Yanditswe na RUGEMINTWAZA Erasme
Hashize iminsi, aho ugiye hose, haba mu cyaro cyangwa mu mijyi, yaba uwize cyangwa se utarize wumva havugwa ngo “uburezi bwataye ireme”. Yewe n’abanshinzwe ubwo burezi, ntibatinya kubivuga, bakabyivumburaho, ariko ugategereza icyakorwa ugaheba. Ukabona ko abantu basa n’abahebeye urwaje. Urwo rwaje tuzi twese, rwaje gute, rwazanywe nande? Turwemere se nta buryo bwo kurusubizayo maze uburezi bw’ u Rwanda koko bukongera gusubirana ireme. Iyi nyandiko isa n’iyo gutera ibuye mu gihuru kugira ngo hagire ikivumbukamo, igamije gushotora abahanga benshimu burezi, kuko njyewe uyanditse sindi we, kugira ngo bahaguruke, ejo u Rwanda rwacu dukunda, rwahoze rufite intiti muri aka Karere utazasanga rwigaruriwe n’abanyamahanga kuko n’ibyo dukeka twigisha bidashinga ku buryo imirmo yose wazasanga ikorwa n’abanyamahanga. Nk’uko mbikomojeho ni uburyo bwo gutangiza impaka, zitari iza ngoturwane ahubwo impaka zubaka.
Inshoza y’amagambo y’ingenzi
Uburezi:
ijambo uburezi ryasobanurwa nk’uruhurirane rw’ibikorwa bigamije nko gutuma ikintu gikura, mbese ni nko korora itungo cyangwa guhinga igiti, ukacyitaho kigakura. Uburezi rero ku bantu -abana- bisobanura kwita ku mwana, ukamuha ibikenerwa ngo akure neza, kimuntu, mu bantu, ku isi ikeneyeko ayitaho.
Uburere:
iri jambo rirajya kuvuga kimwe n’uburezi, kuko no mu Kinyarwanda hari umugani uvuga ngo “Uburere buruta ubuvuke”; ariko muri rusange tuvuga ko uburere umuntu abubonera mu muryango aho umwana akura yigana gukora ibyo abona mu bamukikije uhereye ku babyeyi be. Aha twavuga ko uburere butangwa aho umuntu aba muri rusanga, hatari ku ishuri aho umuntu ahura n’abarimu, ubumenyi bwa gihanga bunyuranye, abandi banyeshuri n’ibind.
Uburezi bw’Igihugu:
Ni ikusanyirizo rya gahunda zateguwe kugira ngo uwakurikiye izo gahunda, azagire ubumenyi, ubumenyingiro, imyitwarire, imitekerereze, imikorere n’ubukesha runaka.
Ireme:
Ikintu gifite ireme ni ikintu cyuzuye, gitunganye, mbese cyujuje ubuziranenge, kitajorwa. Dufashe nk’urugero rwo mu buhinzi, kawa idafite ireme iba ari igihuhwe.
Uburezi rero nyabwo ni uruhurirane rw’ibintu byinshi, bityo n’itakara ry’ireme ry’uburezi rishobora kuva kuri kimwe muri ibyo bintu, ariko muri rusange Leta nk’umubyeyi ishinzwe kureba ahari icyuho ikakiziba, niyo mpamvu yabyemera itabyemera Leta niyo igomba kubazwa ireme ry’uburezi. Iyo iryo reme ryatakaye, ni Leta igomba kubibazwa, ryaba rimeze neza ikabishimirwa. Reka tugerageze gusesengura uruhurirane rw’ibintu bifite icyo bisobanura ku ireme ry’uburezi.
Reka twifashishe iyi mpandeshatu (Hashobora kwifashihwa n’ibindi binyampande), mu kugerageza kureba uko uburezi buteye n’uruhurirane rw’ibintu bituma uburezi bugira cyangwa butakaza ireme.
