RWANDA: ABAKOZI BARATABAZA KUBERA IKATWA RY’IMISHAHARA BATAZI

RWANYINDO KAYIRANGWA Fanfan, Minisitiri w'Abakozi ba Leta n'Umurimo

Yanditswe na Erasme RUGEMINTWAZA

Amasezerano mpuzamahanga no 95, ku murimo yo mu 1949, ashyiraho ku buryo budashidikanywaho amahame remezo agomba kugenderwaho mu micungire y’imishahara y’abakozi. By’umwihariko aya mahame-remezo ashimangira ko umushashara w’umuntu ari ntavogerwa. U Rwanda rwa FPR ibyo ntirubikozwa, uretse gusahura umutungo wa Leta mu buryo bunyuranye, ubu abakozi bose ba Leta baratabaza kubera ikatwa rihoraho batazi ry’imishahara yabo. Ese ugutaka kwabo kuzumvwa na nde? Mu Rwanda se haba haba za sendika?

Induru ni nyinshi mu bakozi, ariko ni ya mitunu y’urukwavu itabuza ishyamba gushya.  Iyo uganiriye n’umukozi uwo ariwe wese usanga yinubira ikatwa rihoraho ry’umushahara, rikorwa atabizi ariko mbere na mbere atabanje kubigishwaho inama. Nyamara amasezerano mpuzamanga No95 yo mu 1949, mu ngingo yayo kuva ku ya 6 kugeza ku ya 10, agaragaza ko umushahara w’umukozi ari ntavoigerwa, muri izi  nzigo abakoresha babuzwa kugabanya ku buryo ubwo aribwo bwose umushahara w’umukozi, atabigizemo ubushake. Ibyo ubivuze mu Rwanda menya nabyo ari umurongo wa baringa utukura waba urenze, bityo ukitwa umwanzi w’Igihugu, nyamara ari ugushakira abana bacyo ineza.

Urebye muri rusange buri mukozi mu Rwanda akatwa amafaranga arenga 10% buri kwezi, atabizi, ku buryo hari bamwe batanabimenya bagakeka ko ariko imishishara yabo ingana. Ayo mafaranga yose akaba yoherezwa muri FPR.

Imisanzu wa FPR

Umukozi wese wa Leta akatwa umusanzu wa FPR ungana byibuze na 3% by’umushahara we wa buri kwezi. Ibi bikaba bikorwa nta kubaza umukozi byibuze niba ari no mu Ishyaka rya FPR. Ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko kuri ubu umunyarwanda wese asigaye avuka ari muri FPR.

Muri make u Rwanda rwasubiye inyuma, mbere y’inama ya la Baule, muri za 1990; kuko niho muri Afurika umuntu yavukaga ari mu ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, dore ko ahenshi ryabaga ari rimwe mu gihugu. Mu baturanyi b’u Rwanda bo baravugaga ngo “Olinga, olinga te, oza kati ya MPR”, ngo wabishaka utabishaka uri muri MPR. No mu Rwanda wabishaka, utabishaka uri muri FPR.

Iyo urebye urupapuro rw’umushahara w’umukozi, iyo misanzu usanga iri mu gace kanditseho ya mazina Rucagu Boniface yahimbiye Uturere, Intara, ibigo bya Leta cyangwa ibyiciro/amatsinda y’abantu bakora umurimo umwe; akayita amazina y’ubutore. Ubwo mu Karere ka Nyagatare ayo mafaranga yitwa Imbonezamihigo naho Rwamagana akitwa Inkeramihigo! Ayo mafaranga yose ajya mu yandi, atangira ingano FPR yirirwa isahura mu gihugu.

Ayo mafaranga kandi ni menshi cyane ku mukozi. Uretse no kubimenya cyangwa kubimenyeshwa, nta mukozi wemerewe kuba yakwanga ko bayamukata kabone n’ubwo yaba atari muri FPR. Amafaranga 3% y’umushahara w’Ibihumbi 400, ni ibihumbi 12 buri kwezi, ku mwaka ni ibihumbni 144. Aya mafaranga wayafashisha umuryango uciriritse nyarwanda, ukiteza imbere, ariko yigira mu bigega bya FPR!

Aya mafaranga kandi akatwa no mu bakozi b’ibigo byigenga; uko bikorwa ni kumwe. Ng’uko uko amahame y’ibanze mpuzamahanga agira umushahara ntavogerwa yicwa n’uwari ukwiye kuyarengera, ba nyirayo, bakijujuta ariko nta kubumbura umunwa.

Imisanzu w’Ikigega Agaciro

Iyo dusubiye inyuma mu mateka, twibuka ko Iki Kigega cyiswe Agaciro Development Fund,  cyashinzwe na Paul Kagame gitahwa nawe 23/08/2012. Cyaturutse ku bihe byo gukomanyirizwa imfashanyo kubera ko Leta y’u Rwanda yashinjwaga gufasha umutwe w’abarwanyi wa M23 wari warayogoje intara ya Kivu y’amajyaruguru muri Congo.

