Mu nzozi zabo mbi cyane zishoboka, Abanyarwanda umunani ntibashoboraga kurota ku iherezo ryijimye ry’inzira yabo kuruta ibyo baboneye Arusha. Nubwo bagizwe abere cyangwa barekuwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha ku Rwanda (/TPIR/ICTR), nta gihugu na kimwe cyemeye kubakira. Aba “batagira ibyangombwa” bamaze kwamamara, bari bari aho nta bitangaza bategereje. Nibwo ku buryo butunguranye, bahawe iminsi itatu yo gutegura amavarisi yabo. Ngo Nijeri ibahaye ikaze! Ariko nta kintu kigenda neza nk’uko byari biteganijwe…
Abanyarwanda umunani, babaye abere mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha ku Rwanda (TPIR/ICTR) cyangwa barekuwe nyuma yo kurangiza ibihano, bageze muri Nijeri mu ntangiriro z’Ukuboza 2021, ku masezerano Nijeri yagiranye n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye.
Amasezerano yiswe “gutuza abantu” yashyizweho umukono mu bwiru, ku ya 15 Ugushyingo, na Guverinoma ya Nijeri yakuraga ku Muryango w’Abibumbye umutwaro w’urukozasoni w’abantu babaye abere cyangwa barekuwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha ku Rwanda (TPIR/ICTR), kuko rusoza imirimo, mu Kuboza 2015, rwari rutarababonera igihugu kibakira.
Aba ba kimeyabose “bagumishishwe” muri Rukiko, bari icyenda (reba urutonde ku mpera y’inkuru). Aba bagabo barategereje amaso ahera mu kirere, hagati y’imyaka cumi n’irindwi n’icumi yose, kugira ngo haboneke igihugu cyemera kubakira no kubaha ibyangombwa. Nubwo bagombaga kuba bafite umwidegembyo nyuma y’imanza zabo cyangwa kurangiza ibihano, ntibyababujije kuba mu nzu imwe, “irinzwe”, Arusha muri Tanzaniya, hafi y’Urukuko rwa Loni rwababuranishije. Nta byiringiro na busa by’uko, umunsi umwe bazava muri iki gihirahiro kitabakwiye kandi gihonyora uburenganzira bwabo.
Ubwo bababwiraga, mu ntangiro z’Ukuboza 2021, ko bagiye…muri Nijeri! Nta Munyarwanda wavukiye mu gihugu cy’imisozi igihumbi itoshye warota kuzarangiriza ubuzima bwe mu gace ka Saheli. Nibwo na none, nta kundi byagombaga kumera, nibwo uyu munani, bemeye iyi “Mpano”, bongera gufunga amavarisi yabo, bava ikitaraganya mu nzu babagamo Arusha, byisiga umwirare!
Nibwo, ku mugoroba wo ku ya 5 Ukuboza 2021, ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kilimanjaro cy’Arusha, nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri hasinywe amasezerano, Abanyarwanda bane babaye abere – Prosper Mugiraneza, Protaïs Zigiranyirazo, François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye na André Ntagerura – na bane barekuwe nyuma yo kurangiza ibihano bakatiwe – Anatole Nsengiyumva, Tharcisse Muvunyi, Alphonse Nteziryayo na Innocent Sagahutu – binjiye mu ndege ya Ethiopian Airlines yerekeza muri Nijeri. Igihugu bagombaga guturamo burundu, nk’uko amasezerano abiteganya.
“BYARI NKO KUTWIKIZA”
“Byari nko kutwikiza (…) Baradutunguye; baza bazanye ibyangombwa byo gusinya, batubwira gutegura imizigo kugira ngo tujye muri Nijeri mu minsi itatu,” nk’uko Innocent Sagahutu, yabivuze nyuma gato yo kugera i Niamey. Bavuze ko batabanje kugishwa inama, basinye inyandiko yo “kwiyemeza*, aho buri wese yagaragazaga “icyifuzo n’icyemezo cyo gutuzwa muri Repubulika ya Nijeri (…) ku bushake bwabo, nta gahato, gushishikarizwa cyangwa iterabwoba ku ruhande rwa “Mechanism” cyangwa undi muntu uwo ari we wese cyangwa urwego”. Yibuka ko iminsi itatu bari bahawe, yabayemo kutatuza na busa.