Nk’uko bigaragara kuri aka gashusho ka mpandeshatu, twavuga ko uburezi ari uburyo bwo huguza (combinaison), umuryango n’ibidukikije, politiki n’ubushobozi bishyirwa hamwe kugira ngo urerwa ashobore kuzagira ubumenyi, imyitwarire n’imitekerereze byateguwe. Ziriya mfuruka uko ari eshatu iyo zikoze neza, ireme ry’uburezi riraboneka. Ritakara rero iyo imwe cyangwa irenze imwe mu mfuruka, itameze neza. Muri make ireme ry’uburezi ryatakarira mu bintu tugiye gusesengura ariko byendeye kuri ako gashushanyo
Umuryango n’ibidukikije
Umuryango udatuje ntushobora gutuma, umwana uwukomokamo yiga neza, icya mbere na mbere yatakaza bwa burere twavuze ko butangwa n’umuryango kamere w’umuntu. Ntabwo umwana yarara muri rwaserera y’ababyeyi ngo yige neza. Ubwimvikane, ubwuzuzanye, urukundo, ituze, amahoro mu muryango biha umwana urubuga rwiza rwo kwiga. Ibi ngibi rero mu muryango nyarwanda bisa naho byayoyotse, imiryango myinshi ihora mu makimbirane adashira, aturuka ku bintu byinshi birimo ku gucana inyuma kw’abashakanye kubera irari rinyuranye, imicungire y’umutungo w’umuryango itumvikanweho ariko cyane cyane n’imihindukire y’umuryango nyarwanda itewe n’aho isi igeze itumvikana neza. Aha navuga nk’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bwateje ibibazo kubera kumva nabi aya mahame. Gusamarira ibyo imico y’ahandi biturutse ko itumanaho ryatumye isi iba nk’umudugudu. Hari kandi ubukene bukabije mu miryango butuma umwana atabonera ku gihe ibikoresho, ibimutunga, Abanyarwanda nibo bavuze ngo “ikirima ni ikiri mu nda”. Ntiwakwiga neza, ntakiri mu nda, aha tuzi neza ko imibare ya banki y’isi igaragaza u Rwanda mu bihugu 20 bikene cyane ku isi, rukaba rufite 56,6% by’abaturage bari munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene. Abaturage b’u Rwanda, barenga miliyoni 4 barya hamana rimwe ku munsi mu gihe abana 38% bafite ibibazo byo kugwingira. Ubu bukene rero, kutarya, kugwingira bugira izindi ngaruka. Uretse kugwingira ku mubiri, umwana utaritaweho muri ya minsi 1000, agwingira no mu bwonko. Mu muryango ukennye, ugomba kurwana no kubona iby’ibanze, abana nta mwanya babona wo gukora ibyo basabwe ku ishuri n’ibyo akoze ntabibonera umwanya wo kubyitaho (hari babagomba kujya gutashya, kuvoma, ndetse no gukora uturimo tuzanira umuryango amafaranga)
Urugero rufatika:
Ku rwunge rw’amashuri rwa Kanyinya, mu Murenge wa Kanyinya, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, hari abana bazinduka bajya gucuruza imboga mu mujyi wa Kigali i Nyabugogo. Aba bana batema ijoro kuko bava iwabo, iyo za Shyorongi mu masaa sita z’ijoro bakagera Nyabugogo mu masaa kumi n’imwe, bakagurisha. Bagasubira iwabo. Birumvikana ko aba abaraye bataryamye, baba begenze cyane, baba bananiwe. Iyo bari bwige igitondo barasiba, n’abiga ikigoroba nta musaruro, kubera umunaniro.
Ibi byiyongera ko kubera ubwo bukene, abenshi bumva kwiga ntacyo bivuze, bityo abana bakava mu mashuri bakigira muri izo nduruburi bakiri bato. Ntuzatungurwe no kubona, abana bavutse nyuma ya 1994, batazi gusoma.
Ariko ibi byose byabazwa Leta, kuko ariyo yakenesheje umuryango nyarwanda kuko ubukungu bwayo yabugeneye bamwe ibitaho. Ibyo bibazo by’ubukene ntabyo wasanga mu miryango y’Abatutsi, kuko Leta yabashyiriyeho Ikigega cyo kubitaho kuri byose uhereye ku byo kurya, kwambara, aho gutura, kwivuza, kwiga, gucuruza. Mu gihe umuryango munini w’Abanyarwanda w’Abahutu, wajugunywe mu bukene. Abana b’Abahutu biga bajugunyiwe Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu (MINALOC) umwana agahabwa amakayi nayo adahagije abanje gusiragira ku Biro by’Umurenge, mu gihe abana bakomoka mu Miryango y’Abatutsi bahabwa byose. Yewe n’abahungutse batazi icyo Jenoside aricyo biririye kuri icyo kigega kuko cyari kigenewe Abatutsi!
Ibidukikije
Iyo tuvuze ibidukikije duhera aho dutuye. Bityo aho umuntu atuye iyo habaye kure bigira ingaruka mbi ku myigire. Aho atuye ariko hashobora kuba umudugudu ushobora gutuma umwana akunda cyangwa yanga kwiga. Mu Mujyi wa Kigali birazwi ko abana baturuka mu makaritsiye bita “de Bandits”, Kiderenka, Karabaye, Kamenge, Matimba badakunze kubona umwanya wo kwiga kuko ibibakikije bibakururira ahandi nko mu bujura, ubusambanyi, ubusinzi, ibiyobyabwenge.
Hari kandi imyemerere ishobora kubuza umwana kwiga. Hari amadini avuga ko isi igiye kurangira bityo ko abantu batakagombye guta umwanya biga ahubwo bakwiye gusenga kuko ngo mu kujya mu ijuru nta mpamyabumenyi/bushobozi bazabaza.
Abayobozi ku nzego zose, abaturanyi n’umuryango nyarwanda muri rusange ugomba kubera umwana wiga inkingi yo gutera imbere. Umwana akaba uw’umuryango mugari w’Abanyarwanda, umubonye wese mu ikosa akaba yamuhwitura bibaye ngombwa.
