Yanditswe na Erasme Rugemintwaza
Kuva mu mpera z’umwaka ushize wa 2021, ibiciro by’ibikenerwa by’ibanze byakomeje kugenda bizamuka mu Rwanda. Abantu bakomeje gutegereza icyo Leta yakora ariko amaso yaheze mu kirere. Abanyarwanda bose, ariko by’umwihariko abatuye mu mijyi cyane cyane abo muri Kigali bahangayikishijwe cyane n’iryo zamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikerwa by’ibanze cyane cyane ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa. Ese iryo zamuka riraterwa n’iki? Leta ibivugaho iki?
Aho wagera hose mu Rwanda imvugo, nako induru ni imwe: “Inzara igiye kutwica kandi twari turokotse Covid-19”. Ibi bikaba bituruka ku kwiheba ku Banyarwanda benshi bitewe n’ibiciro by’ibiribwa byazamutze cyane ku buryo ubushobozi bwo guhaha bwabaye buke. Iki kibazo cy’ibiciro by’umurengera kikaba gifite ingaruka nyinshi ku buzima, ndetse bikaba byasubiza irudubi ikibazo gisanzwe mu Rwanda cy’igwingira ry’abana bato giterwa ubusanzwe no kurya nabi, ndetse inzara ikaba yayogoza igihugu kuko n’ubusanzwe bizwi ko Abanyarwanda bagera kuri miliyoni enye (30% by’abaturage bose), barya rimwe ku munsi nabwo biyushye icyuya. Iyo witegereje neza usanga mu Rwanda nta biribwa bihari, bigahumira ku mirari imipaka y’u Rwanda n’Ubuganda ndetse n’Uburundi, ikaba ifunze. Nko ku Buganda bwo, uretse ibiribwa byavagayo bigakwira hose mu gihugu, abaturage baturiye imipaka y’Ubuganda, bafite imbaraga bajya gupakazayo, bagatahana umuhahano uhendutse w’ibiribwa n’amafaranga.
Impungenge z’Abanyarwanda ziyongereye cyane aho mu gihe cy’icyumweru kimwe, kuva mu cyumweru cya nyuma cy’ukwezi kwa kabiri kugeza mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa gatatu 2022 ibiciro bimaze gutumbagira cyane kandi byongeraho amafaranga menshi ugereranyije n’irindi zamuka ry’ibiciro ryagiye ribaho mu gihe cya vuba aha.
Iri zamuka ry’ibiciro rikaba ribaye ku nshuro ya kabiri kuko no mu minsi ishize byigeze kuzamuka, bivugwa ko byatewe n’icyorezo cya Covid-19. Abantu baracecetse, barashinyiriza, ariko ubu byakabije ku buryo abantu bahanze amaso Leta ngo igire icyo ikora.
IBICIRO BITUMA UMUTU ASESA URUMEZA?
Ibiciro nasanze mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ntawe bitakangaranya, cyane ko bizamutse gutyo mu gihe cy’icyumweru kimwe. Umuntu ariko akaba yakwibaza impamvu y’ibi biciro, ariko cyane cyane impamvu Leta icecetse. Mu gace k’Umujyi wa Kigali nabajijemo ibiciro, ikiro cy’isukari cyari kimaze iminsi mike kigeze ku mafaranga 1500 nabwo kivuye ku 1200, ubu cyageze ku mafaanga 1800, umufuka w’ibiro 50 warangurwaga, nabwo nyuma yo kuzamuka, ibihumbi 52.000 mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa kabiri 2022, ubu wageze ku mafaranga 75.000 mu gihe kitarenze icyumweru. Amavuta yo guteka, litiro yaguraga amafaranga 1700, ubu yageze ku mafaranga 2700 naho iyaguraga 2500 yageze kuri 3500; ubwo ijyerikani ntoya irya yanditseho litiro 20, nasanze abacurizi bo bavuga ko ari litiro 18, iyaranguraga amafaranga 18.000 yo yakabije igera ku 51.000 Umufuka w’umuceri w’ibiro 25 warangurwaga amafaranga 23.000 wageze ku 25.500. umuceri kaba aricyo kiribwa kitiyongereye cyane. Ibiribwa Abanyarwanda barya cyane aribyo ibirayi n’igitoki byarazamutse birakabya. Ikiro cy’ibirayi byitwa Kinigi ubu ni hagati ya 350 na 400 kivuye kuri 250, naho igitoki cyo cyarakabije, cyavuye ku mafaranga 130 ubu kigeze kuri 250 na 260! Ku banywi b’inzoga, inzoga ya Miitzig nini, ibiciro biri hasi byavuye ku mafaranga 1000 bigera ku 1300, naho icupa rya primus rinini bita “mubimba”, ryavuye kuri mafaranga 800 rigera ku 1000, naho ka skol gato kavuye kuri 600 kagera kuri 700. Ibikomoka ku farini nabyo ni uko, wa mukati uribwa na benshi witwa irindazi, uwaguraga amafaranga 200 wageze kuri 300, naho uwaguraga 100 ugera kuri 200. Ibicanwa byo byakabije, Gaz ntoya y’ibiro 6, yavuye ku mafaranga 7.500 igera ku 9.000; naho umufuka w’amakara wavuye u mafaranga 10.000 ugera kuri 15.000. Naho isabune yo gufura zirya ziba zifatanye, agakarito karanguraga 5.500 kageze ku 9.800. Ibi biciro ni ibyo njye ubwanjye wanditse iyi nkuru nibarije, nigereyeho.