Perezida w’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe imirimo isigaye y’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwa Arusha, yategereje yitonze tariki ya 13 Ukuboza 2021, kugira ngo yishimire icyo gikorwa, atangaza aya makuru mu ijambo yagejeje ku Kanama gashinzwe umutekano ku isi. Umucamanza Carmel Agius yagize ati “Ndashaka gusangira n’abagize Akanama ko, ku ya 15 Ugushyingo 2021, hashyizwe umukono ku masezerano y’ingenzi hagati ya guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Nijeri n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, ku bijyanye no kwimura abantu bagizwe abere cyangwa barekuwe n’Urukiko rwa Arusha cyangwa Mechanism.”
Umucamanza Agius yungamo ati: “Nshobora kwemeza ko ayo masezerano yashyizwe mu bikorwa yerekeye umunani muri bo.” U Rwanda rwamaganye ayo masezerano. Ariko uko byamera kose, kuyashyira mu bikorwa hutihuti, byatumye umunani mu icyenda bari batuye mu nzu kimenyabose “irinzwe” muri Arusha (Tanzaniya) bimurirwa muri Niamey, umurwa mukuru wa Nijeri.
Uko byamera kose, hariho rwose ikintu cyo kwishimira, ndetse uhereye ku bantu bireba mbere na mbere. Urwego rwa Mechanism rwiyemeje, mu nyandiko yashyizweho umukono n’abimuwe, kubaha “icumbi ry’umwaka wa mbere” kandi rukanabaha “mu ngunga imwe, amadolari y’Amerika 10,000 nk’imfashanyo yo kugira ngo bature, bakigera” muri Nijeri.
Bavuga ko bakimara kugera i Niamey, abahoze batagira ibyangombwa ba Arusha, bahawe ibyangombwa byo gutura, bitangwa buri mwaka, bityo batangira kwibeshaho, nubwo byabagoye kumenyera umuco, ikiguzi cy’imibereho, imiterere y’ikirere cya Saheli, gitandukanye n’ibyo muri Afurika yo hagati n’iy’Uburasirazuba. Sagahutu ati “Ugereranije n’ibyo twahuye nabyo muri Tanzaniya, ibintu byarahindukaga. Kubera uruhushya rwo gutura, twashoboye kubona amakarita ya telefoni, twashoboye gufungura konti muri banki.”
BICAMUMPAKA, NTABIKOJEJWE.
Umwe gusa mu bari batuye mu rugo “rurinzwe” rwa Arusha, yanze gusinyira ubwo buzima. Jérôme Bicamumpaka, wagizwe umwere mu myaka irenga icumi ishize, yari amaze amezi atanu avurirwa mu bitaro i Nairobi, umurwa mukuru wa Kenya. Yasobanuye ko yanze kugenda kubera ko nta bitaro byihariye yakwivurizamo muri Nijeri. N’uburakari bwinshi, nk’uko amakuru atugeraho, umwanditsi wa Mechanism yaba yaramutegetse, kuva mu nzu “irinzwe” i Arusha mbere y’itariki ya 22 Ukuboza 2021- icyemezo perezida wa Mechanism yahagaritse, mu gihe hagitegerejwe ko hasuzumwa icyifuzo cyihutirwa kandi cy’ibanga cyatanzwe na Bicamumpaka cyanga yo yimurirwa muri Nijeri.
Nguko uko, abantu bose batunguwe, hagati ya Noheri n’Ubunani … ibintu birahinduka cyane muri Nijeri. Niamey, ku ya 27 Ukuboza, yamenyesha mu iteka abo baturage bayo bashya umunani ko “birukanwe burundu ku butaka bwa Nijeri kandi babujijwe burundu kuhaba, kubera impamvu za diporomasi”. Inyandiko yashyizweho umukono na Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Hamadou Adamou Souley, inabaha iminsi irindwi yo kuva mu butaka bwa Nijeri.
