Yanditswe na Arnold Gakuba
Nyuma y’ifungurwa ry’umupaka wa Gatuna/Katuna, umupaka ukoreshwa cyane kurusha iyindi mu mipaka ihuza u Rwanda na Uganda, benshi bibajije icyatumye, Paul Kagame perezida w’u Rwanda, ava ku izima maze akemera kuwufungura. Ibinyamakuru byo mu gihugu cya Uganda byabikozeho isesengura.
Mbere gato y’uko Lt Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba agirira uruzinduko i Kigali yahamagawe mu biro bya Perezida Museveni ngo ahabwe amabwiriza y’urwo rugendo, cyane cyane ku birebana n’umubano w’u Rwanda na Uganda. Muhoozi wari umujyanama wihariye wa Museveni, yari amaze igihe amubwira ku mubano mwiza ibyo bihugu byombi byahoranye. Ageze kwa Perezida Museveni, Muhoozi yasanze Perezida afitanye ibiganiro n’abanyamakuru ba “The New Vision”, nyuma nibwo Muhoozi abujije abo bajyamakuru kwandika ku ruzinduko rwe mu Rwanda, dore ko bari barumenye.
Ikinyamakuru “Chimpreports” cyari cyamaze kwandika ko Muhoozi afite aruzunduko i Kigali, cyamenye ko Muhoozi yatumiwe maze agahabwa umugisha na Museveni, wo kujya kubonana na Paul Kagame. Bityo, ubuyobozi bw’ingabo zidasanzwe buhita buhabwa amabwiriza yo gutegura urwo rugendo.
Chimpreports yamenye ko, mbere y’uko Muhoozi yerekeza mu Rwanda, Kagame yari yaramwijeje umutekano usesuye, aho yagize ati: “Ninjye ubwanjye uzagucungira umutekano.” Ku bw’ibyo, Paul Kagame yohereje umukuru w’abamurinda, Brigadier Willy Rwagasana, kurinda umutekano wa Muhozi n’itsinda rye.
Uko urugendo rwagenze
Mu gitindo kare mu museso, ku wa 22 Mutarama 2022, Gen. Muhoozi yabyutse kare ngo yitegure kwerekeza i Kigali. Akigera ku kibuga cy’indege cya Entebe, Muhoozi yateguwe n’umunyadipolomate w’inararibonye ku mubano w’u Rwanda na Uganda, mbere y’uko afata indege yerekeza i Kigali.
Indege yatwaye Muhoozi ikigera ku kibuga Mpuzamahanga cya Kigali, yakiriwe na Brigadier Willy Rwagasana ari kumwe n’umuvugizi w’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda Col Ronald Rwivanga. Rwivanga uyu, akaba yariganye na Muhoozi muri St Mary’s College Kisubi.
Aherekejwe n’itsinda ry’abakomando ndetse n’umunyadipolomate Anne Katusiime, Muhoozi yerekejwe muri Radisson Blu Hotel na Convention Center. Nyuma yaje gupimwa Kovidi-19, ibisubizo biza byerekana ko ari muzima. Ibyo birangiye, Muhoozi yerekejwe muri Village Urugwiro aho yabonaniye na Paul Kagame. Nyuma y’ibiganiro byamaze hafi amasaha abiri, Muhoozi yagiye gufungurirwa na Paul Kagame. Kugera magingo aya, ibyaganiriweho biracyari ibanga.
Nyamara ariko, amakuru ikinyamakuru Chimpreports gikesha abayobozi bakuru n’ingabo n’aba politiki ndetse n’abadipolomate, ngo ibiganiro by’ibanze ku kuzahura umubano w’ibuhugu byombi.
Bivugwa ko Muhoozi yari afitanye ubushuti budasanzwe na Paul Kagame igihe yari yungirije ukuriye ubutasi bwa gusiriikare (CMI). Bivugwa kandi ko inshuti ya Muhoozi yitwa Byusa yabanye na Paul Kagame Kololo, Kampala. Ngo Muhoozi yakundaga Gusura Byusa kwa Kagame, akaba ariyo mpamvu amwita “uncle” (se wabo).
Byusa, ubu ni umucuruzi ukomeye i Kigali, akaba akunda kuza kwa Perezida Museveni Entebe kuganira na Muhoozi. Nyuma y’ibyo kandi, amakwe yose y’abana ba Perezida Museveni, Paul Kagame yarayatashye. Kagame kandi yari mu basirikare ba mbere bagabye igitero ku kigo cya gusiriikare cya Kabamba, ari kumwe na Museveni ku ya 6 Gashyantare 1981.
Muhoozi ntiyigeze abona impamvu ibihugu byombi, Uganda n’u Rwanda, bishyamirana bikabije kandi byaramaze igihe kinini ari ipata n’urugi.
