Iyi nyandiko igamije kumenyekanisha umushinga RUNAMBEHO no guhamagarira ababishoboye kuwutera inkunga.

Hari abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga biyise Abasangizabumenyi, bateguye umushinga ugamije guhindura mu kinyarwanda ibitabo by’ingenzi n’izindi nyandiko byanditse mu ndimi z’amahanga. Bakeneye inkunga iyo ari yo yose y’abantu baha agaciro ibikorwa bishobora gufasha abanyarwanda kumenya kurahura ubwenge no gusigasira ikinyarwanda.

Runambeho ni iki? Igitekerezo cyavutse gute?

Kuva mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2017, hari itsinda ry’abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga biyise Abasangizabumenyi, batangije umushinga wo kwandika amateka y’u Rwanda bahereye ku banyarwanda bayasizemo ibirari, kandi batabarutse mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri. Uwo mushinga, uzagirwa n’ibice byinshi, bawise «Ibirari by’amateka». Ubu bamaze kwandika ibice bibiri bikozwe mu buryo bw’ibitabo, bakaba bari gutegura n’icya gatatu. Uretse urukundo bafitiye igihugu cyabo, ibindi bahuriyeho ni urukundo rw’ibitabo no kuba abakorerabushake.

Abasangizabumenyi basanze hari inyandiko n’ibitabo bishobora kuba byagirira abanyarwanda akamaro, ariko bikaba byanditswe mu ndimi z’amahanga. Indimi zakoreshejwe cyane ni igifaransa n’icyongereza. Kubera ko abanyarwanda bose badasobanukiwe izo ndimi, abo bakunzi b’igihugu cyabo, mu rwego rwo gusigasira umuco no guteza imbere ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda, basanze bikwiye kwiga ukuntu ibitabo n’izindi nyandiko by’ingenzi byajya bihindurwa mu kinyarwanda kandi bikagera no ku basomyi babikeneye. Ni uko igitekerezo cy’umushinga Runambeho cyavutse. Ni ukuvuga kunamba ku rurimi rw’ikinyarwanda, ndetse no ku Rwanda rwababyaye.

Akamaro ko gusoma

Nk’uko abahanga mu by’imibereho y’abaturage babyemeza, n’amashami ya Loni nka UNESCO (yita k’uburezi, ubuhanga n’umuco) na PNUD (yita ku by’iterambere) akabishimangira, kwigisha urubyiruko mu mashuri no kwigisha abantu bakuze kumenya gusoma, kwandika no kubara, ni umwe mu misemburo y’ingenzi y’iterambere mu by’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, cyane cyane mu bihugu byitwa ko bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere [1] [2].

Gusobanura akamaro ko kumenya gusoma ntibikiri ngombwa cyane. Ikidashidikanywaho ni uko kumenya gusoma ari uburyo bwo kwihugura no guhererekanya ubumenyi. Bituma umuntu amenya ibintu byinshi, ari ibyerekeye ubuhanga, ikoranabuhanga, ubukorikori, amateka n’imico by’igihugu cye n’iby’ahandi, imitekerereze y’abandi ku by’ubuzima muri rusange n’uko bakemura ibibazo bahura na byo. Byigisha kandi umuntu gusesengura neza ibibaye byose, ntabe yapfa kujijishwa. Bishobora ndetse gufasha umuntu kwibagirwa ibibazo bye no kuruhuka [3]. Binatuma umuntu asa n’ugenda amahanga kandi atavuye aho ari, akaba yanazenguruka ibihe by’amateka binyuranye, no mubice by’isi binyuranye, igihe arimo kidahindutse. Muri make bifasha umuntu kujijuka, agashobora kwiteza imbere ari nako ateza imbere igihugu akomokamo cyangwa atuyemo.

Ikibazo cyo gusoma cyifashe gute mu Rwanda?

