariko ntabwo ubukene bwashize mu banyarwanda muri rusange. Kuri izi ngingo rero njyewe mbona AgDF itazabasha kuziba icyuho ry’ibura ry’imfashanyo kuko abanyarwanda ubwabo barakennye. Kandi abenshi mu bitwa ko batanga amafaranga mu AgDF bahembwa imishahara ivuye muri za mfashanyo zatangiye guhagarikwa.
Kuva ku ya 21 kugeza ku ya 22 Nzeli 2012, mu mujyi wa Boston muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika habereye igikorwa cyiswe Rwanda Day. Kuri mwe mubona mu rwego rw’ubukungu icyo gikorwa cyaratanze umusaruro? Aha ndavuga ugereranyije uburyo bw’amafaranga bwakoreshejwe n’inyungu zavuye cyangwa zizava muri icyo gikorwa?
Aha ntabwo nakwemeza ngo iki kigikorwa cyatanze umusaruro cyangwa igihombo. Ibi byakwemezwa hifashishijwe amafaranga yaba yaratanzwe ndetse n’ibyavuye muri icyo gikorwa. Ariko ikigaragara cyo ni uko iyo urebye igihugu nk’u Rwanda gikoreshereza iminsi mikuru mu bihugu bikize aho kubera mu gihugu imbere n’abanyarwanda bakabigiramo uruhare kandi bakabizamo ari benshi, ibi byaterwa kwibazwaho mu mafaranga menshi yahagendeye mu gihugu kiri gufatirwa ingamba zikarishye ku byerekeranye n’imfashanyo rwabonaga.
Ikinyamakuru Financial Times cyo mu Bwongereza cyanditse inkuru ivuga uburyo ishyaka rya FPR riri mu mashyaka ya mbere akize ku isi. Ese mu rwego rw’ubukungu hari ingaruka byagize, bigira, cyangwa bizagira ku Rwanda nk’igihugu mu gihe tuzi ko iryo shyaka riri ku butegetsi kuva mu 1994?
Mu byukri ni byiza ko ishyaka iryo ari ryo ryose ryagira ingufu mu kwihaza mu buryo bw’amafaranga ryaba rikeneye igihe cyose. Ariko noneho tugarutse ku bya FPR, kuri njyewe mbona byararenze ibyo ishyaka ryakagombye kugira. Ingaruka rero ribirimo ni izihe? Iyo umutwe wa politiki uri ku butegetsi kandi ukaba unakora ubucuruzi mu bintu byinshi bigize ubukungu rusange bw’igihugu, ntabwo ubwo bukungu buba bwisanzuweho na buri wese (économie libéralisée), ikindi kandi ntabwo ubwo bukungu busangirwa na bose ku buryo bungana. Ibi bintu bibiri ndakeka n’ U Rwanda ruyobowe na FPR rwamaze gukandagira muri izi nzego ebyiri mvuze haruguru.
Gahunda yo guhinga igihingwa kimwe no guhingira hamwe mu guhuza ubutaka, gusarurira hamwe n’ibindi…kuri mwe mubona hari icyo byagabanya cyangwa byakongera ku bukungu bw’igihugu?
Iyi politiki yo guhuza ubutaka no guhingira hamwe yageza igihugu kuri byinshi. Ariko na none hakibazwa ikibazo kivuga ngo ni gute ubutaka bwahurizwa hamwe mu gihe tuziko ubu mu Rwanda muri munyarwanda afite ubutaka buto cyane? Ese Leta birayisaba iki kugirango ihurize hamwe ubutaka bw’abaturage? Mpereye kuri iki kibazo cya nyuma, Leta irasabwa gutuza abaturage hamwe kandi bakahajya bahasanga ibyangombwa b’ibanze bifite ishingiro kandi biruta ibyo bari basangamwe mu miturire yabo ya buri munsi. Aka karusho mu miturire bizatuma abanyarwanda babona akamaro ko gutura mu midugudu kandi ikanabaha uruhare mu kwihitiramo ibyo bahinga bigendanye n’ibiri mu muco w’ibyo barya ndetse bakanasagurira amasoko.
Mu gusoza wabwira iki abasomyi b’urubuga The Rwandan ukurikije uko ubona ubukungu bw’u Rwanda hakorwa iki?
Icyo nageza ku basomyi b’ikinyamakuru the Rwandan, ni uko ubu ubukungu bw’u Rwanda n’ubwo bavuga ko buhagaze neza, Atari byo kuko ubwabo n’ubwo bavuga ko buhari nk’uko byerekanywe mu mibare hejuru, iyo witegereje neza usanga Atari ubukungu busangiwe na bose kandi hose.
Murakoze.