Abubacarr Tambadou, umwanditsi wa Mechanism, yari yarashimagijwe n’umucamanza Agius mu byumweru bibiri mu nama y’Akanama k’umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano kubera ko yaboneye igisubizo “ikibazo rimwe na rimwe cyasaga nk’aho kidashoboka gukemurwa ndetse kikaba kivugwa mu byemezo byibuze icumi by’Akanama gashinzwe umutekano”. Kuri we na we, inkubi y’umuyaga yari yahindutse bikabije: Tambadou yahise ategekwa n’uwo mucamanza “gukomeza ibiganiro n’abayobozi babifitiye ububasha bo muri Nijeri (…) no gufata ingamba zose zikenewe kugira ngo icyemezo cyo kwirukana kitabangamira uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’abatujwe ”.
Ubu umuyaga w’ubwoba urahuha kuri aba bahoze batuye Arusha. Bahise bongera kuba abadafite ibyangombwa. Kuko Abategetsi ba Nijeri, hasigaye iminsi itatu ngo basohore iryo teka, babambuye impushya zo gutura, bitwaje impamvu irimo amacenga ko hari ibintu bagiye gukosora kuri izo nyandiko. Nijeri inyuranya ityo n’amasezerano yagiranye n’umuryango w’abibumbye, ateganya ko “Repubulika ya Nijeri iha abantu barekuwe cyangwa babaye abere, nta bwishyu, kuba abaturage bahoraho, ikanabaha ibyangombwa bibaranga by’ingenzi mu mezi atatu akurikira kwinjira ku butaka bwayo”.
Noheri irarangiye. Urumuri rw’icyizere kuri aba badafite ibyangombwa rwazimye. Umwe muri bo uwifuza kutamenyekana, yagize ati: “Ibintu byose birajya i rudubi.” Ati “Ntabwo tuzi niba “Mechanism” yaratugurishije, cyangwa niba atari u Rwanda rwashyize igitutu kuri guverinoma ya Nijeri. Twaracemerewe”. Undi ati “Uburyo twavanywe shishi itabona Arusha, byacaga amarenga y’ikintu kibi”.
NIJERI YATEGETSWE GUHAGARIKA IYIRUKANWA
Icyemezo cya Nijeri cyasohotse mu gihe abayobozi ba Mechanism bari bari mu kiruhuko. Ariko Abanyarwanda ntibicaye kandi batewe. Bashatse abunganizi mu mategeko, aho muri Nijeri, aba nabo basaba abayobozi n’inzego z’ubutabera bireba, guhagarika icyemezo cyo kwirukana aba Banyarwanda. Ku ya 29 Ukuboza, batatu mu babaye abere, babinyujije ku bunganizi babo mpuzamahanga, barimo Umunyamerika ukomeye Peter Robinson, banasabye “Mechanism”, gutegeka Nijeri, “kubemerera gukomeza kuba” ku butaka bwayo “kugeza igihe Gerefiye wa Mechanism azaba yashyizeho gahunda yo kubimurira mu kindi gihugu cyizewe cyangwa se icyemezo cyo kubirukana cyavanyweho.”
Mu gihe gito, inkubiri y’umuyaga yacubye. Ku munsi integuza y’iminsi irindwi irangiriraho, umwanditsi wungirije, Horejah Bala Gaye, yandikiye, akoresheje konti ya imeri, ubutumwa abunganira Abanyarwanda agira ati “Repubulika ya Nijeri yemeye guhagarika icyemezo cyo kwirukana abakiriya banyu, mu gihe cy’iminsi 30, mu gihe hagitegerejwe igisubizo”.
Umucamanza wa Mechanism, Joseph E. Chiondo Masanche wo muri Tanzaniya yari yategetse, ku ya 31 Ukuboza, abategetsi ba Nijeri gutanga “mu minsi 30” ibisobanuro byanditse “byerekeye agaciro k’iteka ryo kwirukana”, ategeka ” Nijeri gusubika ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’itegeko ryerekeye kwirukana no guha uburenganzira abantu batujwe kuguma ku butaka bwayo, hakurikijwe amasezerano (…), kugeza igihe iki kibazo gikemukiye burundu ”.
