Ihirima ry’Ingoma z’igitugu rirashoboka n’iyo zaba ziringiye Igisirikari giteye ubwoba

Ihirima ry’Ingoma z’igitugu rirashoboka n’iyo zaba ziringiye Igisirikari giteye ubwoba , ibitwaro byinshi cyane kandi bikaze, Inzego  z’ubutasi zikaze kandi nyinshi, n’Ibifaranga byinshi by’Ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, ndetse n’ubucuti bukomeye mu nzego n’ibihugu by’amahanga.

Mbanje kuramutsa abali busome iyi nyandiko mwese, ngira nti Mugire ibyiza Imana igenera abayo kandi mukunde abanyu mushaka icyateza bose imbere kandi mwirinda ivangura iryo ariryo ryose.

Muli aka kanya gato tubonye nifuje kubaganirira ku byabaye ku Ngoma yazanywe na Revolisiyo ikomeye cyane yabayeho mu Burusiya yari irangajwe imbere n’uwitwa Vladmir Uliyanovi waje kumenyekana ku kazina ka Lenine. Iyo Ngoma y’igitugu n’iterabwoba yabayeho hagati y’umwaka w’1917 kugeza mu w’1989, ubwo irangira ryayo ryagaragariye cyane mu isenyuka ry’Urukuta rwa Berlini rwagabanyagamu kabaili Ubudage, Uburayi ndetse n’Isi yose. Ibyo bihe byahise bishyira n’iherezo ku cyari kizwi nk’intamabara y’ubutita, hagati y’ibihangange bibili alibyo Uburusiya (URSS) na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika. Aha nituvuga Uburusiya turaba tuvuga mu by’ukuli Repubulika zunze ubumwe z’abasoviyeti, zari zirimo n’igihugu cy’uburusiya nyirizina.

Mu mwaka wa 1961, habayeho igisa no kugabanyamo uburayi n’isi kabili ubwo hubakwaga icyaje kwitwa Urukuta rwa Berlini. Abo mu Budage bw’uburasirazuba bageragezaga kurira urwo rukuta ngo bajye mu budage bw’uburengerazuba kwishakira ubuzima baricwaga ku bwinshi, kubera abasilikali b’abadage b’icyo gihugu n’abasilikali b’abarusiya (URSS) na Services za maneko z’abarusiya zari zibumbiye mu cyitwaga KGB. Ubwo niho intambara bita iy’ubutita yagaragaye ku buryo budasubirwaho no ku batari baziko iliho, maze isi isigara isa n’igabanyijemo ibice bibili : abari ku ruhande rw’abarusiya n’abari ku ruhande rw’abanyamerika, tutirengagije ko hali ibihugu bimwe byiyitaga intabogama aliko mu by’ukuli nabyo bifite aho byegamiye mu buryo bw’ibanga n’imibereho yabyo.

Tugarutse ku burusiya rero :

Kuva mu myaka ya 1917 mbese ku ntsinzi ya Vladmir Oulianov (bamwe bitaga Lénine) mu cyo bise Révolution Bolschévique, abarusiya bashyizwe ku ngoyi y’ubwoba n’iterabwoba no kwicwa no kubaho uko badashaka, ku buryo nta n’uwatinyukaga gukopfora, ibyo bikomeza na nyuma ya Lénine (staline, krutchev, etc.). Kandi ubwo igishekeje ni uko Lenine mu ntambara ye no mu ntsinzi ye yavugaga ndetse yavugwaga nk’uwabohoye rubanda rwari rwaramazwe n’ubutegetsi bubi bw’aba Tsar (abami b’Uburusiya bari bamaze igihe kinini cyane). Ni uko Iyo Ngoma iza izanye udushya twinshi mu myambarire, mu myubakire, mu myigishirize (harimo no guhuzagurika bikabije, programu zihindagurwa uko bwije uko bukeye, uburyo bwo kwigisha buhindagurwa uko abafashe igihugu bahumetse cyangwa se barose mu nzoz)i, Imbyino reka sinakubwira, ibyo byose bitwikiriwe ikinyoma no kwerekana ko ibyiza byatashye mu barusiya, aliko iterabwoba ali ryose kuko hakorwaga icyo abambari b’ingoma bashaka gusa nta kindi. Kwica byabaye nk’agakino ku butegetsi, kabone n’iyo uwo budashaka yabagab ahungiye hehe, ambassade z’igihugu zisigara zisa n’aho zishinzwe guhiga no guhotora abanyagihugu n’inshuti zabo aho bali hose keretse uwemeye kugendera mu kigare cy’ubuyobozi bwariho akagambanira abe n’abatari abe ngo arebe ko yaramuka kabiri. Icyo gi système cyagize imbaraga ziteye ubwoba ku buryo bensho bumvaga ko kidashobora no kuzavaho nubwo abazi kwitegereza bo babonaga ko ihirima ryacyo rishoboka cyane, aliko ntihagire ulisohora mu kanwa. Ubwo rubanda ihebera urwaje.

