Sisi Evariste azabara iyihe nkuru ku Rwanda asize inyuma ?

Ku myaka 81 y’amavuko yaragezeho Sisi Evarisiti ni umwe mu banyarwanda batabwirwaga amateka y’u Rwanda nk’inkuru zo mu bitabo kuko we ubwe ni igihamya cy’ibivugwa muri ayo mateka. Ni byo tugiye kureba muri iyi nyandiko twateguye tugamije kubabwira iby’ingenzi byaranze uyu mubyeyi kuri bamwe, iyi nshuti ku bandi, uyu musangirangendo kubo dusangiye ubuhunzi, watabarutse tariki ya 23 werurwe 2021.

Umunyamakuru w’Ikondera wamusanze mu Buholandi aho yaramaze imyaka 18 yibera mu buhungiro yaramubajije ati : iwanyu kavukire ni hehe ? Undi abanza gusa n’uhibagiwe gato ariko arahibuka. Ati ni mu Ruhengeri, muri komini yitwaga Nyamutera. Ni hafi y’ikibaya cyari cyubatsemo kaminuza y’i Nyakinama. Ubu habaye ikigo kigisha ibya gisilikare.

Sisi Evariste ni mwene Magwigwi Claudien, akaba umunyiginya w’umusharangabo. Ni ukuvuga ko akomoka kuri Sharangabo, mwene Rwabugiri. Ririya zina rya Sisi rikomoka ku mwamikazi wabaye muri Autriche mu kinyejana cya 19 ariko yaje kuba ikirangirire mu mateka ya vuba kubera filime yamukozweho nka kuriya bakoze filime kuri Rusesabagina. Filime yitwa Sissi impératrice yakinwe n’umugore mwiza witwaga Romy Schneider ikaba yarasohotse mu w’1956. Icyo gihe Sisi Evarisiti yarafite imyaka 16 y’amavuko kuko yavutse tariki ya 17 werurwe 1940. Umubyeyi we yarajijutse, azi amazina y’abami n’ibikomangoma, atoranyamo iryo yita umwana we. Byari nko guca amarenga ko uwo mwana avuka mu muryango w’abami n’ibikomangoma. Byongeye kandi uriya mwamikazi Sissi yishwe mu w’1898. Icyo gihe mu Rwanda abanyiginya begereye ingoma barimo guhigwa bukware, bakorerwa itsembatsemba, nyuma y’uko umwami Rutarindwa atwikirwa mu nzu agasimburwa na Musinga mu mpera z’umwaka w’1896.

Sisi Evaristi yari umusore w’imyaka 19 ubwo mu Rwanda habaye icyo mu mateka bise « Revolisiyo » yo muri 1959. Icyo gihe abatutsi bari mu gihugu hafi ya bose bahuye n’uruva gusenya, bamwe baricwa, abandi barahunga, naho abasigaye mu gihugu babaho mu bwoba bwinshi, kandi ni mu gihe kuko igihe cyose habaga ibitero by’inyenzi (ni ukuvuga inyeshyamba zikomoka ku bahunze babaga barimo kugerageza kugaruka ku ngufu, bashaka no guhirika ubutegetsi bwashyizweho na revolisiyo), byagiraga ingaruka kuri abo basigaye mu gihugu, bamwe bakicwa cyangwa bagafungwa, bavuga ko ari ibyitso. Sisi Evarisiti yatangaje ko ibibazo byariho icyo gihe byatumye ahagarika ibyo yarimo byo kwitegura kuba umupadiri, cyokora aza kugira amahirwe, abifashijwemo n’umupadiri witwa Matiyasi Nturo, abona akazi gakomeye muri leta kuko yagizwe umugenzuzi w’imisoro muri minisiteri y’imari. Ako kazi ntabwo yagatinzeho kuko hagati aho inyenzi zarateye (mu w’1966) ahita afatwa mu byitso ajya gufungirwa mu Bugesera. Nyuma y’igihe gito yarafunguwe ariko yirukanwa mu bakozi ba leta. Guhera ubwo yatangiye kumenya kwirwanaho, yikorera ku giti cye, abifatanya no kwiga comptabilité. Mu mvururu zo mu w’1973 zasaga n’izitegura kudeta yabaye muri uwo mwaka nabwo Sisi Evarisiti yongeye gufatwa, noneho afungirwa muri gereza yiswe 1930. Ku bw’amahirwe ngo yaje gufungurwa nyuma y’igihe gito, ndetse bigiye kuba byiza ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwagiyeho tariki ya 5 nyakanga 1973 butanga ihumure ku batutsi.