Ese ibibazo biteye bite?
Imibanire y’u Rwanda na Uganda ngo yatangiye gucumbagira muri 2017, ubwo Perezida Museveni yagiraga Brig. Abel Kandiho, Umukuru w’ubutasi bwa gusiriikare. Kandiho uyu ngo akaba atararebaga neza u Rwanda kuva 2010 ku bw’amabombe yatewe Kampala muri Nyakanga uwo mwaka. U Rwanda rukaba rwaramufashe nk’intasi kabugariwe.
Kandiho wamaze igihe kininj akora muri Ministeri y’umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu, yagize igihe gihagije cyo kwiga ku Rwanda na RD Congo. U Rwanda rukaba rwaramubonaga nkuzarukoma mu nkokora, mu bikorwa byarwo by’umutekano mu karere, dore ko na nyina umubyara ari umunyarwanda.
Gushyira ku buyobozi bwa CMI Kandiho na Philemon Mateke muri Guverinoma, byarwaje umutwe Leta ya Kigali. Impamvu ngo ni uko Mateke yari inshuti magara ya yakwigendera Juvenal Habyarimana wayoboye u Rwanda mbere ya RPF. Mateke uwo, ngo wari ukomeye muri Kisoro, akaba yarerekaga ingabo za Habyarimana aho ibirindiro by’ingabo za Kagame zabaga ziherereye. Bavuga ko yaba yarafashije Habyarimana gutsinda RPF urugamba rwa mbere mu gihe cy’ibyumweru.
Gushyirwa mu myanya kwa Kandiho na Mateke bikaba byarabaye nyuma y’uko Paul Kagame yishimira gutwarwa kwa Museveni muri 2016. Kagame ari mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru muri 2015, yagize ati: “Umbajije uwo nifuza, nakoranye neza na Perezida uriho Museveni n’abayobozi be, ndamwifuriza ihirwe.” Kagame yifurizaga abanyayuganda guhitamo umuyobozi uharanira amahoro, umutuzo n’iterambere.
Mu gihe Museveni yasuraga u Rwanda muri 2012, Perezida Kagame yamwakiriye nk’umusirikare w’inararibonye wa RPF, amushimira uburyo yabafashije kugera ku butegetsi. Kagame yakunze kuvuga ko nta wundi yakorana nawe, kabone niyo yamwizeza ibya mirenge, kubera kwibuka ko Museveni yamufashije kugera ku butegetsi.
Bitewe n’uko abo baperezida bombi bari babanye neza, ngo Kagame yafatwaga nka Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Museveni. Nyamara yaje gutungurwa kandi ababazwa n’uko yizeye Mateke akamuha minisiteri ndetse na Kandiho akamuha gukurira CMI. Amakuru avuga ko Mateke yashimiwe ukuntu yashyigikiye NRM mu matora yo kuri 2016 muri Kigezi, aho Museveni yari ahanganye na Amama Mbabazi na Kiiza Besigye.
Kigali ivuga ko Kandiho ikimara kugera ku buyobozi bwa CMI yajujibije abanyarwanda, aho Rene Rutagungira yafashwe agafungwa muri 2017, u Rwanda rukagerageza gusaba ngo arekurwe ariko bikaba iby’ubusa. Nyamara ariko, bivugwa ko Kandiho yavumbuye umugambi mubisha u Rwanda rwari rufite kuri Uganda.
Kigali kandi yaregaga Kandiho ko ashyigikiye abanyarwanda batavuga runwe n’ayo barimo na Kayumba Nyamwasa. Kuva icyo gihe, Leta ya Kigali, ikoresheje Kabarebe yatangiye gutuka Uganda iyangisha abanyarwanda, kugera aho avuga ko abajyayo baba bagiye guhunahuna.
Ukugwa kwa Kayihura
Leta ya Uganda yabonaga IGP Kale Kayihura nkushyigikiye u Rwanda. Mu makimbirane u Rwanda rwagiranye na Uganda Kisangani, Uganda yohereje Kayihura i Kigali mu biganiro. Mu ntambara ya RPF, iyo Kagame yajyaga Kampala kubonana na Museveni yararaga kwa Kayihura. Nyamara kwihuza na Tumukunde byatumye polisi itakarizwa icyizere bigera ho Kayihura avanywe ku mirimo ye. Mbere y’uko ibyo biba, Kayihura yahuriye na Muhoozi muri Serena Hotel Kampala, baganira ku ruhare rwa polisi mu rupfu rwa AIGP Andrew Kaweesi.