Mu mwaka w’1989 Uburusiya bwari bufite ibicurisho by’ibitwaro bya kirimbuzi bigera ku bihumbi icumi (10 000 tetes nucléaires) ndetse na Amerika  ifite 10 000 ugereranyije. Ibyo bitwaro byari bihagije kuba byasenya isi dutuyeho inshuro nyinshi aliko kubicura ntibyahagaze, n’ubu za IRAN na Koreya ya Ruguru bari kubishaka. Ubwo rero murumva ko nta muntu wari gutinyuka kuvuga ngo agiye guhirika iyo ngoma y’abarusiya ku ngufu za gisilikali ngo azabone umushyigikira, ahubwo abantu bali kumwita n’umusazi. Turetse n’igislikali no kwiyemeza kuyirwanya ngo urazana demukarasi n’uburenganzira cyangwa se ubwisanzure bw’abanyamakuru byari ikizira kuko byari nko kwihanduza icumu. None se byagenze bite ko ubu ibintu byahindutse?

Mu by’ukuli byo byose ntibyabujije ko mu gushyingo 1989 (nyuma y’imyaka 28) Rwa Rukuta rwa Berlin ruhirima by’intangarugero kandi mu buryo budasubirwaho, yewe bitanaturutse no ya systemes zo mu Burasirazuba cyane, hejuru y’ibyo bitwaro, n’ingabo zitagira uko zingana, n’inzego z’ubutasi zikaze cyane kandi nyinshi cyane, n’ibifaranga binayanyagizwa hirya no hino mu kwica no guhotora abagerageza kuvuga ibikwiye, no gukura umutima ab’indani n’abahungiye hanze, n’ababashatse b’abanyamahanga. Byagize bitya haza inkubiri yo gushira ubwoba maze iza nk’iya Gatera ni uko icyari ubutita gihinduka amazi abira, noneho rwa Rukuta no hasi ngo ba! Bose babireba, abaturage bahagurutsebasaze baciye ibintu, abumirwa barumirwa! Abandi bati Nta gahora gahanze koko, kandi nta no gutinya gutera intambwe n’iyo byasaba gusenya Urukuta ruremereye cyane.

Reka turebe uko imbere mu butegetsi bwa Moscou (umurwa mukuru w’Uburusiye-URSS wari warashyizweho na Lenine agifata ubutegetsi), byari byifashe hagti aho?

Muli Système imbere naho rero ibintu ntibyari byifashe neza cyane nk’uko abantu babyibazaga mu bwoba bwinshi bari bifitiye. Indani mu nda y’Ingoma naho bombori-bombori yari yaratangiye aliko bitavugwa, impinduka itutumba, abantu bose babona ko bili hafi, aliko akoba ali kose bakaruca bakaryumaho nk’abatabibona. Abatabyemera nabo byari nko kwihagararaho by’abaryi batinya kunamuka ku mbehe.

Muli icyo cyuka rero, Abategetsi ba Moscou bari baranogeje umugambi wize neza wo kubuza urwo rukuta guhirima no gucubya iyo nkubiri yo kuva mu bitotsi no mu kinya kw’abaturage na bamwe mu babahagarariye mu karere kose k’ibihugu by’uburasirazuba bw’uburayi. Iyo strategie yo kubicubya si iyindi yari iyo kwica nibura abantu igihumbi (1000 people), noneho abari mu bwoba no mu kinya bagasinzirira ko bakagwa igihumura bakava mu byo barimo byo gutuma ibintu bihinduka bikaba byiza. KGB yari yarabyize neza isanga hishwe abantu igihumbi ibintu byahita bituza abantu bagaceceka ako kanya. Kandi n’imyiteguro yo gutunganya iyo gahunda yari yararangiye. KGB yatanze inama n’impamvu ivuga iti abapfuye bose, aka gahumbi kamwe gatwaye iki, aliko ibintu bikaguma mu buryo? (maze nawe uti iki!)

Kwica abantu igihumbi kandi ntibyari ikibazo ku butegetsi bwari bumaze kwica abasaga miliyoni makumyabili n’eshanu z’abantu (25 000 000) kuli iyo ngoma y’aba sovieti yazanywe na Lenine wiyitaga Liberateur cyangwa umucunguzi wa rubanda rwari rugiye gushirira mu kaga n’agahinda muli revolisiyo yayoboye bikanamuhira agashyikira intsinzi muli 1917 (ba giti mu jisho ntibanyumve nabi, nivugiye Vladmir Oulianov a.k.a. Lenine, nta undi mvuze). Uwo mubare wari uteye ubwoba ku buryo umwe mu bakoranye n’iyo ngoma watinyutse kubikomozaho amaze kwitandukanya n’iyo Leta, Bwana Soljenitzyne wahoze ali umusilikali muli Armée Rouge, hose bamuteye utwatsi ngo arahimba arabeshya, ngo nibajya kubeshya ntibagakabye, ngo bajye bavuga icyo bapfuye n’ingoma bakoreye bareke guhimbira les libérateurs, n’ibindi n’ibindi…, nyamara, nyuma byaje kugaragara ko byari impamo.

