Igitabo “Uko Paulo Kagame yatanze abatutsi ho ibitambo” cyanditswe na JMV Ndagijimana mw’icapiro LA PAGAIE.
“Amaze kwanduza itsembabwoko ryakorewe Abatutsi, icyari gisigaye kuri Paul Kagame ni ugucecekesha abatavuga rumwe na we b’ingenzi. Mu ngamba za FPR, abanyabwenge b’Abahutu bashoboraga kuzavamo abashobora kumutsinda. Byari ngombwa kubaburizamo byanze bikunze. Paul Kagame ntiyigeze ahisha ko uwo bahanganye aburizwamo mu by’ukuri ari uko umucecekesheje burundu. Nkuko akunze kubisubiramo kenshi, «Uwapfuye ni we wenyine utavuga».
Kiliziya Gatorika icibwa umutwe
Hari abepisikopi n’abapadiri ba kiriziya gatorika barimo Abahutu n’Abatutsi bahunze imirwano yakurikiye iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana, bahurira i Gakurazo, umusozi uri hafi y’icyicaro cya kiliziya gatolika ya Kabgayi mu ntara yo mu gihugu rwagati. Harimo Musenyeri Visenti Nsengiyumva, umushumba wa diyoseze ya Kigali, Yozefu Ruzindana, umushumba wa diyoseze ya Byumba na Tadeyo Nsengiyumva, umushumba wa diyoseze ya Kabgayi akaba n’Umukuru w’inama y’abepisikopi, Musenyeri JMV Rwabilinda, wari wungirije uwo mwepisikopi, Musenyeri Inosenti Gasabwoya, wahoze yuwungirije umwepisikopi. Hari na none umuyobozi mukuru w’abafurere bita Abayozafiti, Yohani Batisita Nsinga, Padiri Diyonizi Mutabazi wo muri Diyoseze ya Nyundo, ba Padiri Emanweli Uwimana, umuyobozi wa seminari ntoya, Silivesitiri Ndaberetse, umunyakigega mukuru, Berenari Ntamugabumwe, uhagarariye uburezi gatorika mu rwego rwa perefegitura, Farasisiko Saveri Muligo, padiri mukuru wa katedarari hamwe n’abamwungirije Aluferedi Kayibanda na Fideli Gahonzire, wari unashinzwe ibitaro bya Kabgayi.
Ku itariki ya 5 Kamena 1994, Paul Kagame yohereje abasirikari b’aba komando kabuhariwe bayobowe n’abasirikari bakuru kujya kwica abanyacyubahiro bose bari i Gakurazo. Abepisikopi n’abafasha babo barundanyirijwe mu cyumba hanyuma barabarasa, babicana ubugome bukabije butigeze bubaho mu mateka ya Kiliziya gatorika y’u Rwanda. Biragaragara ko ubwo bwicanyi bwateguwe ku buryo bonononsoye na Paul Kagame ubwe. Ubwo bwicanyi ni ubwo kwamaganwa cyane cyane ko abo bakozi ba kiliziya bari banze guhunga Gakurazo mu rwego rwo kwifatanya n’impunzi ibihumbi 30 z’Abatutsi zari zabahungiyeho. Imyaka cumi n’ine nyuma y’ubwo bwicanyi bubi bwahitanye abakozi ba kiliziya, habaye igisa n’urubanza cyateguwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame, abasirikari bakuru bayoboye ubwo bwicanyi barekurwa n’urukiko rwa gisirikari. Nta gitangaje kuko tuzi ko abo bicanyi baburanishwaga na bagenzi babo bari kumwe ku rugamba. Ni ukuvuga ko abakoze ubwicanyi bwa Gakurazo batazigera babuhanirwa.