Ubushobozi (ibikoresho)
Muri iki gice turareba ibintu byinshi twavugako bitwara ingengo y’imari. Aha turavuga ku bakozi, ku bikoresho binyuranye uhereye ku bikorwaremezo ndetse tuvuge no ku ngenngo y’imari nyirizina.
Abakozi bo mu burezi
Abantu bakora mu burezi ni benshi, ariko turibanda cyane cyane kuri babandi bahura n’umunyeshuri umunsi ku wundi, barya muri rusange twita abarezi. Abo ni Abarimu ndetse n’abayobozi b’ibigo by’amashuri. Bose turabita abarezi muiri rusange.
Abarezi ni ingenzi mu iyubakwa cyangwa isenyuka ry’ireme ry’uburezi. Ubundi baravuga ngo ntawatanga icyo adafite. Mu Rwanda rero kubera imyigire yagiye ihindagurika, turaza kubivugaho, usanga harimo abarezi bamwe na bamwe badafite ubushobozi, ubumenyi n’imyitwarire byakagombye kuranga umurezi. Aha tukaba twavuga ko akenshi ibi bipfira kurushaho mu mitangire y’akazi mu burezi aho usanga ruswa z’ubwoko bwose, ikimenyane bituma abahabwa akazi atari abagashoboye kurusha abandi. Ibi byagaragaye henshi mu Rwanda nk’aho abakozi bo mu Karere ka Kayonza, mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, bose bari bashinzwe ishami ry’uburezi bafashwe bagafungwa kubera ruswa. Aha ngaha rero uburyo bwo gutegura abarezi ndetse no kubashyira mu kazi bigomba gusubirwamo.
Iyo uvuze mwarimu mu Gihugu cy’u Rwanda ubona amasura abiri atandukanye ukurikije amateka yaranze iki igihugu cy’u Rwanda. Mbere ya 1994, ubona mwarimu nk’umukozi wubashywe, wasangiraga na Burugumesitiri, bakabyarana abana muri batisimu. Kuri iyi Ngoma ya FPR-INkotanyi, ubona mwarimu nk’umukozi wagowe usigaye atangwaho ingero ahantu hanyuranye nka nyakugorwa, ufite akazi gaciriritse.
Mu 1990, umwarimu w’amashuri abanza yahembwaga amafaranga 14.896, ayo mafaranga yanganaga n’amadolari 100 kuko idolari ryavunjaga amafaranga y’u Rwanda 150. Bivuga ko ubushobozi bwo guhaha bwa mwarimu bwashoboraga kugura amabati ya Japan 30, kuko ibati ryari amafaranga 500. Iyo umushahara wa mwarimu uzamuka ukurikiye guta agaciro k’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ugereranyije n’idolari ry’amerika, ubu mwarimu yakagombye byibuze gutangira akazi ahembwa ibihumbi hafi 100! Ariko ubu mwarimu arahembwa amafaranga ibumbi 45, biguze amabati 7 gusa! Umunyeshuri wo muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda icyo gihe yahabwaga amafaranga ya buruse 10.400 ku wabaga afite icumbi muri Kaminuza. Ayo mafararanga yanganaga n’amadolari 70, ubu umunyeshuri wa Kaminuza yakagombye kuba ahabwa buruse y’amafaranga 75.000, none abona 45.000. Umukozi wa Komini, urugero nk’umunyamabanga wa Burugumesiitri yahembwaga 13.002, ni ukuvuga ko yahembwana amadolari 86, kuri ubu we yakagombye kuba ahembwa munsi y’ibibumbi 45 bya mwarimu, ariko we ahembwa ibihumbi 170. Ese kuki mwarimu yibagiranye? Ese iki nticyaba ari ikibazo gituma ireme ry’uburezi ridindira? Ni gute koko umwarimu yakwigisha ari kwibaza niba ari burare ariye, ngo yigishe neza; kuko ibihumbi 45 ubijyanye ku isoko nta kivamo! Iyo abantu rero basesenguye byimbitse basanga iki nacyo ari ikibazo cya Leta. Abagera kure bakemeza ko imishahara ya mwarimu idashobora kongerwa kuko 95% by’abarimu ari Abahutu. Ngo Leta y’ubumwe, yanga ko amafaranga menshi yagera ku Bahutu, ngo hato batazabona imisanzu yo guha Abarwnya Leta mu izina ryabo. Ngo Banki y’isi yigeze guteganya umushinga wa gereranya na wa wundi wazahuye ubukungu bw’iBurayi nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi, ukitwa “Gahunda Marshall”(Plan Marshall), gahunda yateguriwe u Rwanda yo yari iyo kuzahura ubuzima bw’abakozi b’ibanze, byakekwaga ko basenyewe amazu kandi bakeneye kongera kubaho. Leta y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yanze uwo mushinga kuko yasanze waba uwo guha abahutu amafaranga, cyane ko icyo gihe bwo hari hakiri intambara y’abacengezi! Igihe mwarimu rero ataritabwaho, nta reme u Rwanda riteze kuzagerwaho.
Inkuru nyazo zandagaza uburezi.