IGICUCU CY’U RWANDA
Byagira izihe ngaruka, ntawe ubizi. Nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko Nijeri, mu guhagarika irangizwa ry’icyemezo cyo kwirukana mu minsi 30, yemeye icyemezo cy’umucamanza wa Mechanism. Kuko nta nyandiko yemewe yaturutse muri Nijeri, kuva iteka ryo kwirukana risohotse, usibye kwanga cyane ibyifuzo byagejejwe ku nzego bw’ubutegetsi n’ubutabera bwa Nijeri, mu izina ry’Abanyarwanda umunani, n’Umunyamategeko Hamadou Kadidiatou mu kibazo cya “Protais Zigiranyirazo n’abandi barindwi na Leta ya Nijeri”. Uyu Munyamategeko w’Umunyanijerikazi yasabye guhagarika iyirukanwa, “mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ibyemezo by’amategeko [Nijeri] yasinye nta gahato”, kandi yibutsa ko abakiriya be, ubu badafite ibyangombwa, bashoboraga “koherezwa mu Rwanda”. Umwunganizi mu mategeko ntiyabuze kongera mu cyifuzo cye ko “nta gushidikanya ko, guverinoma y’u Rwanda ari yo iri inyuma yo kwirukanwa” kw’abakiriya be, n’ubwo nta kimenyetso yatanze.
Ntabwo ari we wenyine utunga u Rwanda agatoki muri iki kibazo. Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira iki gitekerezo cyo kwivanga k’u Rwanda muri iki ibazo kigenda gishinga imizi mu batavuga rumwe n’u Rwanda bari mu buhungiro, harimo na Kongere y’Igihugu y’u Rwanda (RNC), mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara ku ya 30 Ukuboza 2021, hagaragazwa ikimenyetso kimwe, ariko ntakuka, cy’ukutanyurwa k’uhagarariye u Rwanda mu Muryango w’abibumbye, Valentine Rugwabiza, Tariki ya 13 Ukuboza, kwagaragaye hatangajwe ituzwa ry’Abanyarwanda muri Nijeri.
Yinubira ko igihugu cye kitigeze kibimenyeshwa, yasobanuye ko guverinoma ye itegereje ibisobanuro bivuye muri Mechanism, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’amafaranga yakoreshejwe igihe “ibibazo byabo byari byararangiye”. Rugwabiza yagize ati “Turizera ko Nijeri izakoresha inshingano zayo kugira ngo hatagira umuntu ukoresha ubutaka bwayo kugira ngo ahungabanye amahoro n’umutekano by’akarere k’ibiyaga bigari nk’uko byagenze mu bihe byashize”, nk’uko byatangajwe n’ibinyamakuru bishyigikye Leta ya Kigali nk’Imvaho Nshya na New Times.
Ikinyamakuru Afro America Network, gifite icyicaro i Baltimore, muri Amerika, kivuga byinshi. Mu kiganiro cyasohotse ku rubuga rwacyo ku ya 28 Ukuboza, cyatanzwe n’utarashatse ko avugwa wo muri guverinoma ya Nijeri, iki kinyamakuru cyo kuri murandasi kivuga ko iteka ryo kwirukanwa ryaciwe “nyuma y’uko Perezida wa Nijeri Mohamed Bazoum ahamagawe umwanya munini na Perezida w’Ubufaransa, Emmanuel Macron, ku ya 20 Ukuboza 2021”.
Iki kinyamakuru kivuga ko uko guhamagara kwari kwerekeranye n’ubufasha bwasabwe na Perezida Bazoum – bivugwa ko yarokotse guhirikwa ku butegetsi iminsi ibiri mbere yo kurahira kwe – kugira ngo hashimangirwe uburyo bwo kumurinda ndetse hanarindwe ahantu h’ingenzi mu gihugu cye. U Rwanda, nk’uko iki kinyamakuru kibitangaza, ngo ubu rwaba rurinda inyungu z’Ubufaransa muri Mozambike, rwegerewe na Macron, rwaba rwaremeye kwitanga, ariko rukaba rwaratanze icyifuzo cyo kugira ngo narwo rwohereze itsinda muri Nijeri, icyo cyifuzo cyabaye icyo kwirukana “bidatinze” muri Nijeri, Abanyarwanda umunani.
