Impuruza ku kibazo cy’inzara n’imibereho mibi byugarije Abanyarwanda

Muri iki gihe abaturage bo mu Rwanda bugarijwe n’ikibazo cy’inzara yabaye karande ikaba ibahejeje mu mibereho mibi. Muri rusange ubuzima bw’abanyarwanda bwifashe bute? Impamvu ni iyihe? Umuti ni uwuhe?

1. Imibereho y’Abanyarwanda ubu yifashe ite?

Kuva agatsiko k’abo bamwe bita “abavantara” (bibumbiye muri FPR) kayoboye u Rwanda kagera ku butegetsi guhera mu mwaka wa 1994, Abanyarwanda bo mu byiciro binyuranye bahuye n’akaga gakomeye k’imibereho mibi bitewe n’ubukene n’inzara bitahwemye kubugariza. Birababaje kumva inzara iyogoza igihugu kigwamo imvura igihe cyose, mu gihe hari ibihugu bindi bibona imvura igihe gito gusa ntiwumve havugwa inzara. Muri rusange Abanyarwanda bamye ari abakozi bakunda umurimo kandi baharanira kwiteza imbere. Byagenze bite kugira ngo Abanyarwanda babe bugarijwe n’imibereho mibi hamwe n’ubukene ndengakamere muri iki gihe?

2. Impamvu y’inzara n’ubukene bidashira mu Rwanda.

Muri iki gice turasuzuma zimwe mu mpamvu zitumye Abanyarwanda bugarijwe n’inzara n’ubukene bidashira.

2.1. Politiki y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi igamije gukenesha rubanda rugufi.

Agatsiko kari ku butegetsi, muri gahunda ndende, kateguye gukenesha Abanyarwanda kugira ngo kabone uko kabategeka. Kabanje kwambura umuturage isambu kavuga ko ubutaka bwose ari ubwa Leta, umuturage agakodesha Leta. Hejuru y’ibyo, umuturage ntiyemerewe guhinga muri bwa butaka yakodesheje igihingwa ashaka kandi cyera mu karere atuyemo. Agatsiko kadukanye icyo kise ngo “Agasozi ndatwa”, aho abahinzi bagomba guhinga igihingwa kimwe cyatoranyijwe na Leta hatitawe ku byo umuturage akeneye. Urugero: usanga ubutaka bwashyizwe hamwe buhinzweho igihingwa cy’ibigori gusa, nabyo kandi umuhinzi ntiyemerewe kubisarura kuko umusaruro ushyirwa muri Koperative y’abagize agatsiko, akaba ariyo ibigurisha. Ni kenshi umuhinzi yagiye ahabwa imbuto zitajyanye n’ubutaka buhingwa, umusaruro ukabura. Ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda, aho gushishikariza abahinzi gukoresha imborera, byatumye ubutaka bwangirika ku buryo butagitanga umusaruro uhagije.  Ibishanga byaramiraga abaturage mu gihe cy’impeshyi barabyambuwe, abahinzi bategekwa guhingira isoko, bigatuma imiryango yabo yicwa n’inzara.

Ku bijyanye n’ubworozi, rubanda rugufi rwashyiriweho gahunda ya “Gira inka” mu rwego rwo kwivana mu bukene hagamijwe kubona amata, ndetse n’ifumbire yo kunganira ubuhinzi. Mu by’ukuri, ku muturage utishoboye, iyi gahunda ntacyo imumariye kuko ya nka ntabwo ashoboye kuyorora uko bikwiye: inka ikeneye ubwatsi n’ibindi byo kurya no kuvurwa wa muturage adashobora kubona kugira ngo ayibyaze umusaruro. Na none igihe yasumbirijwe n’ubukene, iyo nka ntabwo izamutabara ngo ayigurishe, akemure ikibazo kimwugarije kuko ntabwo ari umutungo we. Nguko uko umuhinzi-mworozi yabaye imfungwa yashimuswe n’ubutegetsi: aravunika ariko ntibimubuza gusonza, mu gihe abo mu gatsiko bigaruriye byose.

2.2. Ubushomeri mu rubyiruko

Ikibazo cy’ubushomeri mu rubyiruko ni kimwe mu biteye ubukene n’imibereho mibi bikabije mu Banyarwanda muri rusange kuko urwo rubyiruko rugize 60% by’abatuye igihugu. Ubwo bushomeri ahanini umuzi wabwo uri mu ireme ry’uburezi ridafashije, bikaba mu mugambi w’agatsiko wo gukenesha Abanyarwanda ku bushake. Urubyiruko rwihutiye kwiga za Kaminuza nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye kuko diplome y’amashuri yisumbuye ntaho ihabwa akazi. Leta yirengagije nkana gushyiraho amashuri yigisha imyuga iciriritse kugira ngo benshi mu rubyiruko bashobore kumenya imyuga yabafasha kwivana mu bukene. Buri mwaka, hari ibihumbi by’abarangiza za kaminuza, nyamara Leta ntacyo ikora ngo ihange imirimo ikoreshe urwo rubyiruko, ahubwo ugasanga irabashishikariza kwihangira imirimo kandi nta n’igishoro bafite. Mu itangwa ry’akazi nabwo abapiganira imyanya ntibahabwa amahirwe angana, ahubwo agatsiko gakoresha ikimenyane. Ndetse na ruswa ikivangamo, kandi ruswa y’igitsina nayo iravugwa mu Rwanda.