Ku rutonde rwashyizwe ahagaragara na PNUD mu mwaka wa 2018 rwerekana ijanisha ry’abantu barengeje imyaka 15 bazi gusoma, kwandika no kubara, u Rwanda rwashyizwe ku mwanya w’143 mu bihugu 182 byakozweho iperereza, rinemeza ko ijanisha ryarwo riri kuri 70,7% [4]. Mu rwego rw’uyu mushinga, hakenewe kumenya umubare w’abasomyi muri rusange, ariko cyane cyane uw’abazi gusoma ikinyarwanda gusa. Mu mwaka wa 2020, abanyarwanda babarirwaga muri 12 952 208 [5].

Abarengeje imyaka 15 bari 60,6%, ni ukuvuga abantu 7 849 038. Muri bo, niba abazi gusoma ari 70,7%, ni ukuvuga ko bageze kuri 5 549 270. Kubera ko ibarura ryakozwe muri 2012 ryerekanye ko 67,7% bari bazi gusoma ikinyarwanda gusa [6], iryo janisha riramutse ritarahindutse, byaba bivuga ko abari bazi gusoma ikinyarwanda gusa muri 2020 bari bageze kuri 3 756 855. Uwo niwo mubare umuntu yashingiraho muri uyu mushinga. N’ubwo nta perereza ryashoboye kuboneka ryerekana muri bariya 3 756 855, umubare w’abafite koko inyota yo gusoma, ntawashidikanya ko ari benshi, babarirwa muri za miriyoni.

Ubutegetsi bwo mu Rwanda birumvikana ko bufite ibyo buzi kuri iki kibazo. Ibi bigaragarira mu nyandiko nyinshi Minisiteri ya Siporo n’Umuco (MINISPOC), ifite ibirebana no gusoma mu nshingano zayo, yagiye itangaza. Ku byerekeye ikibazo cyo gusoma, biyemerera ubwabo ko nta mazu ya Leta abigenewe ahari, ko abikorera ku giti cyabo badakunze kubyitabira, ko abanyarwanda umuco wo gusoma no kwandika utabarimo, ko n’amategeko agenga inyungu z’abanditsi n’abahanzi muri rusange akeneye kunozwa [7]. Hari kandi n’ibigo byegamiye kuri Leta bifite mu nshingano zabyo gufasha MINISPOC muri iyo gahunda. Ibyo ni nk’Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco (RALC: Rwanda Academy of Languages and Culture), Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ishyinguranyandiko na Serivisi z’Inkoranyabitabo (RALSA: Rwanda Archives and Library Services Authority), hamwe na Minisiteri y’Ibikorwaremezo (MININFRA: Ministry of Infrastructure).

Mu byateganyijwe gukorwa, harimo guteza imbere ikinyarwanda ngo gikomeze kivugwe na bose ariko hatibagiranye n’izindi ndimi zigishamikiyeho, gutera inkunga abandika ibitabo mu kinyarwanda, gushinga no guteza imbere amasomero n’amazu yo gucapiramo ibitabo. Ku byerekeye amasomero, hari gahunda za Leta zishinzwe kuyakwiza mu turere twose tw’igihugu.

N’ubwo abanyarwanda bivugwa ko badafite umuco wo gusoma no kwandika, bigaragara ko inzego za Leta zifite icyo kibazo mu nshingano zagerageje kucyitaho zitegura imishinga yafasha kugikemura. Icyakora ntitwashoboye kubona inyandiko cyangwa ibimenyetso byerekana mu mibare ibikorwa iyo mishinga imaze kugeraho, kugirango umuntu abe yakwemeza koko ko Leta ishishikajwe n’uko abanyarwanda bamenyerezwa umuco wo gusoma, inaborohereza uburyo bwo kubona ibitabo basoma.

Ikindi kigaragara iyo umuntu asuzumye inyandiko za MINISPOC, ni uko ntaho bateganya guhindura mu kinyarwanda ibitabo byanditse mu ndimi z’amahanga. N’ibyo twashoboye kumenya byahinduwe n’abantu ubwabo, bitanyuze muri gahunda ihamye ya Leta. Ni ukuvuga ko uyu mushinga Runambeho, haramutse habonetse uburyo bwo kuwushyira mu

bikorwa, waba ufite ishingiro kuko uzanye igitekerezo gishyashya kandi cyagirira akamaro abanyarwanda babarirwa muri za miriyoni.