ABATURAGE BARATABAZA!
Aho ugeze hose, usanga abaturage batabaza, bakavuga ko hari ibyo bavuyeho kuko birenze ubushobozi bwabo. Ibyo ni nk’amavuta n’isukari kandi burya ibi ni ibiribwa by’ingenzi kuko bivamo kalori umubiri ukenera cyane. Abandi bati “ibirayi ni ibyo abo mu cyiciro cya 3 na 4”. Aha baba bavuga bwa buryo Leta y’u Rwanda ikoresha ishyira mu byiciro by’ubukungu, icyicro cya mbere n’icya kabiri, ari nacyo kirimo banyarwanda basaga 75%, ni icy’abafite ubushobozi buke cyane Leta igomba gushyiriraho ingamba zidasanzwe ngo batete imbere, naho abo mu cya gatatu akenshi ni abakozi bafite umurimo uhiraho mu gihe mu cyiciro cya kane ari abaherwe bafite imitungo yimukanwa n’itimukanwa igaragarara. Abo rubanda nyamwisnhi rero barasaba Leta guca inkoni izamba, ikareba uburyo ibi bicuruzwa bikenerwa mu buzima bw’ibanze byabaganyirizwa ibiciro dore ko ku isoko ry’umurimo, cyane cyane iyi mirimo tuvuga ko iri mu cyiciro cy’imirimo idasanzwe (secteur informel/informal sector), ari nayo itunze Abanyarwanda benshi cyane, usanga ikorwa n’abo batifite tumaze gukomozaho, imishahara aho kwiyongera ahubwo igenda ibaganuka, biturutse nabyo ku bwinshi bwabayishaka n’ubukungu bwahungabanyijwe na Covid-19.
Si abaguzi gusa bahangayikishijwe n’iri zamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa by’ibanze, n’abacuruzi nabo baratabaza bavuga ko bagiye gufunga imiryango kubera kubura abaguzi.
Ibyo uyu muturage wo mu mujyi wa Kigali yavuze, bihuriweho na benshi, yagize ati “Ibiciro byazamutse isukari irimo kugura 1500, ibirayi na byo byazamutse birimo kugura 350, igitoki ni 260, nta n’ubwo birimo kuboneka abantu bagize ikibazo, nkanjye ufite umuryango urumva ko ntashobora kubona ubushobozi bwo kugura isukari y’amafaranga 1800, ubwo nyine ni ukugura ifu y’igikoma bagashigisha abana bakakinywera aho”.
Naho umucuruzi we ati “Ibiciro birimo kuzamuka cyane kuko isukari uyu munsi ukuntu ihagaze umufuka w’ibiro 50 urimo kurangura ibihumbi 75, ni ko uyu munsi babyutse basohora igiciro, ubundi yabanje ku bihumbi 48, ijya ku bihumbi 52, none iri ku bihumbi 75, ubu ikilo turimo kugitangira 1600. Amavuta y’igihwagari litiro 5 igiciro ni ibihumbi 62 ku ikarito irimo amacupa ane ya litiro eshanu, ubwo tugomba ku mafaanga 17.000 ku icupa rya litiro eshanu ni yo make, mu gihe ubusnzwe twayatangiraga 14.500”.