Paul KAGAME i Butare:
Paul Kagame yakugiriye atya ajya gutangiza umwaka w’amashuri muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda. Haba hahubutse inkokobotsi y’umusaza w’umwarimu muri kaminuza, imubaza aho yize kaminuza kuko ngo mu mategeko ya za kaminuza, umuntu utarize kaminuza ataba yemerewe gutangiza umwaka w’amashuri muri kaminuza. Icyo gihe n’umujinya mwinshi Paul KAGAME yavuze ko Yezu ntaho yize ko ariko nta muntu wubahwa cyangwa wigaruriye abantu nkawe. Agerekaho ko kwiga bitabuza umuntu kuba injiji. Iryo jambo ryahaye umwanya abantu batize, gutangira gusuzugura kwiga. Ntiyagarukiye aho yakoze ibintu bitatu bikomeye:
Ubwicanyi:
Wa Musaza w’umwarimu wabajije icyo kibazo, bwarakeye basanga yapfiriye iwe, yegerejwe imbabura. Ubwo urupfu rwitirirwa kubura umwuka
Guhana abanyeshuri:
Abanyeshuri bose ba Kaminuza bapakiwe amabisi bajya gukubitwa mu byo yari yavuze ko we yise kwandikisha ikaramu ndende, ni ukuvuga karachinikov. Abanyeshuri baguye muri iyo myitozo ya gisirikare, bakubitwa batukwa ngo basuzuye Paul Kagame ntibagira ingano
Gusenya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda:
icyo gihe Paul KAGAME, yahise yohereza Prof. KARANGWA Chrysologue kujya kuyobora Kaminuza, atumwa gukora amavugurura. Ng’uko uko abarimu bari bamaze imyaka bigisha Kaminuza birukanwe ngo ntibazi icyongereza. Abo basaza, batari bafite imitungo, kuko kuba mwarimu mu Rwanda ni ukurongora ubukene, bazerereye muri Kaminuza zigenga, uwo bapfuye imbabazi bakamuha udusaha two kwigisha ariko bakamusaba kutazahingutsa aho ivogonyo nk’iryo bagaragaje i Butare. Bategtswe kujya batanga amanota menshi. Ng’uko uko Kaminuza y’u Rwanda yarizwi gutanga uburezi bufite ireme yahindutse igicupuri buhoro buhoro ku mabwiriza ya Paul kagame
Gutekenika:
Hari igihe hakozwe ibizamini, maze ya mashuri y’imyaka 12 (12YBE) u Rwanda rurata ngo rwegereje abaturage, haburamo umunyeshuri n’umwe utsinda mu Karere kamwe ka Kigali. Icyakozwe ni uko amanota yahinduwe mbere y’uko atangazwa kugira ngo Leta y’u Rwanda idaseba. Ibyo ariko byakozwe abadiregiteri b’Ibigo bya 12 batumweho, batutswe bikomeye.
Ibikoresho:
Iyo tuvuze kuburezi mu Rwanda no ku bikoresho by’uburezi, abantu benshi bahita bumva ibikorwa remezo cyane cyane amashuri, kuko nayo burya agira uruhare mu gutuma umwana yiga neza. Ubucucike ubwabwo bushobora gutuma umwana yiga nabi. Urumuri ruke mu ishuri rushobora gutuma kwiga bitagenda neza. Ariko hari byinshi abantu badatekerezaho. Ese baba biga biga iki, bakoresha iki? Iki ni ikibazo kizwi na mwarimu n’umunyeshuri Integanyanyigisho n’imfashanyigisho
Ikibazo cy’imfashanyigisho n’integanyanyigisho:
Iyo urebye uko abarimu bigisha cyangwa abanyeshuri biga, usanga biteye agahinda n’akababaro. Integanyanyigisho (curricula), zishobora gusohoka ariko ntizisohokane n’imfashanyigisho. Icyo gihe mwarimu n’umunyeshuri birwanaho. Iyo kandi urebye integanyanyigisho usanga zikorwa ku buryo zidahuye n’uwo ziba ziteganyirijwe. Mu minsi yashize umwarimu wigisha Igifaransa yanteye urwenya rukomeye. Yagombaga kwigisha isomo ry’Igifarans mu mwaka wa 4 w’amashuri yisimbuye y’imyuga mu ishami rya bizinesi. Yafashe integanyanyigisho yirwanaho arategura, ategura nta mfashanyigisho, ariko ategura isomo. Yinjiye mu ishuri abaza abana kwivuga mu gifaransa, abana nta numwe wabikoze, amatsiko amuteye abaza inyuguti zigize urwo rurimi bari bavuze ko agomba kubumvisha utuganiro, bakavuga ibyo bumvishe. Umuyeshuri w’umuhanga muribo ntabwo yamenye inyuguti z’igifaransa.
Iyo nteganyanyigisho ikorwa igahere iyo ku rwego uwo iteganyirizwa ariho imaze iki? Niho hava ko ishuri ryose ritsindwa, mwarimu agasabwa kongera amanota, ubwo umwana akimukana amanota adahuye na busa n’ubumenyi afite. Nyuma y’imyaka itanu uzahura n’uwo mwana ntacyo azi.
