Muri izi mpaka zose, hari abakeka yuko inzobere mu icengerandimi zateguwe ivugururwa ry’imyandikire y’ikinyarwanda ari abanyamahanga nk’uko umwe atatinye kubyandika, yirengajije ko amazina yabo yatangajwe, kandi bakaba basanzwe bazwi kubera imirimo bakora mu Rwanda. Ni Abanyarwanda na bo, kandi simbona ahantu umuntu yahera avuga ko bafite intego yo gukorera “jenoside” (iri jambo baritesheje agaciro n’uburemere bwaryo!) ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda. Na bo bakunda ikinyarwanda nk’abandi bose, ahubwo bakongera ho akarusho ko kukinonosora kugira ngo bagihuze n’ibihe by’iterambere tugeze mo.
Icyo nifuje kuva rugikubita, ni uko impaka zashingira ku bintu bifatika tukirinda amarangamutima maze tugafatira ku isesengura ry’ururimi dukurikije amategeko y’icengerandimi. Aya yonyine ni yo ashobora kutwereka aho amakosa aherereye, aho kuvuga gusa ngo ibi n’ibi birafutamye utabigaragarije buri wese. N’abahanga mu icengerandimi hari ibyo bajya ho impaka ubwabo, ariko amaherezo hakaboneka ubwiganze bw’ingingo iyi n’iyi ku zindi zatanzwe.
Mu kugusubiza rero, reka mpere (mbese izina ryawe rivugika nk’iyi nshinga ko nta masaku ujya ushyira ho?) ku muganda Dogiteri Bujeni Shimamungu yatanze.
1. Ndamushyigikiye ku bintu bitatu yakundiye amabwiriza mashya. Turemeranya kandi kuri iyi ngingo yibukije: “Amabwiriza uko agenda ahinduka agomba kutworohereza ndetse akadufasha no kugabanya ibimenyetso bikoreshwa kugira ngo twumvikane”. Nashimishijwe n’uko abateguye ivugururwa ry’imyandikire babyitaye ho.Koko rero. ahenshi bagiye bagabanya ibimenyetso aho kubyongera.
2. Hari ingingo zimwe na zimwe ariko nagira ngo twongere tugire icyo tuzungurana ho:
a. Mu gihe we avuga yuko imyandikire y’ikinyarwanda ikwiriye gushingira ku ngeri eshatu z’isesengura rurimi: iyigamvugo(phonologie), iyigantego (morphologie)n’iyigankomoko(etymologie), nifuzaga kumwibutsa yuko hari ingeri ya kane yibagiwe kandi ifite umwanya ukomeye cyane mu isesengura ry’ikinyarwanda, iyo ngeri ikaba ariigenantego(morphophonologie). Iyo ajya kwibuka yuko iyi ngeri na yo igomba kwitabwa ho, hari ibibazo byinshi yari kuba atabajije.
b .Aho yanditse ngo “…bya bindi byo kuvuga ngo”ibyandikwa kimwe bivugwa kimwe”[ …] nta myandikire y’ururimi na rumwe ibikurikiza”,ndibwira yuko yabyumvise amacuri, kuko icyo abateguye ivugururwa bagendeye ho kandi kiboneye ari ikingiki: “IBIVUGWA KIMWE BYANDIKWA KIMWE”, hakurikijwe ahari ibimenyetso bike.Bityo,[Ky] yo mu ijambo “ikigori” ikandikwa kimwe na[Ky] yo mu ijambo “icyibo” kuko bivugwa kimwe: ikigori; ikibo.
c. Aho yanditse ngo “…ariko ntibyoroha buri gihe kumenya icyo ijambo risobanuracyangwa aho rituruka uhereye ku buryo ryanditse.ngo Aha ndibutsa yuko ururimi ruvugwa mbere yo kurwandika no kurusoma. Uwiga ururimi amenya insobanuro y’ijambo ayibwiwe n’abaruzi; n’iyo arisomye mu nkoranya,insobanuro ayimenyeshwa n’intero yaryo irikurikira ntayibwirwa n’imyandikire yaryo.