Aliko ngo burya agatera amapfa gatera n’ibihahishwa, kandi umwanzi aca akobo Imana ica akanzu, mu bategetsi b’abarusiya, halimo abari baratangiye kutemera iyo miyoborere barimo cyane cyane umugabo IAKOVLEV wari ideologue wa perestroyika, mbese yari mu bakomeye kuli ideoloji cyangwa se ingengabitekerezo ya perestrouyika. Uroye uyu mugabo Iakovlov na bagenzi be nibo badukanye iyo ngengabitekerezo y’icyaje kwitwa PERESTROIKA, ni ukuvuga kugorora imyubakire (defaut de construction ya système) cyangwa se kongera kubaka cg se kubaka bundi bushya hagamije gushakira rubanda ibyiza.

Uko byari byifashe muli icyo gihe rero, Iakovlev hamwe n’wari Ministre w’Ububanyi n’amahanga Bwana Chevarnadze bari impirimbanyi za réformes bashaka ko iterabwoba rirangira ibintu bigahinduka, mu gihe Uwali Chef wa KGB Bwana Krioutchkov ashyigikiwe cyane na Ministre wa Defense aliwe Yazov, bo bari intanyeganyezwa mu butagondwa bwabo bwo gukomeza systeme uko ili mu bikorwa byayo no mu nzira zayo z’iterabwoba. Naho Gorbatchev yari ahagaze nk’umusifuzi cyangwa se nk’Umwunzi muli uko guhangana kw’ibyo bice byombi.

Dore amagambo Iakovlov yabwiye Gorbatchev mu kwezi kwa cumi (Ukwakira 1989):  “Niduhitamo gukoresha ingufu nk’uko KGB ibivuga turaba duhindutse Ingaruzwamuheto za KGB n’inzego z’Igisilikali maze baturagire uko bashaka. Kandi ibi nubyemera, karaba kabaye icyitwa réforme cyose twariho dushaka ko cyabaho muli URSS kiraba gihambwe na burundu, hanyuma kandi ntibizarangirira aho kuko nyuma tuzahita tujugunywa tuvanwe ku butegetsi nabi cyane“.

Gorbatchev yabuze icyo yafata n’icyo yareka kuko bitari bimworoheye na gato kuyobora système iremereye gutyo kandi ifite amateka maremare no mu bihe yabonaga ko impinduka ishobora kuza nta kabuza. Byaramugoraga kugira uwo ashyigikira n’uwo atera umugongo kuko we yali umuntu wumva bose banyurwa, aliko Imana yamuremye yari yaramwihereye Umugore udasanzwe witwa RaÏssa. Nguyu uwo abarusiya, abadage n’abandi bakesha gutabarwa, nguyu uwo isi ikesha kuba iliho uko ilho gutya muli iki gihe cyanyuma ya guerre froide, nguyu uwashyize akadomo kuli guerre froide, akoresheje imbaraga ahabwa no kuba umugore na influence positive yagize ku mugabo we. Bikaba byaratumye Gorbacevu ubu ku isi afatwa nk’igihangange kidasanzwe kubera ibyo yakoze byo kurangiza burundu ya Ngoma yari imaze imyaka myinshi cyane no kubohora byinshi na benshi, no gutuma uburusiya bushobora gutangira gutekereza ku buryo bw’iterambere rya nyaryo.

Gorbatchev yumvaga umugore we cyane akanamugisha inama aho rukomeye no mu bya Politique icyo yamubwiraga ntiyongeraga gutekereza ukundi. RaÏssa rero yasaranye umugabo we aramwemeza neza neza, maze Gorbatchev ahita afata icyemezo cya kigabo ahitamo gushyigikira tendance ya Iyakovlev yo kutica abaturage. Ni uko amateka y’isi ahinduka atyo. Cya gi systeme cy’ibibaraga n’ibigufu byinshi n’terabwoba rikaze, n’amaboko y’inshuti nyinshi mu gihugu no mu mahanga, kirangira gityo, Nyuma yahogato abaturage bose barahagurutse banagisenyana rwa rukuta mu Gushyingo 1989, ali nabwo rwahirimye nta nkurikizi.

Bamara, Prosper

Vice-Perezida w’Umutekano

Ishyaka PRM/MRP-ABASANGIZI