Ku mfashanyigisho byo birazwi cyane rwose ko hari izisohoka noneho zigasanga integanyanyigisho zakorewe yaravuyeho. Iyo usuye ibigo by’amashuri bakwereka umurundo w’ibitabo batigeze bakoresha, Leta yohereje curricula izi neza ko bitazakoreshwa. Ibyo bitabo biba byaratanzweho amamiriyari utabarura. Aha hari ipfundo rikomeye ry’ireme ry’uburezi.
Ubushobozi bw’imari
Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ushinzwe Uburezi n’Umuco, UNESCO, usaba ko buri gihugu byibuze cyashyira 8% by’ingengo y’imari yabyo mu burezi. Ibi kuba ari ukugira ngo igihugu kibashe kutuma uburezi bubona abarezi nyabo n’ibikoresho bigezweho bitari nka za laptop z’abana zazanjwe mu Rwanda, zidafite aho gushyira Flash Disk, ahubwo zifite aho gushyira disquette kandi icyo gikoresho kitagikorwa! Mu byo UNESCO isaba, harimo no guha abarimu imishahara myiza, ariko nk’uko rwabikomojeho, umwarimu mu Rwanda ni nk’umukorerabushake. Hari umuyobozi wigeze kubwira urubyruko, mu biganiro ko akazi k’ubwarimu karutwa n’ako gucuruza amagi cyangwa ubunyobwa ku isahani! Kuko ucuruza amagi ashobora kunguka buri munsi ibihumbi bibiri, bingana n’ibihumbi 60 ku kwezi, mu gihe mwarimu wirirwa asakuza ahembwa ibihumbi 45 gusa. Nyamara mwarimu akazi ke ntikagira ikiruhuko kuko iyo Atari mu ishuri, aba akosora cyangwa ategura amasomo.
Abakora mu bwarimu
Kubera ko akazi k’ubwarimu kadahemba neza, abagakora ni ababuze ibindi bakora. Abahanga bose bigira mu bindi maze, mwarimu agasigara ari wa wundi wabuze icyo akora, uhora mu bizamini bya buri munsi ngo arebe ko yakira uwo muruho. Umukozi nk’uwo ntabwo wamutegaho umusaruro wundi uretse nyine uwaturutse muri iyo mihangayiko yose. Hari inkuru yigeze kuvugwa mu Rwanda y’umwarimu wari umaze imyaka 37 yigisha kandi afite impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza. Byavugwaga ko amaze iyo myaka yose yayimaze mu bukode ko agiye kuzasezererwa atarabashije no kurundarunda akaruri k’amasaziro.
Politiki y’uburezi
Reka nkore iriburiro kuri iki gice ntanga agakuru gasekeje. Mu 2004, umuntu yagiye kugura ibikoresho byo kwakira amashusho kuri TELE 10, umuntu yagezeyo yakirwa n’abakobwa babiri ababwira ibyo aje kugura barabishaka ariko bigeze mu gihe cyo gukora inyemezabwishyu barasigana, babura uko bayikora, nyamara bari bavuye kwiga muri kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali ULK; nyuma ngo haje umugabo wari ubakuriye afata umukiriya ajya kumukorera iyo nyemezabwishyu. Uwo mugabo yari afite amashuri atandatu mu ishami ry’ubukungu. Niwe wabwiye umukiriya iby’abo bakobwa. Umukoresha wabo bantu ntiyari ayobewe ko abo bakobwa bafite impamyabishobozi za Kaminuza, ngo umwe amugire ukuriya icyo gice gishinzwe ubucuruzi. Kuki rero byari bimeze gutyo? Ni byo tugiye kurebe muri iki gice kigaragaza ibyemezo bya politiki byazambije uburezi bw’u Rwanda ku buryo abanyarwanda bose bari bakwiye guhaguruka bakayibaza impamvu irikwica abana bayo mu gihe abana b’abayobozi bo biyigira mu mashuri akomeye
Ikosa rya mbere rikomeye: Uburezi kuri bose
Mbere y’ubu butegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi, mu Rwanda hari Politiki y’uburezi itajegajega, yari igamije koko guha umunyeshuri ubwenge, ku buryo ibihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda rwose byari bizi ko mu Rwanda hari uburezi. Abaganda bari baziko Abanyarwanda ku mibare n’ibindi byitwa siyansi ari abahanga cyane. Sisitemu yariho yagenderaga ku Bubiligi na Kanada. Izo sisitemu z’ibyo bihugu byombi zitwa sisitemu so kurema intiti (Systeme élitiste). Ibi ntibivuga ko ibi bihugu bidafite abantu benshi bize cyangwa ngo abaswa badashoboye kwiga igihe kirekore bajugunywa. Bagira amashuri yabo amara igihe gito, umuntu akiga umwuga umutunze, atari ngombwa kumara imyaka itandatu yose. Muri ibyo bihugu icyo bitaho ni ukugira abarimu b’abahanga, abo bahanga bakazakora abandi bahanga. Abadashoboye kwiga, bagashyirirwaho amashuri y’ihige gito. Aha niho Leta ya FRP-Inkotanyi yibeshye maze yumva ko umwana wese ashoboye kwiga amashuri atandatu, akajya kaminuza. Nibwo hagiyeho ibyiswe uburezi kuri bose. Ubwo burezi kuri bose, rwazanye n’uruvangavange rw’ibintu byinshi byatumye koko uburezi bw’u Rwanda buba “agatogo”. Nyamara hari n’ababaye Abaminisitiri n’ubu bakiri abayobozi bize muri sisitemu ya mbere ya Leta y’a FPR-Inkotanyi. Hari nka MUJAWAMARIYA Jeanne d’Arc yize mu Rwanda, Dr. Vincent BIRUTA… Kuki batabonaga ko sistemu y’uburezi ababaga bakuriye ipfuye?