Kumenya inkomoko y’amagambo ni iyindi ngeri y’icengerandimi idakeneye ko abavuga ururimi bose bayimenya.Akenshi iba iri mu rwego rw’ubushakashatsi, kandi hari n’inkoranya zimwe na zimwe ziyigaragaza, ugasanga ntaho ihuriye n’imyandikire y’ijambo ubwaryo.
d. Aho yanditse ngo ” Nkongoli na Kagame bageze aho baneshwa n’abanyeshuri bakurikira cyane ibyo André Coupez yigishije, bigamije kwandika ikinyarwanda nk’uko kivugwa. Ubu ngubu nibo baganje.” Ntabwo abigiye ikinyarwanda muri Kaminuza y’uRwanda guhera mu mwaka wa 1977 binjiye mu ntambara ya “Coupez/Kagame”, ahubwo bakurikije iby’ubushakashatsi mu icengerandimi bwari bwarageze ho icyo gihe, ibya Nkongori na Kagame barabireka kuko byari impitagihe, bitubahirije ibyagezwe ho mu gihe cya vuba kandi birushije ho gusobanuka. Na Kagame ubwe yageze aho yemera ko atari inzobere mu icengerandimi, ko ahubwo ari inzobere mu buvanganzo bw’ikinyarwanda, bikaba ari ibintu bibiri bitandukanye. Ikindi kandi, nta muntu n’umwe warota yandika ikinyarwanda nk’uko kivugwa, kuko wasanga ari ingorabahizi: [urgwanda]= uRwanda, [guhamnywa] icyaha= guhamywa, [gushkwekura]= gushwekura,nb.
e.Hari aho abaza ngo “None se « umujyi » abantu batuye mo (bajya mo), uzatandukanira he n’« umugi » w’inda?”Umugi bagya mo uzatandukanywa n’umugi w’inda nk’uko guteraibigori bitandukanywa no gutera indirimbo. Mu ndimi zose haba mo imvugwakimwe zidasobanura kimwe, abantu bagatandukanya insobanuro z’amagambo bahereye ku yandi magambo ayakikije mu nteruro cg. se ku nsanganyamatsiko iganirwa ho.Iki gisobanuro kirareba n’ijambo “insinzi” bamwe bakomeje gukeka (bibeshya) ko hari ushobora kuryitiranya n'”umusinzi”! Nta kuntu umuntu yavuga ko mu musatsi we hari mo imigi myinshi ngo abandi bumve ko hari mo Butare, Ruhengeri ,Kibungo, nb. Ikindi kandi ndifuza ko anyereka isesengura rigaragazainkomoko y’injombajwi j mu magambo “umujyi” no “kujya”!
f.Arasobanura inkomoko ya “njye” Aha na none wibagiwe ya mvugo yo mu majyaruguru bavuga « nje », « njewe » birinda gushyomoka ! Ngira ngo urumva imyandikire « njye » aho ituruka.”. Reka tube tubyemeye dutyo. Igisigaye rero ni ukugaragaza mu isesengura ukuntu ava kuri “nje” akagera kuri “njye”. Turabitegereje. No kuri iyi ngingo, hari irindi hame ryo mu icengerandimi nifuza kwibutsa. Iyo usesengura ururimi urwo ari rwo rwose, wirinda kuruvanga mo ibituruka mu rundi rurimi cg. se mu nshami zarwo. Ni ukuvuga yuko ugomba kwifashisha indundo y’umwimereri itavangiwe. Bityo rero, kubera ko hari ingingo zitari nkeye zitandukanya icyo bita “ikinyarwanda” n’icyo bita “ikirera”, dushobora kuvuga yuko ikirera ari urushami rw’ikinyarwanda cg. se ko ikinyarwanda ari urushami rw’ikirera kuko na none izo mvugo zifite binshi zihuriye ho. Mu isesengura rero, ni ngombwa kwirinda kuvangavanga ikirera n’ikinyarwanda kuko waba utagifite indundo y’umwimereri. Iyo yandika ngo “Twagombye kubanza kureba hirya no hino ibivugwa mu kinyarwanda mbere yo guhita mo imyandikire iboneye”ngo , aba yirengagije nkana iryo hame ry’icengerandimi, kuko asambirira hamwe ibidafite isano yuzuye. Ururimi rusesengurwa ukwarwo n’urushami rugasesengurwa ukwarwo, kandi mu Rwanda ibyo byakozwe ku kinyarwanda, ku kigoyi, ku kirera no ku oruciga. None se wabivangitiranyiriza hamwe byose ukazavana iki gifatika muri iryo turi?
g. Nge nshyigikiye yuko inshinga “ni” ikomeza gutandukanywa n’ibiyikurikiye. Akaremajambo k’inshinga “ni” gakwiriye kuyomekwa ho. Nta n’ubwo gahuje insobanuro n’inshinga “ni”.
Nshyigikiye kandi yuko akajambo k’indangahantu “ho, mo” gatandukanywa n’inshinga ikabanziriza kuko atari akaremajambo k’inshinga.
Source: DHR