Kuvana Kayihura mu mirimo ye, byahise bituma Kigali ita icyizere cyo kongera kugera kuri Museveni. Ikindi ni uko u Rwanda rwatekereje ko Salim Sale ashaka guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame. U Rwanda rwitwazaga ko Tribert Rujugiro, utavuga rumwe na Leta ya Kigali, afatanije na Salim Sale uruganda rw’itabi ruri Arua rufite agaciro ka miliyoni 20 z’amadolari.
Ikindi Leta ya Kigali ntiyishimiraga umubano w’u Rwanda n’Ubufaransa, aho ingabo z’Ubufaransa zatozaga iza Uganda. U Rwanda twatekerezaga ko Ubufaransa butoza ingabo za Uganda ngo zirutere, dore ko umubano w’u Rwanda n’Ubufaransa utari umeze neza.
Ingendo za Kagame muri Uganda
Mu rwego rwo koroshya ibibazo, Kagame yagiye Kampala kuganira na Museveni. Nyamara ibyo byabaye iby’akanya gato. Impamvu yaba ari uko Museveni ntacyo yakoze ku basirikare ba Uganda, Kigali yavugaga ko bafasha abayirwanya ndetse ntiyagira nicyo akora ku ruganda rwa Rujugiro. Ikiyongereye kuri ibyo, Charlotte Mukankusi, washinjaga u Rwanda ko rwamwiciye umugabo, yahawe pasiporo ya Uganda. U Rwanda kandi rwanavugaga ko Eugene Gasana wahoze ahagarariye u Rwanda muri Loni yagiye guhura na Museveni.
Ufungwa ry’umupaka
Uko ikibazo cy’u Rwanda na Uganda cyagiye gikaza umurego, u Rwanda rwashyize ingabo nyinshi ku mipaka y’icyo gihugu. Kagame yahise afunga imipaka ashinja Uganda guta muri yombi abanyarwanda benshi, naho Kampala yo ikavuga ko ari intasi za Kigali.
Kuva icyo gihe, abanyarwanda n’abanyayuganda bashatse kwambuka imipaka ku buryo butemewe bararashwe ndetse Leta y’u Rwanda inaca ibicuruzwa birimo sima, ibikoresho by’ubuhinzi n’ibindi biva Uganda ku isoko ry’icyo gihugu.
Imyiteguro ya gisirikare
Mu buryo bwo kwirinda, Uganda yashyize imbunda zirasa kure mu misozi yo mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bwayo ndetse n’abakomando ku mipaka y’u Rwanda.
Imyiteguro myinshi y’intambara yagaragaye ku mipaka y’ibyo bihugu byombi ndetse Uganda inashinja u Rwanda gutera inkunga inyeshyamba za ADF.
Imibanire y’ibihugu byombi
Kigali yatesheje agaciro politiki mpuzahanga ya Uganda. Umucamanza Justice Julia Sebutinde w’Urukiko Mpuzahanga Mpanabyaha yanzwe n’u Rwanda maze kuri manda ye ya kabiri asimbuzwa Dr. Emmanuel Ugirashebuja.
U Rwanda rwashinjijwe gutera inkunga abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Kampala mu matora ya 2021. Mu ijambo ry’itsinzi y’amatora ya 2021, Museveni yavuze ko yagaye igihugu cyateye inkunga abatavuga rumwe nawe, n’ubwo atavuze icyo gihugu icyo ari cyo, nyamara benshi bavuze ko yavugaga u Rwanda.
Mu gihe intambara yatutumbaga hagati y’u Rwanda na Uganda, Angola na perezida wa DR Congo Felix Tchisekedi bagerageze kunga ibyo bihugu. U Rwanda rwatanze ibirego byinshi kuri Uganda, maze Gen. Muhoozi na Gen. Kandiho boherezwa Luanda gutanga ibisobanuro. Ikindi Museveni yohereje kenshi Ambasaderi Adonia Ayebale mu Rwanda ajyanye ubutumwa bw’amahoro.
Nyamara ariko ibyo byose ntacyo byatanze, kuko umubano w’ibyo bihugu warushijeho kuba mubi. Abasesenguzi ndetse n’abanyamakuru ba Uganda barengeraga inyungu za Uganda, bakomeje kunekwa kandi abanyarwanda bakomeza gutabwa muri yombi.
Urugendo rwa Muhoozi
Uruzinduko rwa Muhoozi i Kigali rwaje rukurikira kohereza ingabo za UPDF muri DR Congo. Uganda yakoresheje imbunda za rutura irasa ibirindiro bya ADF mu burasirazuba bwa DR Congo, abasesenguzi babonye ko ari nko guha gasopo u Rwanda.
Muhoozi yagerageje kwegera Paul Kagame perezida w’u Rwanda kugirango afungure umupaka. Inshuti ya Muhoozi Mwenda yagize ati: “Nzi ko muri Uganda nta wundi waba intumwa nziza kuri Paul Kagame, ngo bakemure ibibazo bya Kampala na Kigali, utari Muhoozi.”