2.3. Imishahara y’intica ntikize ku gice kinini cy’abakorera Leta.

Abagize amahirwe yo kubona akazi bo mu cyiciro cyo hagati, mbese mu bakozi basanzwe, abenshi ni abarimu kimwe n’abakora mu bijyanye n’ubuzima. Imishahara bahabwa ugereranyije n’akazi bakora iteye isoni. Dufashe urugero rw’umukozi uhembwa  ibihumbi ijana (100 000frs = 88,40 € = 93.37 $) ku kwezi, ayo mafranga agomba kumukemurira ibibazo byose by’urugo. Iyo urebye uko ibiciro ku isoko byifashe, usanga ayo mafranga adashobora no kumutunga igihe kingana n’icyumweru kimwe. Nyamara waterera akajisho ku mishahara y’abari kw’isonga bayoboye igihugu, byerekana ko umutungo w’igihugu wihariwe n’agatsiko k’abantu bake bari mu buyobozi, aho uzasanga umuntu ahembwa umushahara wa miliyoni eshatu, hari undi uhembwa ibihumbi ijana kandi bombi bahurira ku isoko rimwe. Bityo rero, abakozi bo mu cyiciro cyo hagati (classe moyenne) bakeneshejwe ku bushake bwa Leta, nyamara ni bo benshi kandi baramutse bahawe imishahara ihagije ni bo bafasha ubukungu gutera imbere.

2.4. Guhanga imirimo biri hasi kuko nta gishoro kandi inyungu ku nguzanyo za banki ziri hejuru cyane, hakiyongeraho n’imisoro ikabije.

Kuba guhanga imirimo biri ku kigero cyo hasi ni imwe mu mpamvu zituma ubukene n’imibereho mibi bidashobora gucika mu Banyarwanda. Leta yo ibwira urubyiruko rurangije amashuri ngo nirwihangire imirimo. Kugira ngo guhanga imirimo bishoboke, ni ngombwa ko umuturage yagira ubushobozi mu kubona inguzanyo mu bigo by’imari. Biragoye kubona inguzanyo na none adafite ingwate kuko nta mutungo afite. Abashoboye kwishyira hamwe bakabona inguzanyo muri banki, abenshi bahura n’ikibazo cy’imisoro ihanitse, akenshi bikabaviramo kubura ubwishyu, bikarangira ibyo bari batunze bitejwe cyamunara kugira ngo banki ibone amafaranga yayo. Ingero ni nyinshi z’abagiye bamburwa ibyabo kuko bananiwe kwishyura inguzanyo bahawe.

2.5. Intambara z’urudaca leta y’u Rwanda ishoza ku baturanyi.

Igihugu cy’u Rwanda muri iki gihe gisa n’ikiri mu kato, aho imipaka n’abaturanyi ifunze kubera politiki mbi y’agatsiko gahora gashotora ibihugu by’ibituranyi. Izi ntambara z’urudaca no kurebana ay’ingwe bituma nta buhahirane bushoboka kugira ngo haboneke ibiribwa bihagije ku masoko, bitume ibiciro bijya hasi. Kugarura umubano mwiza n’ibihugu bidukikije biri mu byihutirwa kuko bizatuma ubwishishanye bushira burundu, noneho Abanyarwanda babishoboye kandi babishaka basohoke mu Rwanda, bakore ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka nta bwoba cyangwa bajye gukorera hanze indi mirimo itari ubuhinzi, cyangwa abashoboye kujya gukorerayo ubuhinzi n’ubworozi nabo bimukireyo.

2.6. Imisanzu n’imisoro by’murengera kandi bihoraho.

Hejuru y’ibi byose hiyongeraho imisanzu n’imisoro by’umurengera ya hato na hato rubanda yakwa, igamije gukungahaza abari mu gatsiko kayoboye igihugu, abaturage bo bakabihomberamo. Aha twavuga umusanzu w’ishyak rya FPR utangwa na buri Munyarwanda umukuru n’umuto, umusanzu w’irondo, uw’isuku, uw’Ejo Heza, uw’ikigega Agaciro;….

3. Umuti w’ibi bibazo ni uwuhe ?

Abaturage bakomeje gutaka inzara n’ubukene kandi barababaye. Iyo usesenguye  byimbitse imikorere y’agatsiko kayoboye u Rwanda, usanga gukenesha abaturage ari imwe mu ntwaro ya FPR kugira ngo ishobore kubayobora imaze kubagira abasabirizi bahora bateze amaboko kuko nta kindi bashoboye. Bityo rero, igihe cyose agatsiko ka FPR kazaba kayoboye igihugu, inzara n’ubukene ntibizigera bishira muri rubanda. Umuti wonyine ushoboka ni uko abaturage bakwishyira hamwe bagakora Revolusiyo ihindura imitegekere y’igihugu, bityo n’ubuyobozi buriho bugahinduka. Abanyapolitiki batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bw’agatsiko barasabwa gukomeza gushishikaza rubanda, babigisha uburenganzira bwabo kugira ngo bazashobore kwipakurura ingoma y’igitugu ya FPR igamije kubakenesha, mu gihe agatsiko kihariye konyine ibyiza by’igihugu. Iyo ni yo nzira izatuma abanyarwanda bivana mu nzara n’ubukene, bamaze kwigaranzura ubutegetsi bw’igitugu no gusenya ubwikubire bwa bamwe. Ni inzira iruhije,ariko irashoboka.

Vestine MUKANOHERI

Umunyamuryango wa FDU-Inkingi