Ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Mozambique: Umutungo uzigendaho uva he? Ni izihe nyungu u Rwanda rubifitemo? 

Yanditswe na Arnold Gakuba

Nyuma y’amezi abiri, kuva ku itariki ya 9 Nyakanga 2021, ingabo z’u Rwanda zigeze mu Ntara ya Cabo Delgabo mu Majyaruguru ya Mozambique, mu gikorwa cyo kurwanya inyeshyamba zigometse ku butegetsi, ibibazo bibiri by’ingenzi biracyari ingorabahizi: umutungo ingabo z’u Rwanda zikoresha uva he? Ni iziye nyungu u Rwanda rukuramo? Ikinyamakuru “Zitamar News” cyo muri Mozambique, cyanditse inkuru yabivuye imuzingo. 

Kuri ibyo bibazo by’ingorabahizi, abayobozi b’ingabo z’u Rwanda bo bavuga ko u Rwanda arirwo rushora amafaranga muri icyo gikorwa. Nyamara ariko abakurikiranira hafi iby’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda baremeza ko icyo ari ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa, kuko u Rwanda ubu rubarizwa mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi, bityo kuba rwabona amafaramga yo kwita kuri ziriya ngabo bikaba bitarworohera. 

Ese bitekerezwaho iki?

Haracyekwa ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zaba ziterwa inkunga n’Ubufaransa cyangwa se sosiyete yo muri icyo gihugu yitwa “Total” icukura peteroli mu gace koherejwemo izo ngabo. Ingabo z’u Rwanda ziriyo zamaze gutangaza ko zibanda cyane mu turere twa Palama na Mochimboa da Paraia, twombi dukoreramo uwo mushinga wa peteroli. Ibi bikaba byakwemeza ko izo ngabo z’u Rwanda zaba ziri ku kiraka, bityo zigahabwa ibyo zikenera byose ngo akazi kagende neza.

Hagati aho ariko sosiyete “Total” yigize nyoninyinshi kuri icyo kibazo, kuko yatangarije  Zitamar News” ko nta ngabo ziri muri Mozambique yaba itera inkunga. Ngo gusa itanga ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe ku basirikare ba Mozambique barinda umutekano w’ibikorwa by’uwo mushinga, ngo ariko nabyo ntibyanyuze mu masezerano. Ku rundi ruhande ariko, Leta y’Ubufaransa yaranumye, ntibihakana kandi ntibyemeza. Ibiro by’itangazamakuru bya Minisiteri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Ubufaransa byabwiye “Zitamar News” ko Ubufaransa bwifatanije na Mozambique mu gikorwa cyo kurwanya iteravwoba, nyamara ntibyagira icyo bitangaza ku gutera inkunga ingabo z’u Rwanda ziri muri Cabo Delgado. Ibyo biro byakomeje bivuga ko Ubufaransa bushyigikiye ko ikibazo kiri muri iyo Ntara cyacyemurwa n’ibihugu byo mu karere, bityo bishima ibikorwa by’ibihugu bigize SADC ndetse n’u Rwanda byiyemeje kukigiramo uruhare.

Nyamara ariko, igihe perezida w’Ubufaransa Emmanuel Macron yasuraga u Rwanda ku ya 27 Gicurasi 2021, yatangaje ko kohereza ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Mozambique ari ukongera imbaraga z’Ubufaransa ku Mugabane w’Afrika. Yagaragaje ko u Rwanda ari igihugu cyafasha Ubufaransa kugera kuri iyo ndoto.  Bityo uwo mugambi ukaba waragezweho muri DRC na Repubulika ya Centrafrique maze ukaba warakomereje muri Mozambique. 

Nk’uko bitangazwa na Professor Phil Clark wigisha muri “School of Oriental and African Studies” i London, ngo uruzinduko rwa Emmanuel Macron mu Rwanda  rwabaye intambwe ikomeye yo kohereza ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Mozambique. Yabwiye “Zitamar News” ati: “Kujya mbere k’Ubufaransa nicyo cy’ingenzi kihishe inyuma ya byose. Iyo Macron atajya i Kigali, ntituba tubona ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Mozambique”. Akomeza agira ati: “Abantu bari biteze ko Perezida Kagame azavuga amagambo akarishye ku Bufaransa, ariko siko byagenze, kuko yatangaje ko mu byo baganiriye harimo ibirenze gusaba imbabazi.” Professor Phil Clark abona ko kohereza ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Mozambique ariyo mpamvu nyamukuru yajyanye Perezida Emmanuel Macron i Kigali.  

