Yanditswe na Arnold Gakuba
Ngeze Hassan, umuyobozi w’ikinyamakuru kizwi cyane “Kangura”, amaze 2/3 by’igifungo yakatiwe ibyo bikaba bituma ashobora gufungurwa by’agateganyo nk’uko byemewe n’amategeko. Mu gihe abandi bafunzwe barekuwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha ku Rwanda (IRMCT) batitabaje guverinoma y’u Rwanda kugirango barekurwe, Ngeze Hassan we yandikiye Minisitiri w’ubutabera w’u Rwanda amusaba ko yarekurwa by’agateganyo, nk’aho yari yiteze ko abategetsi b’u Rwanda bazabyakira neza. Ese ni izihe mpamvu zateye uyu munyamakuru kwifashisha Leta y’u Rwanda ngo imusabire ko yarekurwa? Ese aho ntiyaba yari ikirumira habiri kuva kera nk’uko ababikurikiranira hafi babyemeza?
Ishusho ya Ngeze Hassan
Hassan Ngeze, yavutse ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1957, ni umunyamakuru w’u Rwanda wahamwe n’ibyaha by’intambara uzwi cyane mu gukwirakwiza poropagande yo kurwanya abatutsi n’abahutu batavugaga rumwe na Leta y’icyo gihe abinyujije mu kinyamakuru cye “Kangura” yashinze mu 1990.
Ngeze Hassan azwi cyane mu gutangaza “Amategeko icumi (10) y’Abahutu” muri Kangura mu Kuboza 1990.
Ngeze Hassan yaba yagaragaye ukubiri: ku ruhande rumwe, nk’umunyamakuru wabibye urwango ku rundi ruhande, yaba yari umukozi wa FPR rwihishwa wari ugamije kongera uburakari bw’ubutegetsi bw’Abahutu hagamijwe kugirango bunanirwe kurinda abaturage ku buryo bigaragarira umuryango mpuzamahanga, maze FPR ibone uko ihirika ubutegetsi bwariho icyo gihe.
Ngeze Hassan: Ingabo y’Abahutu
Ngeze yari umwanditsi Mukuru w’ikinyamakuru cyasohokaga kabiri mu kwezi “Kangura“, kibaha cyarashizwe hagamije gukoma mu nkokora ikinyamakuru cyitwaga “Kanguka“.
M’Ukuboza 1990, Ngeze yasohoye Amategeko cumi y’Abahutu mu Kinyamakuru “Kangura”, avuga amagambo asebya Abatutsi muri rusange ndetse n’abagore b’Abatutsi ku buryo by’umwihariko. Yifashishije Amategeko cumi y’Abahutu, Ngeze Hassan yashimangiye ko atari abanyarwanda kavukire bivuga ko abatutsi bari abanyamahanga, bityo bakaba batagomba kuba mu gihugu cyiganjemo Abahutu).
Ngeze Hassan: Umukozi wa FPR
Mbere yo gushinga “Kangura”, bivugwa ko Ngeze Hassan yari umunyamakuru wa “Kanguka”, ikinyamakuru cy’abarwanyaga ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana cyari kiyobowe na Rwabukwisi Vincent wari uzwi ku izina rya RAVI; uyu akaba yarasohoye inyandiko zishyigikira abatutsi kandi ahamagarira abatutsi guhagurukira kurwanya ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana. Rwabukwisi Vincent yari kandi umukozi wa SODEVI (isosiyete yari ifitwe n’umucuruzi w’umututsi Valens Kajeguhakwa). Kajeguhakwa uyu yaje guhungira muri Uganda igihe FPR yari itangiye imirwano aherekejwe na Pasteur Bizimungu icyo gihe wari umuyobozi mukuru wa Electrogaz waje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu masezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha kandi agakora imirimo y’umukuru w’igihugu kuva 1994 kugeza mu 2000.
Igitangaje rero, ni impinduka zabaye zitunguranye ku buryo uwahoze avugira abatutsi abinyujije mu Kinyamakuru “Kanguka” yabaye umwanzi wabo ashyiraho ikinyamakuru gishyigikiye abahutu kitwa “Kangura” cyahamagariye Abahutu kumenya umwanzi wabo ndetse kigatangaza inkuru n’amategeko y’Abahutu aganisha ku macakubiri ashingiye ku moko.
Abasesenguzi benshi babona ko uyu munyamakuru ashobora kuba yarahawe inshingano, rwihishwa, na FPR ndetse ahabwa n’ubutumwa bwo kwamamaza ubuhezanguni bushingiye ku moko no kuroha abayobozi b’Abahutu bamubonaga nk’umunyamakuru ufite imbaraga zashyigikira iki kibazo, nyamara bari bataramenya ingaruka iyo politiki muri diplomasi mpuzamahanga, bityo bikaba byarahaye ishingiro ibikorwa bya FPR byo kurwanya ubwo butegetsi. Ni muri urwo rwego kandi, hari abasirikare ba FPR binjiye mu mutwe w’Interahamwe rwihishwa kugirango batize umurego ubwicanyi hagamijwe kugirango Leta ya Habyarimana ikurweho icyizere n’amahanga maze bihe ingufu FPR, kandi niko byageze.