Guheza no kurimbura ubwoko bw’Abahutu
Ni iki kigaragara? Mu gihe Bernard Kouchner yasangiraga na Paul Kagame ku Murindi, ingabo ze zatsembaga ruhongohongo Abahutu bize mu turere FPR yari yarigaruriye. Kugira ngo mbashe kubibereka neza ndifashisha igitabo dusabwa gusoma na Bernard Kouchner ubwe. Mu gitabo J’ai serré la main du diable. La faillite de l’humanité au Rwanda, Éditions Libre Expression, 2003, ku rupapuro rwa 475, Jenerali Dallaire aragira ati: «Twabonye ibyegeranyo bivuga ubwicanyi bwakorewe b’Abahutu bahoze bakorera guverinoma n’imiryango yabo. Ubwo bwicanyi bwabereye cyane cyane mu turere twa Byumba na Ngarama. Nkuko Deme (wa MINUAR) yabivuze, imfubyi nyinshi z’Abahutu zabaga i Byumba, aho Bernard Kouchner wo mu Baganga Batagira Umupaka yari yagiye kureba niba yahakora ibikorwa cy’ubutabazi. Mu rwego rwo kutunaniza, FPR yashyizeho amabwiriza avuga ahantu abagenzuzi bacu bashoboraga kugera. Umurongo wa nyuma w’icyegeranyo cya Deme wavugaga ibikurikira: «Dufite gihamya ko baduhatiye amabwiriza kugira ngo FPR ishobore gukomeza ibikorwa byayo, by’umwihariko ubwicanyi.»
Ibyo umugaba wa MINUAR ahamya hano ni ibanga rizwi na bose. Ni ukuvuga ko ibice byose yarimo, FPR yaturutse ruhande irimbura ibihumbi by’Abahutu bize n’imiryango yabo: ba perefe ba za perefegitura, ba burugumesitiri, abajyanama ba komini, abanyamategeko, abarimu, abagoronome ba perefegitura, abaganga, abaforomo n’abandi bakozi ba leta bo mu nzego zitandukanye, tutibagiwe n’abihaye Imana nkuko tumaze kubibona. Icyo ubwo bwicanyi bwose bwari buhuriyeho ni uko abicwaga ari Abahutu bize.
Gutsemba abanyabwenge bose b’ubwoko runaka ni uburyo bwo kurimbura ubwo bwoko. Byibuze igice kimwe cyabwo. Ni igikorwa cy’itsembabwoko giteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurinda no guhana itsembabwoko. Cyane cyane ko uko guhiga abanyabwenge b’Abahutu kwakomeje na nyuma y’aho inyeshyamba zifatiye ubutegetsi. Nitwibuke abazize ubwo bwicanyi bw’indengakamere bazira gusa ubwoko n’ibitekerezo byabo bya politiki byatumye bacirwa urwo gupfa! Bernard Kouchner yari ahari! Yagombye kumenya ibyabaye igihe yari mu Rwanda. Biratangaje kuba uwo muganga w’Umufaransa atarigeze avuga ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abahutu bukorwa n’ingabo z’incuti ye Paul Kagame. Nyamara nkuko Jenerali Dallaire abivuga, mu gihe yaganiraga na Paul Kagame, ingabo za FPR zicaga abakozi ba leta n’imiryango yabo. Bernard Kouchner n’Abaganga batagira umupaka bakoreraga mu turere FPR yari yarigaruriye muri icyo gihe ntibashoboraga kutabona ubwo bwicanyi bwibasiye imbaga. Keretse niba na Jenerali Roméo Dallaire ari umubeshyi! Mu by’ukuri, byashimisha kumenya icyo Bernard Kouchner atekereza ku bivugwa muri icyo gice cy’igitabo cya Jenerali Dallaire. Niba na Jenerali Dallaire yarabeshye, Minisitiri Kouchner azabivuge. Niba uwo mujenerali wo muri Kanada avuga ukuri, Bernard Kouchner ahindure imvugo ye ku itsembabwoko yo mu Rwanda hanyuma asigeho kuvuga ko Paul Kagame ari we uhagarariye abacitse ku icumu kandi ari we wabamariye ku icumu.
Ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abahutu bize
Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, FPR yatangiye ubwicanyi burobanuye mu murwa mukuru no mu maperefegitura yari yari ifitemo ibirindiro. Ni uko abakozi benshi bo nzego zo hejuru, abahoze ari abasirikari bakuru n’abahoze ari abanyepolitiki batunguwe mu ngo zabo bakicwa nabi. Bazira gusa ko bari Abahutu. Ababishe ni abasirikari ba FPR bari mu mutwe witwa Network Commando, bari baracengeye muri Kigali mbere y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyarimana, cyangwa bari bavuye mu nzu y’inteko ishinga amategeko yari icumbitsemo abasirikari n’abayobozi ba FPR bari aho i Kigali bateganyirijwe kujya mu nzego z’inzibacyuho zari zumvikanyweho mu masererano y’amahoro ya Arusha. Nkuko byagaragajwe nyuma yaho na bamwe mu bari bagize Network Commando bigometse kuri FPR bari mu bakoze ubwo bwicanyi, abicanyi bari bafite amalisiti yateguwe mbere y’igihe yariho amazina y’abishwe n’aho bari batuye.
Mu bo nibuka neza nubwo ntabarondora bose, navuga amazina ya bamwe na bamwe bishwe n’abasirikari ba Paul Kagame mu masaha yakurikiye urupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana.
Emili Nyungura n’umuryango we wose : umuhungu we Corneille w’umuririmbyi niwe wenyine warokotse ubwo bwicanyi bw’indengakamere. Se wa Corneille, nubwo yari Umututsi, yashinjwaga na Paul Kagame kugirana ubucuti n’abantu bakoranaga na MRND, ishyaka rya Perezida Habyarimana no kuba yarashatse umugore w’Umuhutu ukomoka mu Burundi. Namenyanye Emili Nyungura bwa mbere muri za 1980-1981. Icyo gihe yari umunyeshuri mu Budage, yari aje kundeba kuri ambasade y’u Rwanda i Buruseli aho nari nshinzwe imirimo y’ubujyanama mu muco. Amafaranga ye y’ishuri yari amaze guhagarikwa n’Akanama k’Ubukungu gahuriweho n’Ibihugu by’i Buraya (CEE) kuko yari yatinze kurangiza amashuri. Nyuma yo y’ibiganiro nagiranye n’abashinzwe icyo kibazo muri CEE, nashoboye kugarura ibintu mu buryo maze Emili yongera kubona amafaranga y’ishuri. Uwo mubonano utunguranye wabaye imbarutso y’umubano mwiza wa gicuti mu bwubahane waturanze kugeza umunsi yiciwe n’abasirikari ba Paul Kagame muri Mata 1994. Aho yari atuye ku Kicukiro, yari aturanye n’umwe mu bavandimwe banjye. Nubwo navuye mu Rwanda muri Mutarama 1986, nakomeje guhana amakuru na Emili ndetse nkajya mbonana na we igihe nabaga nagiye i Kigali. Paul Kagame yaramwicishije kubera ko yari yaranze guhemukira igihugu cye yitwaje ubwoko gusa. Igihe nari i Kigali hagati ya Nyakanga n’Ukwakira 1994, abasirikari ba FPR ntibahishe urwango bafitiye abo bitaga«abagambanyi nka Emili Nyungura». Mu gihe umuvandimwe we Kalinda, umunyamakuru kuri Radiyo Canada akaba n’umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa FPR, yaje mu Rwanda muri Kanama– Nzeri, ndibuka ko twahuye tukaganira ku by’iyicwa rw’umuvandimwe we. Nzi neza ko azi uwatanze umuvandimwe we. Nzi kandi ko ubwitange bwe mu gukorera FPR bumubuza kuvuga ukuri kuri ayo marorerwa. Wenda ni uburenganzira bwe, ariko ndahamye ko umunsi umwe azicuza kutagira ubutwari bwo kuvuga ukuri.
Abishe Abatutsi mu gihe abasirikari ba Paul Kagame barimburaga umuryango wa Corneille baraburanishijwe, ndetse bamwe muri bo baranishwe. Kuki abirimbuye umuryango wa Nyungura batabihanirwa?