Imitangire y’amanota no kwimura bose
Hamaze gucibwa iteka ko uburezi ari ubwa bose, hatekerejwe uburyo abo bose bashorerwa mpaka barangjie amashuri yisumbuye. Nibwo hajeho uburyo bushya bwo gutanga amanota, aho umarimu agomba kubaza ku buryo abanyeshuri bose batsinda. Ibyo ntibarekeye aho, basabye ko neneho n’abatsinzwe, ni ukuvuga abagize amanota ari munsi ya 50%, nabo bashobora kwimuka. Aha habonetse ingaruka zikomeye cyane. Umwana yigaga ntabyo yitayeho kuko yari azi neza ko nubwo yatsindwa azimuka. Aha ikintu cyaheshaga umwana wa kera icyubahiro kiba gitaye agaciro. Umwarimu nawe bari bamutesheje gaciro kuko umwana aba aziko mwarimu bazamutegeka kumwongerera amanota cyangwa se nubwo yatsindwa akazimuka, ngiryo ishyano ryaguye bwa mbere. Twibutseko mbere ya 1990, umunyeshuri atashoboraga kwimuka hari amasomo arenze abiri mu masomo ajyanye n’ibyo yiga yatsinzwe n’ubwo yabaga afite na 60%. Yarasibiraga ufite amanota ari munsi ya 60%, ariko watsinze byose akimuka. Njya kwiga muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, muri 1992 nasanze mu mwaka wa mbere umuntu wari wasibijwe n’amasomo abiri gusa, ariko rimwe muri iryo ryari ryakuweho. Kwimukana isomo watsinzwe muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda byasabaga kuba ufite byibuze 12/20 kandi iryo somo rikaba ritarengeje amakeredi 2, nabwo wagizemo byibuze 8/20, bitaba ibyo warasibiraga. Uwashaka kumenya ukuri kuri ibi yabaza urubanza rwa Mwarimu RWASUBUTARE Jean Bosco n’Umunyeshuri NGOBOKA Jean Paul. Isomo ry’amakeredi 2 ryatumye asabwa gusibira mu mwaka wa nyuma wa Kaminuza y’u Rwanda i Nyakinama amwigizaho nkana kubera ikibazo cy’amoko. Yarasibiye kubera isomo rimwe, dore ko yari yararangije no gusobanura igitabo (Défense de la mémoire), akabonamo amanota menshi cyane. Ubu ubikoze byakwitwa ukundi. Ubu umuntu yimukana amasomo akajya asubira inyuma kuyakora!
Amasegisiyo uruhuri
Mu rwego rwo kujijisha no kugaragaza ko ahari ikiri gukorwa, mu Rwanda haje ibyigwa (sections), twavuga ko ntacyo zimaze uretse gukangaranya abantu gusa. Uwayavuga ntiyabona aho ayandika. Uyu munsi iki kikaba cyaje, ejo bakakivanaho. Ibi byatumye abantu barangiza amashuri yisumbuye nta kintu kizima wamubaza gukora ngo akikwereke. Kuri aya masegisiyo, hiyongeyeho kwa kwiga abana bataha iwabo, mu mashuri yiswe Imyaka 12 y’ibanze(12YBE). Iyi myaka yabaye indiri y’ubuswa kuko ku ikubitiro nta barimu bari bahari, abarimu bigishaga amashuri abanza bamwe bahise batangira kwigishamo mu gihe vuba na bwangu Kaminuza yaririrmo gukora abarimu bafite impamyabushobozi y’urwego rwa mbere rwa kaminuza. Nk’uko nabikomojeho, mu bizamini bya Leta bitangwa harangiye icyiciro iki n’iki, hari amashuri yashobora kutagira n’umunyeshuri n’umwe watsinze. Njye ubwanjye ubabwira, muri 2016 nafashe urutonde rw’abanyeshuri bagera kuri 240 b’Ikigo cyitwa Nyamugari mu Karere ka Ngoma, nsanga nta munyeshuri n’umwe watsinze ngo agire amanota yazamujyana mu mashuri yandi atari aya 12YBE. Abana nabo bigaga icyo gihe muri ibyo bigo bigaga bazi ko ari abo mu rwego rwa nyuma, bakajyayo ari ukugira ngo ababyeyi babo badahanwa. Abo bana usanga barangije amashuri yisumbuye atazi no kwandika. Ngabo abo Leta y’u Rwanda yikirigita igaseka ngo ifite abantu bize kandi batashobora no kwandika ibaruwa isaba akazi! Ngabo abashomeri Leta ivuga ko ifte nyamara n’uwahimba akazi akaba atamenya ako abahimbira.
