Yanditswe na Arnold Gakuba
Hari ibimenyetso simusiga byerekana ko umushinga wa peteroli uhuriweho na Leta ya Uganda na Tanzaniya waba ugiye gutangira nk’uko bitangazwa n’ikinyamakuru “Daily Monitor” kuri uyu wa 1 Gashyantare 2022.
Hashize imyaka 15 hatangajwe ivumburwa rya peteroli muri Uganda kuva ku itariki ya 8 Ukwakira 2006, mu masengesho yabereye ku kibuga cya Kololo, perezida Museveni wa Uganda yatangaje ko amariba ya peteroli agomba gutangira gutunganywa. Ibyo byabaye nyuma y’amezi atatu isosiyete ikora ubushakashatsi kuri peteroli yo muri Ositaraliya “Hardman Resources” hamwe n’umufatanyabikorwa wayo w’Abongereza na Irilande “Tullow Oil” batangaje ko hari iriba rya peteroli ryitwa “Mputa-1” riherereye ku birometero 8 uvuye ku nkombe y’ikiyaga cya Albert giherereye mu Karere ka Hoima. Ibyo kandi byakorewe no ku rindi riba ryitwa “Waraga-1” riherereye ku birometero 19 uvuye aho, ryashoboraga gutanga utugunguru 36,000 ku munsi..
Ayo masengesho yabaye ayo gushimira Imana kuba yarahaye Uganda umugisha wo kugira peteroli nk’ibindi bihugu by’Afrika birimo Libya, Nigeria, Angola, na Guinea Equatorial. Mu ijambo rye, Perezida Museveni yatangaje ko igihugu cye kigiye gusezerera ubukene, inzara, indwara ndetse no guhoro cyishingikirije inkunga z’amahanga. Yagize ati: “Peteroli ya Uganda izaba ay’umumaro, ntizaba ay’umuvumo”. Nyuma y’imyaka 15 rero, nibwo Perezida Museveni ayoboye ibirori byo gutangaza icyemezo cya nyuma cy’ishoramari (FID) hagati ya guverinoma ya Uganda n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ya peteroli, iy’Ubufaransa “Total Energies” n’iy’Ubushinwa “Cnooc“.
Uwo muhango witabiriwe na perezida wa Tanzaniya Samia Hassan Suluhu n’umuyobozi wa “TotalEnergies” Patrick Pouyanne nk’uko byatangajwe n’itangazamakuru. Abo banyacyubahiro bombi hamwe na Perezida Museveni, mu mwaka ushize muri Mata, bari bashyize umukono ku masezerano y’umushinga wa peteroli uteganijwe muri Afrika y’Ibirasirazuba (EACOP).
Ubu, “TotalEnergies SE” niyo yemerewe gutunganya peteroli yo muri Uganda ifatanije na “Cnooc”. Izi sosiyete zombi zinjiye muri Uganda mu mwaka wa 2012 nyuma y’uko buri wese aguze imigabane ya 66,66% muri “Anglo-Irlande Tullow Oil PLC”, iherutse kugurisha imigabane yayo yose, ikanafunga ubucuruzi bwayo mu gihugu cya Uganda.
Benshi bibaza icyo ibyo bisobanuye. Minisitiri w’ingufu, Ruth Nankabirwa yagize ati: “Ibi birerekana ku mugaragaro icyiciro kirambuye cy’Ubwubatsi, Amasoko n’Ubwubatsi (EPC) n’abafatanyabikorwa muri uwo mushinga, bityo rero, twiyemeje kubona peteroli ya mbere muri 2025, urugendo rukaba rwaratangiye mu 2006. Muri iki cyiciro, niho dutegereje ko Abagande babona inyungu n’amahirwe by’uwo mushinga“. Leta ya Uganda iratangaza ko bigenze neza muri 2025 peteroli ya mbere yatangira gukoreshwa, bitaba ibyo bikaba mu mpera za 2026 cyangwa mu ntangiriro ya 2027.
Mu by’ukuri, sosiyete itumganya ibikomoka kuri peteroli “TotalEnergies” izatangira ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi bw’umushinga wa peteroli wa Tilenga mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba bw’ikiyaga cya Albert mu turere ka Nwoya na Buliisa. Uwo mushinga uzatwara miliyari 2 z’amadolari y’Amerika hafi Tiriyari 7 z’amashilingi ya Uganda. Uwo mushinga uzaba ufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya utugunguru 200,000 ku munsi.
Sosiyete y’Ubushinwa “Cnooc” nayo izatangira ibikorwa by’umushinga wa Kingfisher uzubakwa mu majyepfo y’ikiyaga cya Albert mu turere twa Hoima na Kikuube. Biteganijwe ko uwo mushinga wo uzajya utunganya utugunguru 40,000 twa peteroli ku munsi.
Izo Sosiyete zombi, zifatanije na “Uganda National Oil Company (Unoc)” na Tanzania binyuze muri sosiyete yayo ya peteroli “TPDC” bifite imigabane muri EACOP izatwara peteroli kuva Hoima kugera ku cyambu cya Tanga yerekeza ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Muri EACOP, Unoc ifitemo imigabane ya 15%, TotalEnergies East Africa Midstream B.V ifitemo imigabane ya 62%, Cnooc ifite imigabane ya 8% naho TPDC ifitemo imigabane ya 15%. Amafaranga azakoreshwa mu kubaka umuyoboro w’ibirometero 1,443 agera kuri miliyari 3,55 z’amadolari (angana na Tiriyari 13 z’amashilingi ya Uganda), 70 ku ijana azakurwa mu nguzanyo mpuzamahanga. Igice cya Uganda cy’umuyoboro ni ibilometero 296 kinyuze mu turere 10. Uwo mushinga ukaba uzagira ingaruka ku bantu bagera ku 4,121. N’ubwo turi mu bihe bikomeye bya Kovidi 19, umunyamabanga mukuru muri Minisiteri y’ingufu, Irene Batebe aratangaza ko Uganda izungukira cyane kuri uyu mushinga.
Kubera umusaruro w’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, Banki y’isi ivuga ko, mu myaka ya za 2030, Uganda ishobora kuzinjiza amadolari agera kuri miliyoni 3 (hafi tiriyari 7 z’amashilingi) azava kuri peteroli izacuruzwa mu mahanga igera ku tugunguru 60,000 twa peteroli ku munsi. Ayo mafaranga azinjira azaba afite ubushobozi bwo kuzamura ubukungu bwa Uganda hagati ya 7-10 ku ijana, bivuze ko igipimo cyo kuzamuka k’ubukungu bwa Uganda kizahagararira kuri 4 ku ijana.