Umuryango wa Selesitini Ndagijimana. Uwo mugabo yahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru w’isanduku y’ukuzigama y’u Rwanda yicanwe n’umuryango we wose. Selesitini Ndagijimana yari inyangamugayo ku buryo budasanzwe. Umufasha we Antoniya yambereye umunyamabanga muri Minisiteri y’abakozi ba leta n’imirimo. Selesitini, Antoniya n’abana babo bishwe n’abakomando ba Paul Kagame. Bazira ko bari Abahutu.
Karawudiyani Habarushaka, bakundaga kwita «Yezu», ni Umuhutu wiciwe mu rugo rwe i Remera ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994. Ntangira akazi nk’umukozi wa leta muri 1978, Karawudiyani Habarushaka yari umunyamabanga mukuru muri Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu n’amajyambere ya komini yayoborwaga na Koloneli Alegisi Kanyarengwe. Namubereye umujyanama mu by’amategeko mu gihe cy’umwaka n’igice. Yari umugabo ucisha make nka bake. Karawudiyani Habarushaka yari ishuti izira ubutati. Simbasha kwihanganira ko abamwishe bakomeza kwidegembya badahanwe ngo ni uko gusa batsinze intambara kandi bakingiwe ikibaba n’agatsiko k’abanyamahanga bativuga mu izina.
Sinarondora ngo ndanzize izo ncuti, ababyara, abaturanyi, abatazwi mu izina bose bahitanywe n’abicanyi ba Paul Kagame babasanze basinziriye. Reka ntanga izindi ngero nke z’abishwe bazize ko ari Abahutu indege ya Perezida Habyarimana imaze kuraswa.
Silivesitiri Baliyanga, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, wicanwe n’umuryango we wose ku icumbi ryabo i Remera ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994.
Matiyasi Myasiro, umucuruzi wiciwe i Remera.
Yohani Hategekimana, Perezida w’Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Kigali, wicanwe n’umuryango we n’abavandimwe ba bari bamusuye ku Kacyiru ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994;
Daniyeli Rwananiye, wahoze ari Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Banki y’Ubucuruzi mu Rwanda, wiciwe ku Kicukiro n’umugore we, abana be bose n’umukozi wo mu rugo bakarusimbuka;
Aloyizi Habimana, Diregiteri muri Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi, wicanwe n’umuryango we wose i Remera;
Nsengiyumva Tewodori, twiganye mu iseminari ntoya ku Nyundo, wicanwen’umuryango we wose i Remera;
Ferederiko Mupenda, umukozi mukuru muri BUNEP (Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe kwiga za gahunda), wiciwe ku Kacyiru;
Mariseli Munyengabe, wari Perezida w’Urukiko rugenga Imari, wishwe ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994;
Emanuweli Bahigiki n’umuryango we;
Aroni Akamahari, umucuruzi, wiciwe i Remera mu ijoro ryo kuwa 6 Mata 1994;
Ponsiyani Hakizimana, koloneli w’umujandarume wari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, wiciwe i Remera ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994;
Helena Bugenimana, majoro w’umujandarume, umugore wa liyetona koloneli Lawurenti Nubaha. Yicanwe n’abana be i Remera ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994;
Umuryango wa Yoziyasi Mwongereza warimbuwe hamwe n’abantu mirongo ine yari acumbikiye. Mwongereza uwo yari umuvandimwe wa Silasi Majyambere, umucuruzi uzwi cyane mu Rwanda wari waragiye muri FPR mu ntangiriro z’intambara (muri 1990).
