Hari ibihugu byinshi byohereza ingabo zabyo mu butumwa bw’amahoro kw’isi, ariko uko bimaze kugaragara uko kohereza izo ngabo mu butumwa bw’amahoro biba bihishe inyungu za politiki, ubukungu, diplomasi, no kugaragaza isura nziza mu mahanga kurusha ubwitange bwo kujya gutabara no gufasha ahari ibibazo.
Iyo witegereje ibihugu byagiye byoherezwamo ingabo za ONU ngo zigiye kugarura amahoro usanga ibyinshi muri ibyo bihugu izo ngabo ntacyo zamaze ahubwo usanga amafaranga atagira ingano azitangwaho adafite aho ahuriye n’ibikorwa zikora.
Natanga urugero rwa MONUSCO muri Congo aho abantu bakomeje gupfa ndetse n’umutekano muke ukaba warabaye ingorabahizi mu gihe izo ngabo zisaga 17.000 zikaba zifite ingengo y’imari ingana na Miliyari 1,5 y’amadolari ku mwaka.
Urugero twatanga rundi ni MINUAR I na MINUAR II mu Rwanda. Izo ngabo ntabwo zashoboye kugira icyo zimarira abanyarwanda mu 1994 bo mu moko yose , ahubwo zarahambiriye ziritahira, n’izitwa ngo zirasigaye zihitamo uruhande rumwe rw’abarwanaga zifatanya narwo urugero natanga ni General Roméo Dallaire. Naho MINUAR II ntawe uyobewe ko igihe abantu bapfaga mu gihugu hose hagati ya 1994 na 1995 abo basirikare bari bahari kugeza n’i Kibeho aho impunzi zari zabahungiyeho bazirasiye mu maso yabo.
Ibihugu byinshi bikunze gutanga ingabo mu rwego rwo kugira ngo bigire ijambo mu rugaga mpuzamahanga ndetse kuri bimwe mu bihugu by’Afurika abasirikare babyo bashobore guhembwa neza, rimwe na rimwe iyo mishahara iranyerezwa (abasirikare bo muri Nepal, Côte d’Ivoire…. bigeze kwigaragambya)akenshi nta muhate ukunze gushyirwa mu gukemura ibibazo kugira ngo ayo mafaranga atubutse akomeze kuboneka.
Ku rundi ruhande hari ibihugu bimwe byafashe iki gikorwa cyo kohereza ingabo nk’uburyo bwo kwiteganyiriza hagamijwe inyungu zitandukanye z’abohereza abasirikare mu butumwa bw’amahoro ndetse tutibagiwe n’ibihugu by’ibihangange biba bishaka ko babirwanira intambara byo bidashobora kwijyiramo ubwabyo kubera ko abaturage babyo ndetse n’amashyaka atari ku butegetsi yo muri ibyo bihugu byagora kubasobanurira icyo bagiye gukorayo n’impamvu abana babo bapfa.
Dushobora gufata ingero z’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe biri mu butumwa bw’amahoro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye cyangwa w’Afrika yunze ubumwe
U Rwanda rufite abasirikare n’abapolisi mu butumwa bw’amahoro mu bihugu nka Liberia, Sudani y’amajyepfo, Haiti, na Sudani y’amajyaruguru cyane cyane Darfur naho Uganda ikagira abasirikare muri Somalia, Sudani y’amajyepfo, na Repubulika ya Centrafrique.
Inyungu za politiki: byagaragaye kenshi ko u Rwanda rwagiye rukoresha igikangisho cyo gukura ingabo muri Darfur iyo hagiraga ikintu kiregwa abayobozi b’u Rwanda. Natanga urugero mu 2010 igihe hasohokaga Mapping report ku bwicanyi bw’impunzi z’abanyarwanda muri Congo. U Rwanda rukunze gukangisha cyane ko nirufatirwa ibihano kubera gufasha M23 rushobora gukura ingabo muri Darfur. Ni nako bimeze kuri Uganda yatangiye kuvuga ko ishobora gukura ingabo zayo muri Somaliya, ibyo bikaba byatumye ONU isa nk’aho yigengesera mu gushinja Uganda ivuga ko ngo igiye gikora iperereza ku buryo iperereza rishinja Uganda n’u Rwanda ryakozwe kugira ngo wenda barebe ko Uganda yacururuka ntikure ingabo zayo hafi 6500 muri Somaliya.
Uku kohereza ingabo mu butumwa bw’amahoro, urebye mu rwego rwa politiki, Perezida Kagame na Museveni bakomeza gukandamiza abaturage babo kuko amahanga aba atifuza ko hagira igihungabanya ubutegetsi bwabo bityo bagakura ingabo muri Darfur na Somaliya.
Inyungu za Diplomasi: Uku kohereza ingabo bituma igihugu cyigirirwa icyizere ndetse kigashobora no kugira ijambo ahantu hafatitwa ibyemezo mu rwego mpuzamahanga. Muzarebe igihe u Rwanda rwahataniraga gutorerwa kujya mu mana y’umutekano ya ONU, mu byo rwashyiraga imbere ngo n’uko ari igihugu cya 6 mu gutanga ingabo nyinshi mu butumwa bw’amahoro.