Ibyo umushinga Runambeho ugamije

Muri rusange uyu mushinga ugamije kugira uruhare mu gusigasira ikinyarwanda n’umuco nyarwanda. Ugamije kandi kugira uruhare mu gutuma abanyarwanda basobanukirwa neza n’ibibera ku isi, bamenya gukemura ibibazo bahura na byo, bamenya aho bava kugirango bashobore guteganya aho bajya, basobanukirwa amateka y’u Rwanda n’ay’ibindi bihugu, muri make bamenya kurahura ubwenge.

By’umwihariko, uyu mushinga ugamije guhindura mu kinyarwanda ibitabo n’izindi nyandiko zanditse mu ndimi z’amahanga ariko zifite icyo zakungura abanyarwanda, no kwiga uburyo ibyo bitabo cyangwa inyandiko bizaba byarangije guhindurwa byazajya bigera ku basomyi babyifuza.

Hakenewe inkunga yo gushyira umushinga Runambeho mu bikorwa

Kugirango uyu mushinga ushyirwe mu bikorwa, Abasangizabumenyi bakeneye inkunga z’ingeri nyinshi. Hakenewe cyane cyane abakorerabushake bahindura mu kinyarwanda ibitabo n’inyandiko bizaba byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibishobora kunogera abanyarwanda benshi. Hakenewe kandi n’inkunga yo gucapisha ibitabo bizaba byahinduwe mu kinyarwanda no kubyamamaza, ndetse n’ibitekerezo binyuranye byaba bigamije guteza imbere uyu mushinga.

Baca umugani ngo: “ ubwenge burarahurwa”, kandi ngo: “abatabizi bicwa no kutabimenya”. Wowe musomyi w’iyi nyandiko, niwiyemeza kuba umwe mu bakorerabushake bazafatanya n’abandi guhindura ibitabo byanditse mu ndimi z’amahanga mu kinyarwanda, nutanga amafaranga yo gushyigikira uyu mushinga, nutanga ibitekerezo birebana n’ibitabo n’inyandiko byanogera abanyarwanda, cyangwa ugasangiza gusa iyi nyandiko bagenzi bawe, na we uzaba ukoze igikorwa cy’ingirakamaro kuko uzaba ugize uruhare mu gufasha abanyarwanda kuburahura no kubimenya.

Niba rero ushaka gutera inkunga uyu mushinga cyangwa ukeneye ibindi bisobanuro, ushobora kwandikira uhagarariye Abasangizabumenyi kuri aderese e-mail [email protected].

Mu izina ry’Abasangizabumenyi, byanditswe na: NTAWINIGA Filipo, hamwe na MURORUNKWERE Dariya

Ahaboneka inyandiko n’imibare byifashishijwe

[1] unesdoc.unesco.org – Alphabétisation et développement. Yasuwe kuya 2 Gashyantare 2023

[2] hdr.undp.org – Rapport sur le développement humain 2010. Yasuwe bwa nyuma kuwa 18 Mutarama 2023

[3] dev-perso.com – 9 bienfaits de la lecture pour votre développement personnel. Yasuwe bwa nyuma kuwa 21 Mutarama 2023.

[4] fr.wikipedia.org – Liste des pays par taux d’alphabétisation. Yasuwe bwa nyuma kuwa 21Mutarama 2023.

[5]populationpyramid.net – Population du Rwanda 2020. Yasuwe bwa nyuma kuwa 21 Mutarama 2023.

[6] statistics.gov.rw – RPHC4 Thematic report. Yasuwe bwa nyuma kuwa 21 Mutarama 2023.

[7] .minisports.gov.rw – Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Sport and Culture. Yasuwe bwa nyuma kuwa 28 Mutarama 2023.