Mwenda wakunze kotsa igitutu ubuyobozi bwa Uganda ngo bukemure ikibazo bufitanye n’u Rwanda, yavuze ko Muhoozi ari we ntumwa nziza yo kohereza i Kigali, mu gukemura amakimbirane y’ibihugu byombi, kuko azi neza Paul Kagame, kandi nawe akaba amwemera.
Ku rundi ruhande, ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda nabwo buvuga ko Paul Kagame yifuzaga gufungura umupaka kubera inyungu ze zirimo kwitegura inama ya CHOGM izaba muri Kamena 2022. Benshi babona ko kwakira iyo nama imipaka y’u Rwanda n’ibihugu by’ibituranyi ifunze, byari kwangiza isuza nziza ya Paul Kagame. Ikindi ngo amakimbirane na Uganda, nayo yashoboraga gutuma inama ya CHOGM yongera kwimurwa.
Kujya muri DR Congo kw’ingabo za UPDF kurwanya ADF no kubaka umuhanda, nabyo byatumye Kagame abona ko nta kundi yabigenza, agomba koroha akabana na Uganda. Kagame yari akeneye kumvikana na Uganda, yamaze gufata ibirindiro muri DR Congo, kugirango ashobore gukumira imitwe imurwanya iri muri DR Congo.
Gusubira Kampala kwa Muhoozi
Nyuma yo kuganira na Paul Kagame, Muhoozi yasubiye Kampala kubwira Museveni ibyo baganiriye. Mu byo bemeje harimo guhindurira imirimo Gen. Abel Kandiho akoherezwa muri Sudani y’Amajyepfo n’uwari umwungirije muri CMI Gen. Henry Isoke akoherezwa mu biro by’umukuru w’igihugu gushingwa kurwanya ruswa.
Impunzi nyinshi z’abanyarwanda ziba muri Uganda zasangaga Kandiho azirinda ihohoterwa no gucyurwa mu Rwanda ku ngufu. Imwe mu mpunzi y’umunyarwanda imaze imyaka irenga 20 muri Uganda yagize iti: “Ubu ntituzi uzaturengera.”
Guhindurira imirimo Kandiho byababaje benshi bikanga kugirirwa nabi n’abakozi ba Leta ya Kigali. Nyamara, abandi bavuga ko Kandiho yari yiteze ko ashobora guhindurirwa imirimo kuko yari amaze imyaka itanu muri CMI. Umwe mu basirikare bakuru bakoranye na Museveni imyaka 30 yagize ati: “Turabizi ko nyuma y’imyaka itanu habaho guhindurirwa imirimo.”
Inkuru yo gufungura umupaka yashimishije benshi muri Kigali, bagaragaye Nyabugogo ahakatirwa amatike ya za bisi zerekeza Kampala. Benshi baguze amatike, nyamara nyuma babwirwa ko nta kwambuka. Leta ya Kigali yatinye ko abanyarwanda benshi bambuka bajya muri Uganda, bikayangiriza isura.
Hatsinze nde?
Kugeza Ubu, u Rwanda rwafunguye umupaka igice, aho imodoka zitwaye imizigo arizo zonyine zemerewe kwambuka. Biracyari urujijo ku gihe Leta y’u Rwanda izarekurira abaturage bayo ngo bajye gukora ubucuruzi muri Uganda, basure inshuti n’abavandimwe, bitabire amakwe n’ibirori.
Nyamara ariko, gufungura umupaka igice nabyo byakiriwe neza na benshi, bikurikirwa no kwemeza ko inama ya CHOGM izaba muri Kamena 2022 mu Rwanda.
Amakimbirane hagati y’u Rwanda na Uganda yakomeje gutera ubwoba abashoramari mu bihugu byombi. Ubu Kampani za “Totalenergies” na “CNOOC” zitumganya peteroli zahise ziyemeza gushora imari ingana na miliyari 10 z’amadolari muri Uganda.
Guzahura umubano wa Uganda n’u Rwanda nanone byerekanye ubushibozi mu bya dipolomasi bwa Muhoozi na Ambasaderi Ayebare.
Museveni yatsindiye kuko habonetse umwuka mwiza muri EAC, kandi abacuruzi baciriritse ba Katuna bakaba barishimiye gufungurwa k’umupaka. Nyamara ariko, kwizihiza iryo fungurwa nyako kuzaba igihe u Rwanda ruzafungurira neza umupaka, abanyarwanda bagashobora kwinjira nta nkomyi muri Uganda bagakora ubucuruzi, bagasura inshuti n’abavandimwe ndetse bakitabira amakwe n’ibirori, mbese bakishimira umubano mwiza w’ibihugu byombi.
