Yanditswe na Arnold Gakuba
Ubusanzwe ibihugu byinshi bigira igice cy’ingabo ziba mu buzima busanzwe ariko ziteguye kujya ku rugamba biramutse bibaye ngombwa arizo bita “reserve force“. Icyo gice cy’ingabo gishyirwaho kugirango igihugu gikoreshe ingengo y’imari itari nyinshi mu gihe cyaba kitari mu ntambara. Mu Rwanda ho bazise “Inkeragutabara“. Iri jambo mu Kinyarwanda rikaba risobanura “guhora witeguye kwitabira urugamba“.
Ubundi kuba Inkeragutabara bivuga ko wagombye kuba waratojwe igisirikare cyangwa warigeze kuba umusirikare. Ibiri gukorwa mu Rwanda ariko byo ni bishya: gutoza abantu ngo abantu/Abasivili ngo binjire mu Inkeragutabara. Ubundi mu Rwanda, ingabo ziteguye kunganira abasirikare mu gihe cy’urugamba zitwaga “abareservistes” cyariho na mbere ya 1994, ariko babaga ari abasirikare barangije kontaro zabo kandi batarengeje imyaka runaka y’ubukure, badafite indwara kandi batirukanywe mu gisirikare, bakaba n’indakemwa mu mico no mu myifatire.
Ariko kuri Leta ya Paul Kagame siko bimeze, yo yaba ifite umugambi w’uko umunyarwanda wese yaba umusirikare, kwinjiza urubyiruko mu Inkeragutabara bikaba byaba ari ukuzuza uwo mugambi. Ibyo byagaragariye no mu gushyirwaho imitwe itandukanye yahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare ikorera mu gihugu imbere – yiswe amazina atandukanye – aho abanyarwanda b’ingeri zitandukanye. Kwinjiza urubyiruko mu Inkeragutabara, byafatwa nk’aho ari umutwe wundi wa gisirikare ku rwego rwa “Rwanda Defence Force -RDF”. Bityo, mu minsi mike ishize, urubyiruko rutarengeje imyaka 35 (abagifite ingufu), bahamagariwe ndetse banashishikarizwa kwinjira muri uwo mutwe w’Inkeragutabara. Ese ibi bigamije iki? Ni iki cyihishe inyuma yo kongera umubare w’abanyarwanda babarizwa mu gisirikare cyangwa bahabwa imyitozo ya gisirikare?
Nk’uko byagiye bigaragara mu myaka yashize, kuva Paul Kagame yafata ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda, ku ruhembe rw’umuheto, abanyarwanda b’ingeri zitandukanye bagiye bahabwa imyitozo ya gisirikare, haba mu buryo buzwi ndetse n’ubutazwi. Usibye ingabo z’u Rwanda (Rwanda Defence Force-RDF) n’Igipolisi cy’u Rwanda (Rwanda National Police-RNP) nk’inzego z’umutekano zizwi kandi zisangwa no mu bihugu byinshi cyangwa byose by’isi, Leta ya Paul Kagame yo yagiye yishyiriraho izindi nzego/imitwe ya gisirikare n’umutekano mu rwego rwo kongera umubare w’abanyarwanda bahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare, dore ko burya igihugu kigira umubare ntarengwa w’abasirikare kiba cyemerewe. N’ubwo ibyo Paul Kagame we atabikozwa, kuko we ahora mu irengayobora cyangwa adakangwa no kwica amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Nyuma y’Igisirikare n’Igipolisi, hashyizweho “Local Defence Force – LDF” izwi ku izina ry’ “abalokodifensi” baje gusimbuzwa DASSO (District Adminsitration Security Support Organ). Uyu akaba ari utwe wahungese abanyarwanda kuva washingwa kugera na n’ubu. Mu mwaka wa 2000, Human Rights Watch ikaba yarasohoye raporo yerekanye ukuntu “Local Defence Force – LDF” yishe abaturage b’inzirakarengane, ihohotera abantu, yiba ibya rubanda ndetse inabakorera ibyamfurambi. Lokodefensi zikimara gusimburwa n’abadaso, imikorere yakomeje kuba imwe kugera magingo aya. Benshi bemeza ko ari umutwe ushinzwe guhungeta abaturage, dore ko ari umwe muyo abambari ba Paul Kagame bakoresha ngo bahungabanye umutekano wa rubanda.