Mu nyandiko, byanditse ko ngo cyashyiriweho gukoreshwa imishinga y’ingenzi y’igihugu ijyanye n’icyerekezo 2020. Kugeza ubu nta mushinga n’umwe uzwi, wakozwe n’icyo kigega; ariko bizwi ko ayo ma miriyari n’amamiriyari Paul Kagame ayakoresha icyo ashaka, mbese ni “argent de poche” ye.

Nk’uko byanditse mu mategeko yacyo, amafaranga yose atanzwe mu Kigega Agaciro, afatwa nk’impano zihawe ikigega ntabwo ari imigabane. Sosiyete zikajya zakwa 1% kuyo zinjije mu mwaka. Umukozi wa Leta nawe akaba yakwa amafaranga angana n’umubyizi w’umunsi w’umushahara we w’ukwezi; iyo uyabaze neza usanga angana na 3,3% by’umushahara. Aha naho ntabwo umukozi abazwa niba ariya mafaranga ashaka kuyatanga cyangwa se niba ashaka gutanga angana n’ayo akatwa! Dufashe wa mukozi wacu uhembwa ibihumbi 400, akatwa umubyizi ungana 13,300, buri kwezi. Ku mwaka ni akayabo k’amafaranga 159,600 akatwa! 

Ubwinshingizi bw’izabukuru bubiri

Umuntu wese wasoma ibi ntiyabyumva: gutanga ubwishingizi bubiri, bugamije ikintu kimwe mu Kigo kimwe cya Leta! Ni ko biri! Ikigo cya Leta cy’Ubwishingizi gifite gahunda ebyiri zo kwishingira izabukuru, hari gahunda isanzwe, hakaba n’inshyashya yitwa EJO HEZA. Gahunda isanzwe ya RSSB (Rwanda Social Security Board) ni iyo umukozi wa Leta abikirwa 6% by’umushahara mbube we buri kwezi, umukozi agatanga 3%, Leta nayo ikamwongeraaho 3%. Mu gihe ubu bwishingizi bunengwa cyane nk’uko mbigarukaho imbere, Leta yashyizeho ubundi bw’ishingizi bw’izabukuru kandi byombi bigacungwa n’Ikigo kimwe. Uretse koko gushaka kwiba abantu, RSSB izaha umuntu izabukuru ku buryo bubiri, hari amafaranga ku misanzu yatanze ingana na 6%, hari n’ayo yashyize muri EJO HEZA? Ibi  abakozi babona ko ari amayeri yo kubiba kuko bazi ko amafaranga batanga ntayo bazabona!

Tugarutse ku bwishingizi bw’izabukuru busanzwe igihe cyari kigeze ngo ubwo bwishingizi, buhinduke kuko ubona hari byinshi budakora kandi by’ingenzi cyane. Ni gute koko umuntu yatanga imisanzu imyaka nka 25, yemwe na 30 ariko agasabwa gutegereza ngo ageze ku myaka 60? Ese abatanga umurongo w’icyo Kigo, batekereza ko inzara cyangwa ubukene nabyo bitegereza. Mu Rwanda ntibitangaje kubona umuntu watanze amafaranga y’ubwishingizi imyaka 30, agera ubwo abana birukanwa ku ishuri, agasabiriza, akambara injamba ngo ategereje ko agira imyaka 60!

U Rwanda rukaba rusabwa guhindura ubwo buryo butuma habaho gufata nabi abakozi bavuye mu kazi. Barebera ku bihugu by’I Burayi, bashaka bukongera ingano y’imisanzu, ariko umukozi yava ku kazi, agahera ubwo abona ikintu cyo kumutabara mu buzima bubi aba agezemo. Iki cyakwiganwa ubushishozi, ariko birashoboka Naho ubundi byazatuma Abanyarwanda bakomeza kubona mu mafaranga batanga y’ubwishingizi, imidugudu nka Vision City, irengeje kure ubushobozi bw’abo yari iteganyirijwe kubakirwa, cyangwa se ya miturirwa inyanyagije henshi mu mijyi, za Musanze, Rwamagana na Ruhango, ariko yabuze abayikoreramo. 

Ibyo kandi biba mu Rwanda hari impuzamasendika z’abakozi eshatu arizo COTRAF, CESTRAR na  COSIL. Izo sendika ariko ntacyo zamarira Abanyarwanda kuko zisabwa gukora bitandukanye na sendika za kera zari zishinzwe guhangana.

By’umwihariko zo zasabwe kugira indangaciro zo guceceka no kutavuga ibigenda nabi, mbese muri make zikaba intore, nk’uko zashimwe na James KABAREBE, tariki ya 07/05/2017, aho yabwiye abazihagariye ko nta kibazo zateje, kabone n’ubwo ibibazo bitabuze! Sendika ntacyo zabikoraho keretse bashatse kuba nka ya mpyisi yagabanyije umuhigo nabi Intare n’izindi nyamaswa! Uko byagenze yabara umupfu!