Iri zamuka ry’ibiciro ryaje ritunguranye, ku buryo baba abaturage basanzwe, baba abacuruzi bavuga ko niba Leta ntacyo ikoze bagiye kubaho nabi, bakavuga ko hari byinshi bagiye kubura, dore ko n’ubundi ubu bari barimo kwiyubaka kubera ko icyorezo cya Covic-19 cyari cyabakomye mu nkokora. Mu gihe Covic-19nyari itangiye gutanga agahenge, hakaba hateye iki cyorezo cy’inzara gikomeye cyane dore ko cyo nta gapfukamunwa ko gucyirinda gahari!
Iyo usesenguye neza impamvu nyamukuru y’ibi biciro bikabije, ntabwo bisaba ubuhanga buhambaye cyane, waherako ku kintu cy’uko ibiciro ku rwego mpuzamahanga byazamutse, kubera ko muri politiki ibihugu byinshi byakoze, habayeho uburyo bwo kwita ku kuzahura ubukungu kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19. Iryo zahura ry’ubukungu rero ryatumye hashorwa imari nyinshi mu bukungu bwabyo, ku buryo iri zamuka ry’ibiciro ku rwego mpuzamahanga rituma ibikenerwa hanze bigurwa ku giciro kiri hejuru. Ibi rero bikaba byaga bikunda bigomba kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bihugu bikennye nk’u Rwanda bitagira ibintu byinshi byohereza hanze ngo bibone amadevize menshi. Ingaruka ikomeye ivuka kuri ibi byose ni iyo guta agaciro k’ifaranga. Ibi bikaba ari nk’ihame risanzwe ririho mu by’ubukungu, byitwa ‘igurana ry’ubwishyu” (balance de payement), aho ujyana dte mu ruhando rw’amahanga, abona duke bityo n’ifaranga rye rikagira gaciro gake.
Ariko Umuvugizi Wungirije wa Leta Alain MUKURALINDA, aherutse gutangaza, ibintu abantu benshi banenze kuko ni urwitwazo rudafite ishingiro, aho yabwiye Abanyarwanda ko batagomba kutazatungurwa nibabona ibiciro bizamutse, kuko ahanini bizaba birimo guterwa n’intambara irimo kubera mu gihugu cya Ukraine, hamwe n’ibihano byafatiwe igihugu cy’u Burusiya.
Ibi biramutse ari byo, uretse ko atari byo, wakeka ko ibi biciro byari bitegereje urwo rwitwazo kuko ibirayi bya Musanze, n’ibitoki bya Kibungo ntabwo biva mu Burusiya na Ukraine, yewe na Gaz twapfa kubeshya ko yaba ariyo ituruka, ntabwo yigeze ifungwa, Uburaya nk’abakiriya bayo ba mbere bafitanye ikibazo n’Uburusiya, ntibarafungirwa. Byanga bikunze byo iriya ntambara izatera ibibazo byinshi ariko se amavuta y’igihwagari ava hano hirya Kahama muri Tanzaniya, umuceri wa Kigori wa Kayonza cyangwa Gatsibo, nabyo koko byahuye na Poutine, na Zelensky na OTAN?
Ibyo Umuvugizi wa Leta Alain MUKURARINDA yavuze twavuga ko ari ibinyoma, cyangwa urwitwazo kuberako Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda (NISR), tariki 10 Gashyantare 2022, cyatangaje igipimo cy’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2022.
Dufashe bimwe muri ibyo biciro, NISR yatangaje ko ibiciro ku isoko mu mijyi byiyongereyeho 4.3% muri Mutarama 2022, ugereranyije na Mutarama 2021. Ni mu gihe Ukuboza kwa 2021 izamuka ryari ku kigereranyo cya 1.9%.
NISR ivuga ko bimwe mu byatumye ibiciro byiyongeraho 4.3% muri Mutarama ni ibiciro by’ibijyanye n’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bidasembuye byiyongereyeho 4.5%. Ni mu gihe ibiciro by’ibijyanye n’inzu, amazi, amashanyarazi, Gaz n’ibindi bicanwa byiyongereyeho 2.6%, naho ibijyanye n’ubwikorezi byiyongereyeho 4.7%. Intambara rero yatangiye tariki ya 24/02/2022, siyo yateye iryo hindagurika ry’ibiciro.