Ese u Rwanda rukeneye inkunga y’Ubufaransa? 

Zitamar News itangaza ko ifite amakuru ahagije kuri icyo kibazo. Yemeza ko inzinduko z’abaperezida batatu zifite aho zihurira. Perezida Filipe Nyusi yasuye u Rwanda mbere na nyuma y’uko Paul Kagame ajya mu Bufaransa maze Emmanuel Macron asuye u Rwanda gahunda yo kohereza ingabo muri Mozambique ihita ishyirwa mu bikorwa. 

Ku kibazo kijyanye n’uko Ubufaransa bwaba butera inkunga ingabo z’u Rwanda ziri muri Mozambique, Darren Olivien wa “African Defence Review” we abona ko u Rwanda rwaba koko rurimo kwirwanaho muri ino minsi kuko ngo abona ibikoresho birimo amato ingabo z’u Rwanda zikoresha atari bishyashya. Iyi kandi ni nayo mboni ya Jonathan Beloff wanditse igitabo yise “Foreign Policy in Post Genocide-Rwanda:  Elite Perceptions of Global Engagement”. We aratekereza ko Ubufaransa butahita bufasha ingabo z’u Rwanda kuko ibyabaye mu gihe cya jenoside byatumye Ubufaransa bugira isura mbi ku Rwanda bikaba n’ubu bitararangira. Ngo icyo perezida Emmanuel Macron arimo kugerageza gukora ubu ni ukugarura imibanire myiza hagati y’igihugu cye n’u  Rwanda. Ese aba ntibaba ari intumwa cyangwa abafana b’u Rwanda n’Ubufaransa?

Ese hari aho u Rwanda rwizeye inkunga cyangwa ruzananirwa rukure ingabo zarwo muri Mozambique? 

Benshi babona ko inkunga u Rwanda rukeneye ubu atari izo gushyira mu ngabo kuko ari kimwe mu bihugu byagezweho n’ingaruka za Covid-19 ku buryo bukomeye. Muribo harimo umunyamakuru Michela Wrong wanditse igitabo ku Rwanda rwa Paul Kagame yise “Do not Disturb“. We arasanga  u Rwanda ari kimwe mu bihugu by’Afrika bikennye cyane, kikaba gifite ubukungu bwubakiye ku mfashanyo.  Aragira ati: “Niba u Rwanda rurimo kwirwanaho muri Mozambique, hari inkunga ruhabwa zigenewe ibindi nk’ubuvuzi n’uburezi zaba zirimo gukoreshwayo.”  Hagati aho, twakwibutsa ko Emmanuel Macron yahaye u Rwanda inguzanyo ingana n’amayero miliyoni mirongo itandatu (€60 million ) yo gufasha mu guhangana n’icyorezo cya Koronavirusi, akanatera inkunga siporo mu mashuri y’u Rwanda ingana na miliyoni imwe n’igice y’amayero (€1.5 million). Professor Phil Clark abona ko Ubufaransa bwaba bubikora kubera guterwa ubwoba n’uko Ubwongereza n’Amerika bishobora guhagarika imfashanyo byahaga u Rwanda kuko byazigabanije mu myaka ishize ku mpamvu ebyiri: kuba ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bwihenura ku nkunga buhabwa no kuba u Rwanda rufite raporo mbi zijyajye no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ngo rero kohereza ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Mozambique gishobora gutuma ibi bitaba, dore ko  Amerika yerekanye ko ishyigikiye kurwanya iterabwoba muri Mozambique, ikaba yarongereye imyitozo ya gisirikare yahaga icyo gihugu ndetse ubu ikaba yarimuye Ambasaderi wayo mu Rwanda ikamutwara muri Mozambique.