Nyuma y’iyo mitwe izwi twavuze haruguru, hari indi mitwe idakunze kuvugwa cyangwa itazwi na benshi nayo igamije kwinjiza abanyarwanda bose mu gisirikare rwihishwa. Twavugamo nk’abakada ba RPF (RPF Cadres). Aha turashaka kuvuga cyane abaherewe imyitozo i Ndego, aho benshi mu bayobozi n’abanyeshuri barangizaga za Kaminuza banjyanwaga bagahabwa imyitozo ya gisirikare na politiki mu gihe kiri hagati y’amezi umunani n’icumi. Ese aho abo nabo ubu ntibaba babarizwa mu nkeragutabara?
Twibutse ko guhera mu mwaka wa 1999, abanyeshuri ba za Kaminuza n’amashuri makuru y’u Rwanda bajyanywe ku ngufu mu ngando zagiye zimara mu mezi atari munsi y’abiri, aho bahabwaga imyitozo ya gisirikare na politiki. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza na n’ubu, ibyo biracyakorwa. Ese abo nabo ntibagiye kuzinjizwa mu Nkeragutabara?
Ibindi byiciro by’abanyarwanda byagizwe abasirikare ku ngufu twavuga ni byinshi, dore ko bimwe bitanazwi. Reka twirebere, mu buryo bwimbitse uko ubu noneho abanyarwanda barimo guhamagarirwa kwinjizwa ku mugaragaro mu Inkeragutabara. Ese ni iki cyihishe inyuma yo gushaka kugira umunyarwanda wese umusirikare?
Ubuyobozi bw’Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF), bwatanze amahirwe ku basivile bifuza kwinjira mu mutwe w’Inkeragutabara, bugaragaza inyungu zihabwa abari muri urwo rwego, zirimo gufashwa kubona imirimo mu miryango yo mu karere u Rwanda ruherereyemo cyangwa se mpuzamahanga, hashingiwe ku bushobozi bw’umuntu. Kuki abasiviri binjizwa mu gisirikare, mu bahoze ari abasirikare? Ese ibyo bizahura, bizahuzwa bite? Hagamijwe iki?
Mu itangazo RDF yanyujije ku rukuta rwa Twitter kuri uyu wa 24 Ukuboza 2021, yagaragaje ko uretse guhabwa amahirwe yo gukorera igihugu, abazinjira mu Nkeragutabara bazafashwa kugira ubumenyi bwihariye mu mashami ateganywa na Minisiteri y’Ingabo kandi bemererwe kwiga mu mashuri y’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda.
Inkuru dukesha ikinyamakuru kiri hafi ya Leta ya Kigali igihe.com, yo ku wa 24 Ukuboza 2021, iratwereka uburyo RDF ihamagarira abanyarwanda, cyane cyane urubyiruko, kwinjira mu Inkeragutabara. Mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara baravura bati: “Abazinjira mu mutwe w’Inkeragutabara bazajya bahembwa umushahara n’ibindi byose bagenerwa mu gihe bari mu myitozo no mu gihe bahamagawe kuza mu kazi bingana n’ibyo abasirikare bari mu kazi ka buri munsi bahabwa bari ku rwego rumwe.” Aya magambo adutera kwibaza byinshi. Ni irihe tandukaniro rizaba riri hagati y’Inkeragutabara n’igisirikare? Ese ko hahamagawe n’ubundi abasore n’inkumi bifuza kwinjira mu gisirikare n’igipolisi, ni iyihe mpamvu kandi bashaka no kwinjiza abandi mu Inkeragutabara?
Ubundi ibi byo gutoza abantu bakajya muri “reserve force” bibaho mu bihugu bifite icyo bita serivisi ya gisirikare “militaire service”, aho muri bimwe na bimwe biba ari itegeko ko buri wese wujuje ibisabwa agomba guca mu gisirikare imyaka runaka nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye cyangwa kaminuza.
Ku bireba u Rwanda nk’igihugu gikennye kandi gisanganywe abasirikare benshi barenze ubushobozi bwacyo ndetse n’abagihozemo benshi, twabifata nko gushaka kugira buri wese umusirikare “Militarisation Process” igamije ubushotoranyi no gukanga abaturanyi cyangwa kubaka abacanshuro bo kujyana mu ntambara zimeze nk’ubucuruzi “business” Paul Kagame arimo ashoramo u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda. Twavuga nka Mozambique, Centrafrique, RD Congo ndetse n’ahandi.
Mu gihe Uganda na DR Congo byishyize hamwe ngo birwanye umutwe wa ADF ufite ibirindiro mu burasirazuba bwa DR Congo, ukaba wigamba ko ariwo wateye ibitero by’ubwiyahuzi byahitanye inzirakarengane mu murwa mukuru wa Uganda, Kampala, kandi ukaba warabujije umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa DR Congo, Paul Kagame we arimo gukora ibishoboka byose ngo yongere umubare w’abasirikare mu gihugu cye.
