Yanditswe na Arnold Gakuba
Iyi nyandiko ishingiye ku bitekerezo bya Edward Clay (yatangaje ku ya 22 Werurwe 2021) ashingiye ku gitabo cya Michela Wrong cyitwa mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza ngo “Do Not Disturb: The Story of a Political Murder and an African Regime Gone Bad” bishatse kuvuga ngo “Ntugahungabanye: Inkuru y’ubwicanyi bwa politiki n’ubutegetsi bwa Afurika bwitwaye nabi”, kikaba kizashyirwa ahagaragara ku ya 30 Werurwe 2021.
Edward Clay (wavutse ku ya 21 Nyakanga 1945) ni umudipolomate w’Ubwongereza uri mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, yakoze cyane mu bihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (u Rwanda, u Burundi, Kenya na Uganda) nka Komiseri Mukuru n’ambasaderi utahatuye. Ku rundi ruhande, Michela Wrong (wavutse muri 1961) ni umunyamakuru w’umwongereza akaba n’umwanditsi umaze imyaka itandatu ari umunyamakuru mpuzamahanga ukurikirana ibyabaye ku mugabane w’Afurika kuri Reuters, BBC na Financial Times; uyu rero akaba yaranditse igitabo ku Rwanda kivuga kuri perezida wacyo Paul Kagame n’ubutegetsi bwe bwibasiye inyoko muntu.
Michela Wrong yakoze iperereza ryimbitse ku bwicanyi bukabije n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwa FPR na Paul Kagame haba mu gihugu ndetse n’inyuma yacyo. Iki gitabo gishya kivuga ku mikorere itavugwaho rumwe ya Paul Kagame n’umurage wa jenoside yo mu Rwanda. Iki gitabo kandi kigaruka ku nkuru ibabaje uvugwa cyane ubu muri afrika y’Ibiyaga bigari, yagaragaye nka jenoside yo mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri.
Ibyo abantu basanzwe bazi ni uko nyuma yo muri 1994, habayeho imitekerereze mishya y’abigometse kandi bagahirika ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, bazanye amahoro mu gihugu bituma u Rwanda ruterwa inkunga n’abaterankunga bo mu Burengerazuba, bakaba bageranya icyo gihugu n’Ubusuwisi na Singapuru. Ariko mu by’ukuri ibintu byarushijeho ku ba bibi uko imyaka yagiye ishira. Michela Wrong akoresha inkuru ibabaje cyane ya Patrick Karegeya, wahoze ari umuyobozi w’ubutasi bw’u Rwanda akaba n’umunyamurava mu guteza imbere isura y’igihugu kihuta mu nzira y’amajyambere cyo muri Afurika, uburyo bwakoreshwaga bwo gusiga umuvuta ibikorerwa mu Rwanda n’ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame, nyamara icyo yamuhembye ni ukumwivugana.
Edward Clay yavuze ko yahuye bwa mbere n’Abanyarwanda bari impunzi mu Burundi muri 1964, hanyuma yongera kubabona mu Rwanda ubwo yari ambasaderi w’Ubwongereza muri icyo gihugu utahatuye muri 1994. Icyo gihe, yizeraga ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi, zagaragaje ubutwari zikuraho Leta ya Habyarimana muri 1994. Nyamara twibutse ko icyo gihe u Rwanda rwari mu mishyikirano na FPR hateganywa gushyirwaho Leta ihuriweho n’impande zombi binyuze mu nzira y’amahoro. Siko byagenze rero, kuko FPR-Inkotanyi zitabyifuzaga, none aherutse kuvumbura ukuri gutandukanye n’ibyo yibwiraga.
Amateka y’abasirikare ba FPR agaragaza ibintu bidasanzwe n’ubutwari byatumye bagera ku ntsinzi. Nyuma yo muri 1994, isi yose yagiriye impuhwe U Rwanda kubera jenoside maze ishima ubutwari bwa FPR yari imaze gutsinda. Bityo rero, Leta nshya ihabwa imfashanyo bijyana no gutahuka kw’impunzi nyinshi zari mu karere muri gahunda yo kubaka igihugu. Ubu ariko, ukuri kwatangiye kugaragara, mu gihe ibiri kuba bituma benshi bibaza ku ntego zabo batangaje igihe bari ku rugamba. Icyemezo cyo kuvuga ko abatutsi ataribo gusa bazize jenoside ni amahano, Kugaragaza kandi ko hariho abatari abatutsi nabo bapfuye bifatwa nk’agasuzuguro ku bategetsi bw’u Rwanda.