Kwiga icyongereza
Icyemezo cyaje gisonga umupfu wari ugisambagurika, ni icyemezo cyo kwigisha mu rurimi rw’icyongereza. Ni icyemezo gihubukiyeho kuko ingaruka zacyo zizashira nka nyuma y’imyaka 50. Icyambere umuntu yavuga ako ari icyemezo gicuritse, ntabwo washyiraho kwigihsa mu cyongereza, uwo usaba kucyigishamo atazi na mwaramutse mu cyongereza? Ubusanzwe hagombaga kubanza guhugura abarimu, nyuma bamaze kugira icyo bamenya, bakabona ubushyiraho kucyigamo.. Bivuga ko abarimu bashyiriweho amahugurwa ari nako baswaba kuza guhita wigisha. Ibi byageze muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda bihateza akavuyo; nyamara bo bari barabanje gushakisha igisubizo bashyiraho ishuri ry’indimi. ugiye muri Kaminuza z’u Rwanda yanyuragamo. Ako benshi bagashimira Minitiri MULIGANDE dore ko abanyarwenya icyo cyiciro cyo kwiga indimi cyitwaga EPLM, bakibyiriye “Ecole Primaire Libre de Muligande”. Nubwo wumvako cyari gisuzuguwe byibuze cyari igisubizo cyiza cyashoboraga gutuma u rwanda rukomeza kugira abo barimu b’intiti bize mu Gifaransa, ab’icyongereza bakaziramo maze u Rwanda rukagira intiti zisohoka muri kaminuza zivuga izo ndimi zombi. Icyabaye ni uko abarimu batirukanywe, bahawe amahugurwa y’icyongereza, ariko iyo urebye, kimwe na bagenzi babo bo mu mashuri yisumbuye, biyigishiriza mu Kinyarwanda!
Gutesha agaciro amashuri
Mbere y’uko Paul KAGAME atesha agaciro Kminuza y’u Rwanda, yita abarimu baho injiji bugacya yoherezayo Prof KARWANGWA Chrysologue kwirukana Intiti zarimo zikoresha igifaransa zikabeshyerwa ko zishaje, Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, cyane cyane Ishami rya Butare, yarubahwaga cyane yemwe no mu zindi kamiza za Leta nka KIE na KIST. Ku buryo abanyeshuri bigaga KIE na KIST rwose bafataga UNR, nka bakuru babo. Kaminuza zigenga zo zari zarakuye ingofero ariko Politiki yo kwirukana, abarimu bakoze muri sistemu za kera byatumye Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ita agaciro mu gihe hari kuza izo mu mahanga zikomeye zigwamo n’abana bakomeye. Izo Kaminuza ni nka University of Global Health Equity I Butaro, Carnegie Mellon Uviersity in Rwanda. Nyamara mbere abana ba Minisitiri bahuriraga n’abana bikuriye mu cyaro hasi muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda i Butare cyangwa I Nyakinama bakigana, bakabana mu macumbi amwe. Ibyo byatumaga basangira no kumenya isura y’Igihugu bari kwitegura gukorera, ibyo bikavamo no kunga ubumwe ariko ubu harimo haravuka itandukaniro u myigira y’abana b’u Rwanda, ubwo no mu bana b’u Rwanda, ku buryo mu minsi iri imbere hari diporome zitazajya zihabwa akazi kubera ko zatanzwe na Kaminuza zitazwi. Gutanya Abanyarwanda kurenze uko ni ukuhe?
Minisiteri utamenya umubare w’abaminisitiri
Kimwe mu bindi bintu bituma ireme ry’uburezi ritakara ni imicumgire y’iyi Minisiteri. Minisiteri y’uburezi niyo Minisiteri idashobora gusigara iyo habaye impinduka muri guverinoma, kubera akajagari kenshi kugeza ubwo noneho na Perezida Paul KAGAME, atabyihanganira akabaza abayoboraga iyo minisiteri imikorere yabo. Ubwo ni ejobundi muri 2017, ubwo yayoborwaga na Papias Musafiri MALIMBA muri 2017, byagaragaraga ko we n’Abanyamabanga ba Leta babiri baba muri iyo Minisiteri, ushinzwe amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye n’ushinzwe ubumenyingiro badashyira hamwe. Nyuma ya Papias MALIMBA haje Dr. Eugene MUTIMURA, guhera mu mpera za Gashyantare 2020, ubu hari Dr. Valentine UWAMARIYA. Ni umwitozo ukomeye kuba wamenya abaminisitiri bose basimburanye muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi ariko barenga 15. Urebye buri minisitiri azana agashya ke, noneho kukumvihanaho n’abanyamabanga babiri iyo minisiteri igira, akenshi bikananirana.