Mu myaka 17 iryo humure ryamaze Sisi Evarisiti yaracuruje arunguka, ashinga icapiro ryamenyekanye cyane ku izina rya Etablissements SIEVA. Ni nacyo gihe abandi bacuruzi bakomeye b’abatutsi nka Rwigara Assinapol, Kajeguhakwa Valens, Sakumi Anselme, Rubangura Védaste,n’abandi, bagize imari nyinshi babikesha umwete wabo n’ubuhanga mu gucuruza ariko no mu buryo bwa politiki bashyigikiwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana. Ihumure ryaje kurangira tariki ya mbere ukuboza 1990 kubera intambara yatangijwe na FPR Inkotanyi. Tariki ya 2 ukuboza Sisi Evarisiti

yongeye gufatwa noneho ajyanwa muri gereza ya Ruhengeri. Kuri radiyo Rwanda no mu binyamakuru by’icyo gihe yasaga n’aho ariwe mukuru mu byitso bya FPR byari mu gihugu. Havugwaga ko mu icapiro rye hakozwe indangamuntu zitwa modèle 4, ngo zagombaga guhabwa inyeshyamba za FPR zikinjira mu gihugu zigaragara nk’abaturage basanzwe, ubundi zikazafata igihugu bitazigoye. Ni amagambo yavugwaga nta kimenyetso na kimwe kibihamya. Ndetse n’izo ndangamuntu za modèle 4 nta muntu n’umwe wigeze azifatanwa. Cyokora birumvikana ko amagambo nk’ayo uwariwe wese yavugwaho bitabura kumuhungabanya cyangwa kumuhungeta. Inkubiri yo guhiga ibyitso yaje gucogora ndetse ibyitso byose birafungurwa biturutse ahanini ku ruhare rw’ibihugu by’amahanga n’imiryango y’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu.

Muri cya kiganiro yagiranye n’Ikondera Sisi Evarisite avuga ukuntu yavuye muri gereza hagati mu w’1991 agasanga icapiro rye rigikora, bityo agakomeza imirimo ye. Ndetse ngo yaje no kujya mu imurikagurisha yerekana ibikorwa bye aza gusurwa na Perezida Habyarimana wahise amubwira ati nyereka modèle 4. Sisi yaramubajije ati ahubwo Nyakubahwa ni mwebwe mwari mukwiye kuyinyereka kuko jyewe ntayo nzi. Birumvikana ko na Habyarimana ntayo yarafite yo kumwereka. Nyuma y’igihe gito Mugenzi Yusitini nawe wari umucuruzi yashatse gushinga ishyaka PL ajya kureba Sisi Evarisiti babiganiraho bavuga ko ari ishyaka rigomba kurengera inyungu z’abacuruzi n’abikorera ku giti cyabo. Iryo shyaka ryaje kugira abayoboke hafi ya bose b’abatutsi bitewe n’ariya mateka ya Sisi Evarisiti, hiyongereyeho uruhare rukomeye rw’undi mucuruzi witwaga Ndasingwa Landoald ndetse n’urw’umunyamakuru witwaga Andereya Kameya wagaragaye nk’umuvugizi w’abatutsi mu kinyamakuru cye cyitwaga Rwanda Rushya. Ishyaka PL ryaje kuba rimwe mu mashyaka yarafite abayoboke benshi ku buryo mu myigaragambyo yo guhangana n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana ryari rihagaze neza. Umuyobozi waryo, Mugenzi Yusitini, nawe yari umunyapolitiki uzwiho kugira ijambo rityaye. Mu w’1993, Sisi Evarisiti yaje kubwirwa ko hashobora kuba hari umugambi wo kumwivugana (ni muri uwo mwaka Emmanuel Gapyisi wo muri MDR yishwe) noneho afata icyemezo cyo guhungira i Burundi. Jenoside yakurikiye iraswa ry’indege ya Habyarimana yabaye adahari, nguko uko yayirokotse. Cyokora umugore we n’abakobwa be babiri biciwe i Nyamirambo aho bari batuye. Ubwo ntituvuze n’abandi benshi bo mu muryango we cyangwa inshuti, ndetse n’abayoboke ba PL bamwibonagamo.