 Clark yabwiye Zitamar News ko u Rwanda rwitwaza cyane iby’ingabo zarwo ziri mu butumwa bw’amahoro. Aho u Rwanda rwabwiwe ko rugiye kugabanyirizwa imfashanyo kubera kutubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu, maze narwo rugahita ruvuga ko ruzakura ingabo zarwo muri Darfur na Centrafrique.  Wrong we akaba yemeza ko u Rwanda rukura akayabo gatubutse ku ngabo rwohereza mu butumwa mu bindi bihugu  Bityo, abona ko kohereza ingabo muri Mozambique nta rukundo na ruke rurimo.

Ese ni izihe mpamvu nyamukuru zajyanye u Rwanda muri Mozambique?

Clark abona ko kimwe mu byajyanye ingabo z’u Rwanda muri Mozambique ari ukurwanya iterabwoba ry’abayisilamu dore ko batabonwa neza na Leta ya Kigali. Ikindi ngo ni imigambi Leta ya Kigali ifite ku mugabane w’Afrika. Kujya mu bibazo bya Cabo Delgabo bituma Paul Kagame yamamara mu mahanga.  Wrong abona ko isura ya Paul Kagame yangiritse muri iyi minsi, kwigaragaza no kwibonekeza bikaba bimufasha kongera kumugirira icyizere.  Ngo ni uburyo kandi bwo gutesha agaciro ibihugu bya SADC cyane cyane Afrika y’Epfo.  Clark we abona ko u Rwanda rusa n’ururi guhangana na SADC kuko rwatakaje ibaba igihe rwiciraga Patrick Karegeya muri Afrika y’Epfo muri 2014, maze icyo gihugu kikirukana  abadipolomate babiri barimo na Claude Nikobisanzwe, ubu ushinzwe Komisariya Nkuru y’u Rwanda muri Mozambique kuva muri 2019 yajyaho.

Clark abona ko kandi u Rwanda rwifuje kuva kera gukorana na Mozambique kugirango rubone uko rwihimura ku batavuga rimwe na Leta ya Paul Kagame baba muri icyo gihugu. N’ikimenyimenyi, nyuma y’uko perezida Filipe Nyusi ava i Kigali muri Gicurasi 2021, umunyamakuru utavuga rumwe na Leta ya Paul Kagame, Cassien Ntamuhanga yatawe muri yombi n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zo muri Mozambique kugera ubu akaba yaraburiwe irengero. Hagati muri Kanama na none, abanyarwanda babiri  bahagarariye ishyirahanwe ry’impunzi z’abanyarwanda ziba muri Mozambique batawe muri yombi n’igipolisi cy’icyo gihugu, nyuma baza kurekurwa aho iryo shyirahamwe ryamaganiye icyo gikorwa.

Tugana ku musozo w’iyi nkuru, Michela Wrong aribaza niba Leta ya Mozambique izatesha agaciro uburenganzira bwa muntu maze ikirukana impirimbanyi z’uburenganzira bwa muntu b’abanyarwanda batavuga rumwe na Leta ya Kigali bari ku butaka bwayo. Ese izashobora kwirengagiza ibyo Ambasade y’u Rwanda irimo gukorera Abanyarwanda? Bimwe mu bimenyetso byatangiye kugaragara.

Umusozo

N’ubwo hari bamwe bemeza ko u Rwanda nta nkunga z’amahanga rurimo guterwa mu gikorwa rurimo muri Mozambique, ababikurikiranira hafi barimo Clark na Wrong basanga byanze bikunze hari inyungu z’ubukungu ndetse n’iza politiki u Rwanda rukura mu kohereza ingabo zarwo muri Cabo Delgado. Ibibazo Leta ya Kigali yagiranye na Leta y’Afrika y’Epfo byatumye Paul Kagame aca umuvuno wo kwigarurira SADC ngo yihimure kuri Afrika y’Epfo, none Emmanuel Macron yamuteye ingabo mu bitugu kubera na we inyungu za politiki n’ubukungu akurikiranye muri Afrika. Ibi bikaba byaranahaye Paul Kagame gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi we wo guhiga bukware Abanyarwanda bose batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwe, ubu akaba yarahereye muri Mozambique, aho Ubu yashinze ibirindiro.