Impamvu nyamukuru y’iri zamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibirubwa ni ubukene bw’igihugu kitagira ibyo cyohereza hanze ngo cyinjize amadevize bityo ubukungu n’ifaranga bikomere byoye kujegajega. Abasobanura ko iri zamuka ryatewe n’ibiciro by’ubwikorezi baribeshya kuko ntabwo ari u Rwanda rwikorera rwonyine, ikibazo ahubwo ni uko imodoka zikorera zizana ibintu mu Rwanda, zisubirayo zibomborana nta kintu kirimo. Iki kibazo kandi cy’ibiciro nticyanakemurwa no gushyira imbaraga mu bikorerwa mu Rwanda. Aha nabaza abahanga babivuga kunsobanurira ukuntu ibirayi byiyongeraho amafaranga 100 ku kilo naho igitoki ibiciro bikikuba kabiri mu gihe lisansi itigeze yiyongereho, mu gihe byiyongeraga. Igisubizo nyacyo kuri iki kibazo ni ukumenya ko mu Rwanda nta biribwa bihari, ko turi isoko rikomeye ry’abaguzi b’ibiribwa, nanze kuvuga ry’abaryi, ko igisubizo cyiza ari ugufungura imipaka, gahunga, ibitoki, ibirayi bikava mu Buganda aho mu Burundi batatwohereza imyembe dore ko ubu twari dusigaye turya ivuye muri Kenya. Ibisobanuro bitangwa na Alain MUKURARINDA n’izindi “mpuguke”, ni ibyo guhishira itekinika ry’imibare y’ubukungu igaragaza ko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwiyomgera, nyamara ubukene bunuma!
IKIBAZO CY’IBIRIBWA KU RWEGO RW’ISI?
Muri rusange kuva mu mpera z’umwaka ushize wa 2021, ku isi hagaraye izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa. Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi, FAO (Food and Agricultre Organization) rivuga ko ibiciro by’ibiribwa ku isi byongeye kuzamuka cyane mu Kwakira 2021. Ku buryo byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru rwigeze rugaragara mu myaka icumi ishize kuko igiciro cy’ibiribwa by’ibanze cyazamutse hejuru ya 31% mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe. Ikigaragara kandi buri gihe iyohabaye izamuka ry’ibiribwa, ibinyampeke biba mu bizamuka cyane. Ibiciro by’ibinyampeke cyane cyane ingano zivamo umukati, ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane kuko ni ikiribwa kiribwa ba buri wese. Akaba ariyo mpamvu cyaguye guteza impagaraga nyinshi kuva kera cyane, ndetse umukati wahiritse ingoma nyinshi, iya vuga iya beshir muri Sudani.
UMWANZURO.
Ikibazo cy’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibintu by’ibanze mu buzima,cyane cyane ibiribwa, ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane. Leta rero yakagombye gushaka uburyo yacyoroshya ikigomwa imisoro nk’uko ijya ibikora ku bikomoka kuri peterori ariko umuturage akabona ibiribwa ku biciro bigereranyije. Si ngombwa gushaka impamvu n’ibisobanuro akenshi bitari byo ahubwo ni ugufata ingamba. Ibiribwa byaba ibitunganyije cyangwa se ibyanyjijwe mu nganda, niba byari bisanzwe bisora bikinjira nta misoro cyangwa andi mahoro, ahubwo bya bimodoka bihenze bakuriyeho imisoro kugira umuhungu wa Kagame ufite isoko ryo gutwara abayobozi bakomeye basuye u Rwanda, harimo n’inama itegerejewe y’Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Icyongereza (CHOGM), bigasoreshwa ahubwo agera kuri 200%. Ibikoresho tuvuga ko ari iby’afite uurengwe (Objet de luxe), bigasoreshwa cyane. Ibi bikozwe, nk’uko n’ahandi bikorwa, rubanda nyamwinshi yakoroherwa n’ubuzima aho kuyihuma amaso hitwazwa intambara zatangiye ibiciro byararangije kuba ikibazo gikomeye. Naho ubundi “inda rimo ubusa ntiyumva”. Ya mategeko abuza abantu kwigaragambya bishobora kuzagera igihe abantu ntibayumve, kubera kuburara. Kandi nk’uko nabivuzeho u Rwanda rufite hafi yarwo mu ntera no mu bihe urugero rw’aho umugati wahiritse igihangange. Leta ya Kigali rero ntizogere gutungurwa nk’uko byagenze ku batwara abagenzi kuri moto, bitwa abamotari. Kandi ngo “Agapfa kaburiwe ni impongo”.