Kuri uwo munsi, nk’uko Afro America Network ibivuga, Perezida wa Nijeri Mohamed Bazoum yaba yarahamagaye mugenzi we w’Ubufaransa maze afata icyemezo cyo kwirukana Abanyarwanda.
URUNGABANGABO MURI NIAMEY
Bizagenda bite nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu yo guhagarika iyirukanwa? Ese ku bw’ibyago, bashobora gusubira muri Tanzaniya? Nta kintu na kimwe kidashidikanywaho. Kuri ubu, Abunganira abo ba magorwa, barasaba ko “Mechanism” yimurira byihutirwa abakiriya bayo mu gihugu “cyizewe”. Ariko twibagiweko nta gihugu cyabemeye muri iyi myaka hafi makumyabiri! Umunyamategeko w’Ububiligi Me Jean Flamme, wunganira inyungu za Innocent Sagahutu, yemeza ko “Guverinoma ya Nijeri rwose itizewe kubera ko yarenze ku masezerano mpuzamahanga yasinyanye na Loni, nyuma y’ibyumweru bike atangiye gukurikizwa”. Kuri we, akaga ubu ni “ishimutwa rishoboka” ry’aba bantu, kuri ubu bambuwe umudendezo, badafite ibyangombwa, kandi “bagoswe n’abapolisi bitwaje intwaro”.
Iyo ubajijwe, Mechanism “ntabwo itanga, kuri ubu, ibisobanuro kuri iki kibazo”.
ICYENDA “BATAGIRA IBYANGOMBWA” B’URUKIKO RWA ARUSHA (TPIR/ICTR)
Abayobozi b’Abanyarwanda bakurikira baburanishijwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha ku Rwanda (TPIR/ICTR), rufite icyicaro Arusha (Tanzaniya) barekurwa nyuma yo guhanagurwaho icyaha cyangwa nyuma yo gurangiza ibihano. Bose bategereje igihugu cyabakira, bakurikiranye hano hakurikijwe igihe, bamaze mu nzu “irinzwe” Arusha, aho babanaga, uhereye k’uwahageze mbere:
- André Ntagerura (ufite imyaka 72), wahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubwikorezi, yagizwe umwere ku rwego rwa mbere no mu bujurire, ku ya 7 Nyakanga 2006.
- Protais Zigiranyirazo (84), muramu wa Yuvenali Habyarimana wahoze ari Perezida w’u Rwanda, yagizwe umwere ku bujurire ku ya 26 Ugushyingo 2009.
- Jérôme Bicamumpaka (65) wahoze ari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, yagizwe umwere, kuya Ku ya 30 Nzeri 2011.
- Anatole Nsengiyumva (ufite imyaka 72), wahoze ayobora iperereza rya gisirikare, yakatiwe mu bujurire igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ku ya 14 Ukuboza 2011, yarekuwe kubera igihe yafunzwe by’agateganyo.
- Tharcisse Muvunyi (ufite imyaka 69), wahoze ayobora Ishuri ry’Abasuzofisiye I Butare (mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda) yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 mu bujurire ku ya 1 Mata 2011, yarekuwe ku ya 6 Werurwe 2011 nyuma yo kurangiza 2/3 by’igihano yakatiwe.
- Prosper Mugiraneza (65) wahoze ari Minisitiri w’abakozi ba Leta, yagizwe umwere mu bujurire, Ku ya 4 Gashyantare 2014.
- François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye (67) wahoze ayobora batayo y’iperereza ry’ingabo, yagizwe umwere, Ku ya 11 Gashyantare 2014’
- Innocent Sagahutu (60) wahoze ari umuyobozi wungirije wa batayo ishinzwe iperereza, yakatiwe imyaka 15 mu bujurire ku ya 11 Gashyantare 2014, arekurwa nyuma y’amezi atatu, nyuma yo kurangiza 2/3 by’igihano yakatiwe.
- Alphonse Ntizeryayo (75), wahoze ari perefe wa Butare (mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda), yakatiwe mu bujurire ku ya 14 Ukuboza 2015 igifungo cy’imyaka 25, arekurwa nyuma yo kurangiza 3/4 by’igihano.
Byahinduwe na
RUGEMINTWAZA Erasme.