Amakuru aturuka ahantu hizewe avuga ko Ngeze Hassan yagiye muri Uganda kubonana n’abayobozi bakuru ba RPA, aho bamuhaye inyandiko z’ibanga zarimo uko azashyira mu bikorwa gahunda ye kandi ko yari afite n’imbunda mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko ku buryo umuyobozi w’ubutasi bwa gisirikare w’icyo gihe, Colonel Nsengiyumva Anatole amaze kumenya neza uwo ariwe, yahisemo kumuta muri yombi kugirango abazwe ibyo yari arimo; nyamara ntiyigeze akurikiranwa kuko izindi nzego zo hejuru zabujije ko Ngeze afatwa.
Ihunga, ifatwa n’ifungwa rya Ngeze Hassan
Muri Nyakanga 1994, Ngeze Hassan yahunze u Rwanda ubwo igihugu cyafatwaga na FPR. Yafatiwe i Mombasa muri Kenya ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1997, ajyanwa Arusha muri Tanazaniya ku Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha Rwashyireweho u Rwanda (ICTR). Muri 2003 yakatiwe gufungwa burundu.
Mu 2007, Urugereko rw’Ubujurire rwa ICTR rwatesheje agaciro bimwe mu byo yahamije, ariko rwemeza abindi. Yagabanyirijwe igifungo cya burundu kugeza ku myaka 35. Ibirego by’ubufatanyacyaha muri jenoside muri perefegitura ya Gisenyi; gukangurira mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame gukora jenoside binyuze mu gutangaza ingingo mu kinyamakuru cye Kangura muri 1994; ubufatanyacyaha muri nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu muri perefegitura ya Gisenyi byaremejwe. Ku ya 3 Ukuboza 2008, yoherejwe muri Mali kugira ngo arangirizeyo igifungo yakatiwe.
Ngeze Hassan mu mahina
Nyuma yo kurangiza 2/3 by’igihano cye, nk’uko abyemererwa n’amategeko, Ngeze Hassan yagejeje icyifuzo cye cyo gufungurwa akarangiriza igihano cye hanze ya gereza kuri Ministre w’ubutabera w’u Rwanda abicishije mu nyandiko
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda akenshi yashyamiranye na ICTR kubera gutinda kw’imanza zayo ndetse no ku byemezo bimwe na bimwe byo gufungura abantu nka Mugenzi Justin, wahoze ari perezida wa PL; Protais Zigiranyirazo wahoze ari perefe wa Ruhengeri na muramu wa Habyarimana; Prosper Mugiraneza na Andre Ntagerura bahoze ari abaminisitiri tutavuze n’abandi benshi. Ngeze Hassan yitabaje Leta ya Kigali mu gusaba ko yafungurwa by’agateganyo.
Niba koko Ngeze Hassan nta sano yari afitanye na FPR mu gihe cy’intambara, guverinoma y’u Rwanda izirengagiza ubusabe bwe bise nk’aho itabonye iyo baruwa cyangwa yange icyifuzo cye ku mugaragaro ibinyujije mu nyandiko, dore ko batigeze yemera igihano yahawe kubera uburemere bw’ibyabaye yaregwaga. Kwemera icyifuzo cye byaba ari nk’agashinyaguro. Niba Ngeze Hassan yari umukozi wa FPR Kandi wagize uruhare rukomeye mu nyungu zayo za politiki, guverinoma y’u Rwanda ishobora kwemera no guha umugisha icyifuzo cye nta kindi ikivuzeho. Mureke twigege ikizavamo.
Umwanzuro
Umwanya umunyamakuru uzwi cyane Ngeze Hassan afite muri politike usa nk’aho utavugwaho rumwe mu nzego zose kuva yashyikiriza Minisitiri w’ubutabera w’u Rwanda icyifuzo cy’uko yarekurwa by’agateganyo. Mu by’ukuri, n’ubwo atigeze akurikirana amasomo y’ubunyamakuru kugira ngo akoreshe umwuga we nk’umunyamakuru, ntibyamubujije gukangurira Abahutu kwanga Abatutsi kurusha abandi banyamakuru. Kugeza ubu, abantu benshi ntibaramenya neza icyabimuteye kuko iyi politiki Yaba yarakoreshejwe ku buryo bubiri: gufasha abahutu kurwanya inyeshyamba z’abatutsi ku ruhande rumwe; ku rundi ruhande kandi gufasha kwangiza isura ya Leta ya Habyalimana bigafasha dipolomasi ya FPR imbere y’umuryango mpuzamahanga yaregaga ubutegetsi bwa Habyalimana politiki y’amacakubiri. Niba Ngeze Hassan yarimo asohoza ubutumwa bwa FPR, azafatwa nk’umunyamakuru mubi wakoreshejwe muri politiki, amateka y’u Rwanda atazigera yibagirwa.
