Human Rights Watch ishinja M23 ‘ifashwa n’u Rwanda’ gukora ubwicanyi bw’agahomamunwa

Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu Human Rights Watch (HRW) urashinja umutwe w’inyeshyamba wa M23 gukora ubwicanyi ku bantu bacyekwaho icyaha ukabica batabanje kugezwa mu bucamanza, ndetse no guhatira abasivile kwinjira muri uwo mutwe mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo.

Muri raporo yasohoye kuri uyu wa mbere, HRW inashinja M23 gufashwa n’u Rwanda – ikirego M23 yagiye ihakana. Mu mwaka ushize, umuvugizi wa gisirikare wa M23 Major Willy Ngoma yabwiye BBC Gahuzamiryango ko “nta n’urushinge” M23 ihabwa n’u Rwanda.

BBC yagerageje kuvugana n’umutwe wa M23 kuri ibi ushinjwa na HRW, ariko kugeza ubu ntibirashoboka.

Nta cyo leta y’u Rwanda yari yatangaza ku mugaragaro kuri iyi raporo nshya ya HRW irushinja gukorana na M23. Gusa mu gihe gishize, leta y’u Rwanda yahakanye gukorana n’uyu mutwe.

HRW isaba Amerika, umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (EU), Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza, n’ibindi bihugu, guhagarika ubufasha bwa gisirikare biha u Rwanda, mu gihe cyose rugifasha M23.

HRW isaba EU gukora ku buryo ubufasha bwa miliyoni 20 z’ama-Euro (miliyari 23Frw) mu 2022 yahaye ubutumwa bw’ingabo z’u Rwanda mu majyaruguru ya Mozambique, bugenzurwa neza kugira ngo EU itaba irimo kugira uruhare mu buryo buziguye mu bikorwa bya gisirikare by’ihohotera mu burasirazuba bwa DR Congo.

Muri iyi raporo kandi HRW ivuga ko igisirikare cya DR Congo (FARDC), mu guhangana n’ibitero bya M23, kirimo gukorana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishingiye ku moko yagiye irangwa no gukora ihohotera mu gihe cyashize.

HRW ishinja impande ziri mu mirwano kuba zirimo kurushaho gukoresha iturufu y’ubwoko, ibi bigashyira mu byago byinshi abaturage b’abasivile batuye mu duce twitaruye two mu ntara ya Kivu ya Ruguru.

Thomas Fessy, umushakashatsi mukuru wa HRW kuri DR Congo, yasubiwemo muri iyi raporo avuga ati: “Inyeshyamba za M23 zifashwa n’u Rwanda muri Kivu ya Ruguru aho zinyuze zirimo kurushaho gusiga zihakoze ibyaha byo mu ntambara.

“U Rwanda rukwiye guhagarika ubufasha bwa gisirikare kuri M23 naho abasirikare ba leta ya Congo bakwiye gushyira imbere kurinda abasivile no kureka gukoresha abarwanyi bo mu mitwe ikora ihohotera”.

HRW ivuga ko amaperereza yo mu gihe cya vuba aha gishize y’itsinda ry’inzobere kuri Congo z’umuryango w’abibumbye, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwa HRW ubwayo, bitanga ibimenyetso byinshi by’amafoto ndetse n’ibindi bimenyetso byuko u Rwanda rudaha gusa M23 ubufasha bwo mu rwego rw’ibikoresho n’imikorere, ahubwo ko abasirikare b’u Rwanda (RDF) baha umusanzu w’abasirikare b’inyunganizi cyangwa bakarwana bari kumwe na M23 imbere muri DR Congo.

Umuryango w’abibumbye (ONU) uvuga ko imirwano hagati ya FARDC, M23 n’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro imaze gutuma abantu barenga 520,000 bahunga bagata ingo zabo.

I Kishishe: ‘Guma mu nzu, nusohoka turakwica!”

HRW ivuga ko hagati yo mu kwezi kwa cumi mu 2022 n’ukwezi kwa mbere muri uyu mwaka wa 2023, yavuganye n’abantu yahuye na bo imbona nkubone n’abandi yavuganye na bo kuri telefone bose hamwe 48, bavuga ko barokotse n’abavuga ko babonye ihohoterwa, n’abo mu miryango y’abarikorewe, abategetsi b’aho byabereye, impirimbanyi, abakozi ba ONU, abakozi bo mu nzego z’umutekano, abo mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro, abanyamakuru, n’abahagarariye muri Congo ibihugu by’amahanga.

HRW isubiramo amagambo y’umugore w’imyaka 38 uvuga ko yari ari mu rugo i Kishishe muri teritwari (territoire) ya Rutshuru muri Kivu ya Ruguru, ubwo yari ari kumwe n’umugabo we hamwe n’abana babo batatu, ku itariki ya 29 y’ukwezi kwa cumi na kumwe mu 2022.