Ashingiye ku nkuru ya Patrick Karegeya, Michela Wrong ivuga ibye yitonze aho agira ati: “Patrick Karegeya ni umwe mu binjiranye na FPR avuye muri Uganda, maze aba umuyobozi w’ubutasi. Akazi ke kamusabaga kubaha, kandi imico ye yatumye akundwa na FPR, ndetse akaba yari azwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ikindi kandi ashobora kuba yari muri bake bazi aho imirambo yashyinguwe”. Nyamara ariko, ubwo FPR yatsindaga urugamba muri 1994, ibyayo byatangiye gukemangwa. Benshi ntibakomeje kubona icyerekezo cyayo cyane cyane ko hari ubushake bwo kwinjiza abahutu muri guverinoma ndetse n’ukwiyemera ku mahanga. Nyuma havutse ibibazo kubyerekeranye n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu mu gihe cy’intambara yahitanye abenegihugu muri 1990-1994.
Kuri Michela Wrong, uyu niwo mwanya ukwiye wo kureba no kuvuga binyuze mu bwanditsi iby’indi shusho ya FPR iyobowe na Perezida Paul Kagame. Yibanze cyane ku buryo ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame bukoresha bwo kubwira abantu ngo basabe imbabazi haba abari mu Rwanda ndetse no mu mahanga – ko abanenga ubwo butegetsi bahakana jenoside kandi ko bidakwiye na gato mu Rwanda rwa nyuma ya 1994. Kuri we, asanga hari amayobera y’ingoma ya Paul Kagame atarasobanuka muri ino myaka 26 ishize. Aragira ati “umugizi wa nabi ntabitangaza, ariko mu bibi bya FPR harimo urupfu rw’umuyobozi wayo wa mbere Fred Rwigema n’iraswa ry’indege yari itwaye ba perezida b’u Rwanda n’u Burundi igihe bavaga mu nama yaberaye Dar es Salaam yari igamije inzira y’amahoro. Uwagize uruhare muri icyo gikorwa akomeje kuba amayobera kugeza ubu bikaba byarangije umubano w’u Rwanda n’Ubufaransa”. Michela wrong avuga kandi ko afite kandi ibimenyetso bifatika ku biranga abayobozi ba FPR, ibyo bikaba bifasha kumva neza uko bitwaye nyuma y’icyiswe ubutwari bwabo.
Bake muri twe bumva itandukaniro riri hagati y’abanyarwanda bafite imiryango yimutse kera mbere ya 1994, bityo bakaba ari abanyagihugu b’abanyarwanda batuye muri Uganda ndetse n’abanyarwanda bafite ababyeyi bahunze itotezwa n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda bwa nyuma y’ubwigenge maze bagahungira muri Uganda, cyangwa mu bindi bihugu bikikije u Rwanda. Karegeya yari Umugande wo mu bwoko bw’abanyarwanda: gutandukana n’abagande byaramubabaje cyane igihe ingabo z’u Rwanda n’iza Uganda zahanganaga muri Repubulika Iharanira demikarasi ya Congo. Inkomoko ye ya Uganda yatumye afatwa nk’umuhemu na bagenzi be ba FPR.
Wrong rero yacukumbuye imitekerereze n’imyitwarire iteye isoni ya Paul Kagame, ufatwa nka ‘Mvuyekure’ wavuye mu icuraburindi akagera ku buyobozi ndetse akagera no ku mwanya Perezida w’u Rwanda. Guhana kwe gukabije kwatumye agirira nabi abamurwanya ndetse n’inshuti ze zishirira mu buhungiro, maze benshi abasangayo arabica. Karegeya ni umwe mu bari bihishe ubwo bwicanyi bwa FPR. Yari umwe mu bo ku butegetsi wari mu mahanga, kandi akaba yarafashaga mu bucuruzi bwa diyama yasahuwe muri Congo. Kuba atarishimiye Kagame byamugabanyirije icyizere, bityo Kagame yiyemeza kumwivugana.
Wrong asoza igitabo cye avuga ko iminsi y’ubutwari ya FPR yaranzwe no kwigana, ubuhemu, guhemukirana n’ubwicanyi. Kuki abaje kwigomeka ku butegetsi ari ababukoreye cyane? Kandi ni ukubera iki isura ya Kagame idasobanutse yo muri 1990 ikomeje kuyobora u Rwanda mu gihe cy’imyaka mirongo itatu? Igihe kirageze ngo ababeshywe babone ukuri maze ingoma ya FPR na Paul Kagame ishingiye ku kinyoma, ubwicanyi no kunyunyuza rubanda ihirikwe.
