Nejejwe no kwandika ibi muri uyu mwaka hakiriho abantu bafite imyaka hagati ya 50 na 80 kugira ngo bitagaragara nk’umugani. Nk’uko bisanzwe ibitekerezo bya buri wese birakenewe ngo tubwire abakiri bato uko byari bimeze muri cya giheeee…cya kera mu cyaro.
Nuko rero uretse akaciyemo ubushize k’abishyingiraga, iyo kurambagiza, gusaba no gukwa byarangiraga hakurikiragaho icyo bitaga kujya mu rukiko ari byo ubu byiswe kujya mu murenge. Kera rero byakorerwaga kuri Commune abageni bagashyingirwa na burugumesitiri, agasoma amazina y’abageni n’imiryango yabo akavuga ibara ry’inka bakoye, yaba ari inyana bakavuga ko bazarongoranywa, cyaba ikimasa bakavuga ku mugaragaro ko nta ndongoranyo izabaho. Indongoranyo ikaba ari inka ivuka ku nkwano, bakaba barayihaga umukwe amaze kubyara nka kabiri. Ibyayo tuzabigarukaho kuko na yo yari umuhango ukwawo. Iyo rero ibyo mu rukiko byarangiraga, umukobwa yatumwaga kwa ba nyirasenge kubabwira ko afite ubukwe. Se w’umukobwa agahaguruka ubwe akajya kwa sebukwe kubwira baramu be ko yenda gushyingiza mwishywa wabo. Iyo yabaga atakiriho umuhungu we mukuru ni we wajyaga kubwira kwa sekuru ko mushiki we yenda gushyingirwa akababwira n’itariki. Ku ruhande rw’umusore na we yarahagurukaga akajya kubwira ba Nyirarume ko yenda gushyingirwa, yahava akajya kubwira baramu be iyo yabaga abafite. Izo ngendo zasaga nk’aho ari itegeko kuko iyo wagiraga uwo usimbuka washoboraga kutamubona mu birori abantu bakajya baryana inzara ngo naka ntahari. Se w’umusore na none yajyaga kubwira abenda hamwe be n’abagore babo (mu kinyaga babita basanzire) ko yenda gushyingiza, ibyo na se w’umukobwa yarabikoraga. Abandi bose babaga babizi ku musozi, izi mpapuro zitumira nazibonye bwa mbere muri 1979 na zo zandikishije intoki, muri za 1980 ni ho hatangiye gusohoka izandikishije imashini.
Abakomeye bakayishyira mu ibahasha, abaciye bugufi mu mutungo bakagatangira aho ari agapapuro k’ubusabusa, urupapuro rumwe rwavagamo dutanu. Ku musozi wose rero babaga bazi ko kwa kanaka bafite ubukwe. Bashiki b’umusore bakajya kureba abandi bakobwa, basengana, babana mu balegio, biganye,… bakabamenyesha ubwo bukwe. Ababimenyeshejwe na bo bagatangira kuboha imisambi ( ibishanja) ikoze mu birere by’ingabo yo kuzategura. Barumuna na bakuru b’umukobwa na bo babwiraga abandi bakobwa ko bafite ubukwe. Na bo bakaboha ibishanja byo kuzabazanira. Habaga ubwo umugeni ubwe ajya kubyivugira muri bagenzi be ariko akagenda kare akagaruka habona ngo hatagira umuhohotera hakaba amahano.
Iwabo w’umukobwa rero bagenaga umunsi bakajya i Bukavu muri Zayire, bakajya kugura amajyambere/ ibishyingiranwa. Aha mbibutse ko mvuga iby’iwacu i Shangi, ahandi buriya na ho bajyaga mu isoko rikize ribari hafi. Iyo batajyaga i Bukavu bagarukiraga i Kamembe.
Aho rero i Bukavu cyangwa i Kamembe bahaguraga Isanduku y’icyuma itubutse, bakagura amasahani bakagura ibesani yo kumeseramo, bakagura imyenda yo gukenyera no kwitera bakagura imyenda yo kujyana guhinga, yewe bakaba bagura n’inkweto z’umugeni zoroshye kwambara zitazamurya dore ko hari ubwo yabaga azambaye bwa mbere. Akenshi banaguraga sandales rwose bwaba ari ubwa mbere akagenda azikururaaaaa ! yananiwe ( yanonnye) dore ko Kiliziya yari ku rugendo rw’isaha imwe irenga.