Muri gicurasi 1994, inkotanyi zari zarafashe igice kinini cy’u Rwanda, cyane cyane perefegitura ya Byumba na Kibungo, igice kinini cya Kigali ngari, igice cya Ruhengeri ndetse n’igice cya Gitarama. Icyo gihe zimwe mu mpunzi z’abatutsi zari i Burundi zatangiye gutaha zinyuze iyo mu Bugesera. Sisi Evarisite avuga ko Paul Kagame bitaga icyo gihe Afandi PC yabakiriye aho mu Bugesera, bakaganira. Nk’umuntu wumvaga afite ijambo ryakumvikana urebye amateka ye n’ibibazo igihugu cyarimo yaratinyutse abwira Kagame ati buriya ni wowe ugomba gufata iya mbere ugaha ihumure abatsinzwe. Arongera aramubwira ati ibyo mudusaba byo gufata amasambu n’imitungo y’abahunze bizatera ibindi bibazo kuko binyuranye n’amategeko. Ibyo byose ni Sisi Evarisiti wabibwiye umunyamakuru w’Ikondera wari wamusanze mu Buholandi agiye kumubaza ku birebana n’urupfu rwa Assinapol Rwigara. Muri icyo kiganiro kiri kuri You Tube Sisi Evarisiti yabaye nk’usobanura ko amarorerway’ubutegetsi bwa FPR aboneka ubu ngubu atarimo kumutangaza kuko imiterere yabwo yayibonye rugikubita kandi agerageza gutanga umuganda we uko yarashoboye. Nyuma y’insinzi ya FPR yasubukuye imirimo ye y’ubucuruzi yongeraho n’ubudepite mu nteko ishinga amategeko aho yayoboye bagenzi be bari bahagarariye ishyaka PL. Ntabwo byatinze yaje kunaniranwa na FPR ndetse amenya ko yari mu bashoroga kwicwa ahitamo gukiza amagara ye. Yavuye mu Rwanda tariki ya 2 gashyantare 2000 yerekeza iya Bugande, ageze i Kampala atumaho umuryango we umusangayo. Ubutegetsi bw’i Kigali aho kugira buti uriya muntu yanyuze mu mateka akomeye azira kuba ari umututsi, reka tumwegere tumugushe neza agaruke kuko byadufasha no kunga umuryango nyarwanda, buhitamo kumushyira ku rutonde rw’abo bwita « inyangarwanda ». Nguko uko Sisi Evarisiti nawe yabibonye atyo aho gushaka uko yasubira mu rwamubyaye ahubwo ashaka uko aruhungira kure. HCR yabimufashijemo imujyana mu Buholandi aho yageze tariki ya 12 gashyantare 2003.

Ngayo amateka ya Sisi Evarisiti. Ntabwo ari ay’umuntu gusa kuko urebye ni ay’igihugu cyacu. Ni amateka ahindura umuntu icyitso, agafungwa, yafungurwa akongera agafungwa, nk’urugi. Ni amateka yo kuzira umuryango uvukamo, ukazira isura yawe, ukazira indeshyo yawe, ukazira abo muvugana n’abo musangira, ukazira umutungo wawe. Ni amateka y’igitugu gisimburwa n’ikindi, wahonyorwa n’uwa mbere uwa kabiri akaza aguhuhura. Ni amateka y’abatutsi bibeshye ko FPR izababohora ahubwo ikabicisha, abandi ikabiyicira, ababishoboye bagakizwa no kuyihungira kure. Ni amateka y’ubutegetsi bw’abahutu butahumurije abatutsi uko bikwiye, n’ugerageje gutanga ihumure akagamburuzwa n’intambara yibeshya ko arimo guca intege abamuteye. Ayo niyo makuru ashyushye Sisi Evarisiti azabwira Andereya Kameya na Landuald Ndasingwa aho azabasanga mu ijuru. Azababwira ko inkotanyi yabonye atari izo bari bategereje. Azababwira ko igitugu cya bamwe ari kimwe n’igitugu cy’abandi. Azabwira ko abanyarwanda asize inyuma banyotewe cyane n’indi mpinduka.

Reka dusoze dufata mu mugongo umuryango wa Nyakwigendera, cyane cyane umugore we, Mukashema Espérance bashakanye nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Uyu mudamu azwiho nawe ubutwari bukomeye mu kuba yarahagurukiye kurwanya ingoma y’igitugu yamwiciye umwana ari nako yahekuraga abandi banyarwanda. Abafaransa baravuga ngo inyuma y’umugabo w’igihangange haba hari umugore nawe w’igihangange. No kwa Sisi Evarisiti niko byari byifashe.

Abifuza gutera inkunga umuryango wa Nyakwigendera Sisi Evariste mu gikorwa cyo kumushyingura bakoresha uyu mushumi:

Bruxelles, le 25/03/2021

Nkuliyingoma Jean Baptiste