Uwo mugore yabwiye HRW ko itsinda ry’abarwanyi ba M23 bateye imigeri urugi rw’inzu bararufungura, ati: “Batwaye ku ngufu umugabo wanjye n’umuhungu wacu babajyana hanze, barambwira ngo ‘Guma mu nzu, nusohoka turakwica!”

Yongeyeho ati: “Rero nabakingiraniye hanze. Babarasiye mu ntambwe nkeya [uvuye ku muryango], nashoboraga kubabona ndebeye mu mwenge [wo mu rugi]”.

HRW ivuga ko uwo mugabo yakomeretse bikomeye ariko ararokoka, naho umuhungu wabo w’imyaka 25 we yarapfuye.

HRW ivuga ko yasanze ko ku itariki ya 29 y’ukwezi kwa cumi na kumwe mu 2022, i Kishishe, inyeshyamba za M23 zishe abasivile nibura 22 bacyekwaho icyaha, zibica zitabanje kubageza mu bucamanza, nyuma yuko zirwanye n’amatsinda y’inyeshyamba za Mai-Mai Mazembe, Nyatura n’inyeshyamba za FDLR zirwanya ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda.

HRW ivuga ko yabonye amakuru yo kwizerwa avuga ko M23 nyuma yaho yishe abandi basivile nibura 10 ubwo yashakishaga abarwanyi bo muri izo nyeshyamba.

Muri raporo yayo, HRW inavuga ko izindi raporo za ONU n’abandi, zanzuye ko abarwanyi ba M23 bashobora kuba barishe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko abandi bantu benshi, barimo n’abarwanyi bafashwe.

Mu 2022, M23 yahakanye ibikubiye muri raporo y’ubutumwa bwa ONU bwo kubungabunga amahoro muri DR Congo, MONUSCO, bwavuze ko iperereza ry’ibanze ryakorewe hafi y’uduce twa Kishishe na Bambo muri Rutshuru rigaragaza ko abasivile bagera ku 131 bishwe na M23 muri utwo duce ikoresheje “amasasu n’intwaro gakondo”.

Mu itangazo M23 yasohoye icyo gihe nyuma y’iyo raporo ya MONUSCO, yavuze ko “yumijwe” no kuba umuryango ukomeye nka ONU ukora “akazi nabi”, ivuga ko rero ihakanye ibiri muri iryo perereza ivuga ko ribogamiye kuri leta ya DR Congo n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ifatanyije na yo.

M23 yasabye ko hakorwa amaperereza yigenga akozwe n’abantu b’inyangamugayo kandi badafite uruhande babogamiyeho.

Mbere, umutwe wa M23 na bwo wari wahakanye ubwicanyi bw’i Kishishe. Wavuze ko abishwe ari abarwanyi b’inyeshyamba zabateye muri ako gace n’abasivile umunani, utanga amazina yabo mu itangazo uyu mutwe wasohoye.

Muri raporo yayo, HRW inavuga ko abatutsi b’abasivile babarirwa mu magana b’i Kitchanga muri Kivu ya Ruguru n’abo mu byaro bihegereye, akenshi babonwa n’abo mu yandi moko nk’abashyigikiye M23 iyobowe n’abatutsi, bahunze kubera kugira ubwoba ko bakwibasirwa n’imitwe irimo gukoresha imvugo igenda irushaho kurangwa no kubibasira no kubashyira ku nkeke.

HRW isubiramo amagambo y’umutegetsi w’umututsi wo muri teritwari ya Masisi, utifuje gutangazwa izina kubera impamvu z’umutekano we, agira ati:

“Uko inyeshyamba za M23 zirushaho kugaba ibitero n’uko zirushaho gutera intambwe, ni ko turushaho gutotezwa n’andi moko avuga ko dufitanye isano na zo”.

HRW isaba abategetsi ba DR Congo gukora iperereza no kugeza mu nkiko mu buryo bukwiye abacyekwaho ibyaha byo mu ntambara, harimo n’urugomo rushingiye ku bwoko no kwihimura ku batutsi.

HRW inasaba za leta z’ibihugu kugumishaho ibihano ku bakuru (komanda) ba M23 no kongera urutonde rwabo rukajyaho ba komanda n’abategetsi bo mu karere bafite uruhare mu bikorwa by’ihohotera rikomeye.

Fessy, wa mushakashatsi mukuru kuri DR Congo wa HRW, ati: “Ubufasha bwa leta y’u Rwanda ku nyeshyamba za M23 zikora ihohotera burimo gutera guhangayika ko habaho urundi rugomo rushingiye ku bwoko mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.

“Kotsa igitutu cyinshi cyane kw’amahanga kuracyenewe byihutirwa kugira ngo u Rwanda na Congo bifate ingamba zose za ngombwa zo guhagarika ihohotera no gutuma habaho kurinda amoko yugarijwe”.

BBC