Bafataga na none umunsi umwe bakajya i Nyakabuye kugura ibiseke, bakagura inkangara n’imideri (inkangara ntoya), bakaboneraho bakagura n’ibiribwa by’ubukwe ari wo muceri kuko weraga mu Bugarama hirya ya Nyakabuye.
Ababyeyi b’abageni rero na bo ubwo, nka mbere y’ibyumweru bibiri, bafataga imipanga buri wese ku ruhande rwe bakajya gusaba ibitoki. Uwabaga afite abahungu be na bo bacaga aha agaca hariya. Ariko rero n’utabyaye abahungu, urugo rwa mbere yaheragaho bamuhaga umusore wabo akajya amugenda inyuma. Akagitema undi akagitwara, yajyaga kugera ku bantu bane batanu afite abana b’ingimbi nka batatu bajyana na we bamutwaza, agaheruka atema igitoki abana b’abaturanyi bakakijyana aho ibindi birambitse , byagwira bigeze nko ku ijana bakabijyana mu rugo. Ugereranije ibitoki byabonekaga ari nka 200 cyangwa 300, ariko bamwe mu nkoramutima, abo bahanye inka, abo bafitanye igihango, abo bashyingiranye, abo ntibatangaga igitoki ahubwo barataraga bakazatanga urwagwa.
Umubyeyi w’umugore na we yafataga akabando akajya mu ngo zifite inka kubabwira bakabaterekera amata. Bikanagora kuko inka z’inyarwanda wasangaga zitarenza litiro eshatu ku munsi ! Ayo rero akaza mu minsi nk’ibiri mbere y’ubukwe mu nkokongoro yanditseho izina rya nyirayo ngo itazatakara mu zindi.
Icyakora mu cyaro ibyinshi mu bikoresho byabaga bizwi, ku buryo icyansi cy’uruhanga cyabaga ari icyo kwa kanaka, inkongoro y’igicuba ikaba ari iyo kwa kanaka bizwi. Ibyo kandi byarakorwaga ku mpande zombi z’abageni ku musore no ku mukobwa kuko hose amata yari ngombwa mu bukwe. Umusore akareba abasore bazwi nk’inkundarubyino bakamutegurira ibirori, bakagena aho bazajya bahurira bakitoza, abantu bakumva ingoma ivuze abantu bahinguye bakibuka ko kwa kanaka henda kuba ubukwe, bakaza kureba umudiho wo kwitoza yemwe aho, ugasanga banezerewe kubera uwo mudiho wo kwitoza. Nta faranga bahembwaga. Icyakora bahabwaga inzoga bagahabwa n’itabi ry’Impala na filitiri ( itabi rya Tabarwanda ryabagamo Impala yo mu gifuniko gitukura, na Filtré y’igifuniko cy’igitare).
Ubukwe bwenda kuba rero habagaho ko ba bakobwa bemeye kuboha imisambi (ibishanja) babizana bakabiha umukobwa wo mu rugo ruzashyingira. Abaturanyi bakagena umunsi bahuriraho uzanye umugano, uw’inturusu… bakaza gusana inkike z’urugo no gukata imihati n’imivumu by’urugo ruzashyingira.Ibyo bikitabirwa na buri mugabo n’umusore ugimbutse, kuhabura bikaba icyaha gishobora kuguteza igisebo mu bandi. Baboneragaho bakubaka n’igisharagati (ikigonyi), kikubakwa mu mahango y’inturusu n’imisave kikagira amakumbo y’imigano, ubukwe buraye buri bube bakazagisakaza amakoma y’insina.