Ingaruka zo gutakara kw’ireme ry’uburezi ni nyinshi cyane, haba ku barerwa, ku miryango yabo, ku muryango nyarwanda muri rusange. Igihugu ntabwo cyatera imbere neza kandi vuba kidafite abahanga benshi, kidafite abayobozi barezwe cyangwa bize neza, kidafite abashakashatsi, kidafite abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhagije. Hari imirimo iboneka mu gihugu igakorwa n’abanyamahanga, kubera ko nta bumenyi n’abahanga bihagije dufite. Ibigo byinshi nk’Ikigo cy’ingufu(REG) gikoresha ibiro by’abikorera cyane (Consultance), ukaba wakeka ko nta bakozi gifite. Barimo ariko ntibashaka gukora cyangwa ntibazi icyo gukora. Ibyo byose rero bituma hari amafaranga menshi asohoka, hari nk’agura ibikoresho twakagombye kuba twikorera hano iwacu, ariko nta bumenyi buhagije dufite. Itakara ry’ireme ry’uburezi rizatera igihugu kugira abashomeri benshi. Urugero rufatika ni urwa Minisiteri y’uburezi ubwayo yatanze ibizamini ku bapiganira imyanya mu burezi. Minisiteri yasanze 85% batsinzwe, bibuze ko nta bumenyi n’ubushobozi bari bafite. Ariko byarangiye bahumirije babashyira mu kazi: ni ugufata impunyi ngo iyobore indi, zose zirangirira mu rwobo. Ngaho aho ikibazo cy’ireme ry’uburezi kirimo kiganisha igihugu cy’u Rwanda, abantu benshi bize ni byiza, ariko abo bantu bize nta bumenyi ni umutwaro ku gihugu no kuri bo ubwabo. Ibyo ni byo bigiye kubyara ubushomeri ku bantu biyita ko bize, kandi ubushomeri bubyara ibintu bibi gusa harimo ubujura, uwambuzi, uburaya,ubwonazi, ubusinzi. Abo bantu ariko kandi ni pepiniyeri yo kuvanamo abarakare bashobora no kuvamo abanzi b’igihugu.
Umwanzuro
Muri rusange uburezi bw’u Rwanda bwarazambye, ireme ryarapfuye kandi ibyo byose bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku muryango nyarwanda no ku gihugu ubwacyo. Uhereye mu muryango kubera ibibazo byamunze umuryango nyarwanda birimo amakimbiranye anyuranye, ubukene, abana ntibatekanye bityo ngo bige batuje. Iyo bageze ku ishuri ibibazo biriyongera kuko akenshi bigishwa n’abarimu nabo badafite ubuhanga nyabwo bitewe n’uko bize nabi cyangwa uburyo bahawemo akazi ari ikimenyane. Mwarimu kandi ntabwo ashishikariye umurimo we kubera ko, mwarimu wahoze asangira na Burugumesitiri, bakabyarana abana muri batisimu, ubu ntiyakandagira ahi meya yicaye kuko ubu umushahara we usigaye ugereranywa n’uw’abacuruza ubunyobwa, mwarimu ntiyishimye. Iyo agiye kwigisha bwo asanga integanyanyigisha zihabanye n’ubumenyi bw’abana, agategekwa ahubwo gutanga amanota y’ubusa. Umwana w’ubu ashobora kurangiza kwiga atabonye ku gitabo cy’imfashanyigisho cyangwa igitabo kimugeraho kikaza impitagihe integanyanyigisho yacyo yarahise kera.
Ibi byose ariko usanga byarazambijwe na politiki yo kwiga kuri bose yazanywe n’ubutegestsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi kuko mbere mu Rwanda hari sisitemu yo kwiga yaremaga intiti nyazo, zikabonerwa n’akazi. Amavugurura anyuranye ajyanye n’imyimukire y’abana, aho kwimuka amanota atitabwaho byatumye abana bumva amanota ntacyo avuze, akabona yakwiga atakwiga n’ubundi azimuka. Nyamara ibyo byose byo kuzambya uburezi bw’u Rwanda biba mu gihe Igihugu cyafunguriye amarembo kaminuza zikomeye zo hanze. Izi kaminuza zihenze zigwamo n’abana b’abifite. Ng’uko uko hagati y’Abana b’u Rwanda hagiye kuzamo urundi rwobo rubatandukanya.
Leta y’u Rwanda yarikwiye kwicaza abahanga bayo mu burezi, abo baminisitiri bayoboye iriya minisiteri, dore ko ari benshi cyane bakabashyira ahantu, nka cya gihe cy’ibiganiro byo muri Village Urugwiro n’ubwo ibyavuyemo bitakurikijwe, maze bakavugutira umuti ikibazo cy’uburezi bw’u Rwanda, bamwe bwagiye butakariza ireme mu biganza byabo.