Inyungu z’ubukungu: Kohereza ingabo birimo inyungu nyinshi, kuko hatangwa amafaranga menshi ku bintu bitandukanye. Imishahara y’abajya mu butumwa bwa ONU iba itubutse, n’ubwo Leta iba yakuyeho ayayo yitwaje impamvu zitandukanye nko kubakira abasirikare amacumbi n’ibindi ariko muri rusange umusirikare uvuye Darfur aba ameze neza mu rwego rw’ubukungu, ndetse na cya kigega cyiswe Agaciro nacyo ubwo butumwa bw’amahoro cyabukuyemo akayabo: nk’i Darfur havuye Miriyoni 75 Frw.
Si ibyo gusa kuko amasosiyete menshi ya FPR yabonye ibiraka bitandukanye mu guha ibikoresho na za serivisi zindi izo ngabo n’abapolisi bari mu butumwa bw’amahoro.
Inyungu za gisirikare: Iyo ingabo zigiye mu butumwa bw’amahoro akenshi zihabwa imyitozo ihambaye n’abasirikare kabuhariwe baturutse mu ngabo z’Amerika n’u Bwongereza. Muri ubwo buryo izo ngabo zibona ibikoresho bigezweho bya gisirikare byo kujya gukoreshwa mu butumwa bw’amahoro ndetse ibihugu bikoroherezwa no mu kugura intwaro n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare. Umuntu iyo yibutse ko abasirikare bajya mu butumwa bw’amahoro basimburana akenshi buri mezi 6, bigaragara ko ubu ari uburyo bw’amayeri Museveni na Kagame babonye bwo gutoza ingabo zabo no kuzishakira ibikoresho babifashijwemo n’amahanga bitwaje ubutumwa bw’amahoro.
Inyungu z’abayobozi: Kohereza abasirikare n’abapolisi mu butumwa bw’amahoro bifasha ubutegetsi buriho mu Rwanda no muri Uganda guhitamo abo bugira abatoni bukabohereza kujya kurya iyo mari ya ONU, bityo abo boherejwe mu butumwa bwa ONU bakaba babona abayobozi babohereje nk’Imana zabo. Ibyo bituma ubuyobozi bushimisha abo basirikare n’abapolisi bukanabarangaza bityo hakabaho kugabanya abantu bashobora kuba abarakare nabyo ni amwe mu mayeri yo kuramba ku butegetsi.
Kuba hari abasirikare b’abanyarwanda n’abagande bagwa i Darfur na Somaliya birababaje ariko ku bayobozi baboherezayo ikiri imbere n’inyungu zabo zijyanye no kuramba ku buyobozi.
Ikindi abantu batagomba kwirengagiza n’amagambo akunze gukoreshwa na Perezida Kagame agaya ko MONUSCO ntacyo ikora kandi ihabwa akayabo, ariko akiyibagiza ko ingabo za UNAMID ziyobowe na Lt Gen Patrick Nyamvumba w’umunyarwanda zirimo abasirikare b’u Rwanda basaga 3000 kandi ibibazo bya Darfur bikaba bitarakemuka sinzi niba na Perezida Kagame aho ari yifuza ko bikemuka. Uko ikibazo cya Darfur kigomba gukemurwa mu rwego rwa Politiki kikaba kidashobora gukemurwa na UNAMID ni nako ikibazo cya Congo kigomba gukemurwa mu rwego rwa politiki kunanirana kw’ikibazo bitashyirwa kuri MONUSCO.
Igiteye inkeke n’uko umuryango w’abibumbye mu mikorere yawo usa nk’aho waya. None se iyo uhaye intwaro n’imyitozo abasirikare b’u Rwanda na Uganda bakajya Darfur na Somalia, bavayo bagatera Bunagana na Kiwanja hakagwa abasirikare bandi bari mu butumwa bwa ONU bo muri MONUSCO, hari ukwaya kurenze uko?
Marc Matabaro
IBYO URWANDA RUTACYINISH’UBU NUKWIVUMBURA NGO BARAKURA INGABO ZAGIYE MUBUTUMWA MUMAHANGA,
CRISE IRI MURWANDA UBU ITEY’UBWOBA,AMAFRANGA IGIHUGU GITEZE AMASO NA MADOVISE AVA MUNGABO NA POLICE ZAGIYE MUBUTUMWA UBURERO KAGAME NTIYAKWIBESHYA AHUBWO YAKWEMERA AGATERA CONGO KUMUGARAGARO NAHO IBYO KWIVUMBURA KURI UN NINZOZI NTIBYABA.
Ariko iyo muvuga ibi muransetsa cyane peee, none se kuki abo baba barahisemo u Rwanda ngo rutange izo ngaho nuko hari ubushobozi baba barazibonyemo kandi ibyo bisobanurwa n’aho zibz ziri, kuvuga ngo rero babigize igikongisho aho ni ugutandukira cyane kuko wabanza ukibaza abao baba bashinja u Rwanda ibyo byose bo ni abatagatifu, sha mwa banyarwanda mwe muba mwishinga abo bazungu mukavugaaaaaa, nyamara namwe nzi neza yuko muramutse mukoze ibyo mwifuza mugafata ubuyobozi ntibabura ibyo babarega kandi babarenganya, aho guhuriza hamwe rero ahubwo muhora mwumva ko igihugu cyanyu cyabamo ibi ari naho baba babareba mu mutwe bavuga bati ariko aba bakubaka igihugu koko… bose ntibajya bagirana amakimbirane, aba mu bubiligi ntimubizi ko induru zitavuga se nkizo muvuza…. mwitonde mushyire hamwe, gusa kubigeraho bizagora hakiri ababajya mu matwi….
Ariko,muzasebya He, Kagame kugeza ryari?muzavuga muruhe,Imana ibaturinde.