Iminsi ine mbere y’ubukwe inzoga z’intwererano zabaga zatangiye kuhagera zimwe zikanicira inyota abaje gusana urugo. Ku rundi ruhande ubwo abana bo ku musozi wose babaga bavomera ibitoki bikengwa ku wa gatatu ubukwe buzaba ku wa gatandatu. Abana bakanabikunda cyane kuko bagendaga ikivunge. Abasore n’abagabo bakigabanya amatsinda, abubaka inkike z’urugo, abubaka igisharagati, abenga ibitoki, abasakara inzu iyo yabaga isakaje umukenke nuko. Umubyeyi w’umugore na we na bagenzi be hakabamo abakaranga amasaka yo kubetera (bakabyita gukaranga urukoma), hakaba abayasya, hakaba abakira imyaka yabaga yazanyweho intwererano ngo bazatekere abashyitsi batazataha. Icyo gihe cyose umusozi wose wabaga wahagurutse dore ko ubukwe bwabaga mu mpeshyi (mu cyi).
Na none ku bafite imiryango minini yegeranye, inzoga zengerwaga mu ngo zinyuranye zikazahurizwa hamwe. Muri byose ariko ibyo byakorwaga hashingiwe ku buryo abantu batuye, ntibyashingiraga ku masano. Ntibyashingiraga ku moko cyangwa amadini dore ko n’abapagani babyaraga abagatolika. Icyabaga gisangiwe na bose ni uko ubukwe ari abantu kandi ko abantu ari abaturanyi. Nta nama z’ubukwe zabagaho, nta liste « de mariage » yabagaho, abantu batangaga uko bifite. Umuryango ukaba wagurisha ikimasa ngo bagure ibirongoranwa, ariko ibinyobwa byose uko byakabaye uretse yenda ikaziye ya Primus, byose n’amata byavaga mu baturanyi. Kandi kwitanga bigasa nk’aho ari umuco utajyibwahi impaka, utakwiha kwivana mu bandi ku mpamvu runaka. Nta muntu nzi wigeze areka gufasha abandi mu bukwe ariko iyo abaho yari kugira ibibazo byari kumugora kwikuramo. Iyo wimukiraga ku musozi wakoraga uko bakora. N’iyo wabaga uri umwarimu iyo wagiraga urubanza (ibirori/ubukwe) wasabaga ibitoki. Kutabisaba byari kuba ari ubukunguzi ukazabwirengera kuko buri wese yagiraga urutoki.
Umusore na we ku ruhande rwe ariko ntiyicaraga gusa, yagombaga kugura imyenda azashyingiranwa, iyo ikadodesherezwa ku mudozi ubizi akamupima akamudodera. Impeta zatangwaga no kwa padiri si umusore waziguraga, ahubwo zishyurwaga kwa padiri hamwe n’amaturo. Akaba afite inzu n’ubwo yaba iy’ibyatsi ariko ifite isuku n’urugo. Noneho ahubwo umugeni akaboha umusambi (umuce) mu rukangaga, akawutaka amabara ( amadesa), akawohereza ku musore bakazawukinga ku buriri iyo babaga bafite inzu ya nyakatsi. Uwo musambi (wo ntabwo ari igishanja) watwarwaga na gasaza k’umukobwa gatoya, ntabwo wajyanwaga n’umukobwa eretse iyo habaga ari kure ariko ariko murumuna w’umugeni uwutwaye akajyana na gasaza ke.
Umusorere we rero, uretse inkono, ibikoresho byo mu rugo nk’amasuka, umupanga wo gutemera urutoki no gutema inkwi, ishoka, akabindi ko guterekamo amazi no kuvoma ndetse n’ijerikani mu minsi ya za 1980, urebye yabazwaga bike. Gusa rero yagombaga kuba yariharitse umurima w’ibijumba n’uw’amateke, afite ibishyimbo afite amashaza byashoboka n’ubunyobwa (akabemba) kugira ngo umwana w’abandi atazicwa n’inzara. Nta kuzana umwana w’abandi ngo bucye uzindukana ishashi ujyiye guhaha cyaraziraga!
Kugeza ubu rero twakomeje kuvuga ubukwe ubukwe, nyamara gukwa ni ubukwe, gushyingirwa muri komini bukaba ubukwe, ariko iwacu mu cyaro cyo ku Mugera, ubukwe nyirizina ni ubukwe bwo mu kiliziya kwa padiri, ubwo ni bwo tuzagarukaho ubutaha.
Nk’uko natangiye mbivuga, inkunga yanyu kuri aya mateka ni ingenzi.
Jean Claude NKUBITO
07 Werurwe 2022