Amayeri yo kwicira abantu benshi icyarimwe
Mu cyo yise «Ubuhamya bugamije kugaragaza ukuntu guverinoma y’u Rwanda na FPR bagize uruhare mu makosa yatumye itsembabwoko ribaho», liyetona Abuduli Ruzibiza, ni we ugarutse, yaragize ati: «FPR yafashe ingamba zo gutera umwanzi (Nijye usobanura: Ingabo z’u Rwanda) bamugose; twamusibiraga amayira yose yo kugemurira abari ku rugamba. Kuzenguruka umwanzi bishaka kuvuga ko twirindaga guhangana n’umwanzi tumuturutse imbere tugacengera mu duce dutuwe n’abaturage inyuma y’ibirindiro by’ingabo za guverinoma. Kubera ko abo baturage nta cyizere bari badufitiye, baturegeraga ingabo za guverinoma zashoboraga kudutera zimaze kumenya aho turi ndetse n’uko tungana. Muri abo baturage, uwo twakekaga ko yatubonye yagombaga kwicwa, kubera ko nta bushobozi twari dufite bwo kumucecekesha kandi tutazi igihe tuzamara muri ibyo birindiro. Ni ukuvuga ko igihe cyose twagombaga kugota umwanzi, twahabwaga amabwiriza yo kwica abaturage bose nta mbabazi. Kujya kure n’ibirindiro byacu bisobanura ko kugira ngo tubeho twagombaga gutungwa’ibyo dusanze aho. Twagombaga kwica abaturage, gusahura ibyabo no kubasenyera amazu kugira ngo dutware amatungo yabo adutunge: ihene, inkoko, inka.»
Mwumve ubuhamya buteye umususu! Uwo mugabo wahoze ari inyeshyamba arangiza agira ati: «Itandukanyirizo hagati ya FPR na Guverinoma ni uko ubwicanyi bwakorwaga na FPR bwabaga ari ibikorwa byakozwe n’abanyamwuga babyitoje bihagije; babikoraga nta banyamakuru bahari, birinda ko abagenzuzi bigenga bahagera, mu gihe Guverinoma yafatanyaga n’Interahamwe kwica bamaze kubaha urumogi bakanabitangaza bigamba kuri Radiyo RTLM, no mu binyamakuru byose byari mu maboko ya Habyarimana». Ngiki igisobanura impamvu amarorerwa yakozwe rwihishwa n’ingabo za Paul Kagame bwatinze kujya ahagaragara. Ubwo bwicanyi bwarangije kumenyekanye hose bubarirwa mu byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu, ibyaha by’intambara cyangwa ibikorwa by’itsembabwoko nkuko byemejwe nyuma n’imiryango mpuzamahanga myinshi yigenga iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu, iri ku isonga ikaba Amnesty International na Human Rights. Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rutegereje iki ngo rukurikirana abakoze ibyo byaha ndengakamere?
Ubuhamya natanze ku bwicanyi bwabaye hagati ya Nyakanga na Nzeri 1994
Twabibonye haruguru, ibyegeranyo n’ubuhamya bishyira ahagaragara uruhare rwa FPR kugeza ubu bagiye babirigisa ku bushake. Ni uko ibyegeranyo by’amaperereza bikurikira byashyinguwe burundu, ku cyemezo cya Kofi Annan, wahoze ari Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Umuryango w’Abibumbye:
– Icyegeranyo ya Robert Gersony, impuguke y’umunyamerika yakoze iperereza ku bwicanyi bwibasiye Abahutu hagati ya Nyakanga na Nzeri 1994;
– Icyegeranyo cya Michael Hourigan, umugenzuzi wa TPIR, ku ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyarimana;
– Ubuhamya Yohani Petero Mugabe, wahoze ari umusirikari mukuru mu nzego z’iperereza rya FPR ku ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyarimana;
– Icyegeranyo cya Roberto Garreton ku bwicanyi bwakorewe impunzi z’Abahutu muri Zayire n’ibindi byegeranyo byinshi ku bwicanyi bwakozwe na FPR. Ibyo byegeranyo byavaga ahanini mu mashyirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu nka Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamategeko b’Abanyafurika, n’andi ntarondoye.
Ku byerekeye icyegeranyo cya Gersony, ndagira ngo mpamye mvuguruza ibyo bamwe mu bayobozi b’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, icyo cyegeranyo cyabayeho koko. Narakibonye, nacyakiriye mu biganza byanjye, naragisomye. Koko rero, ku itariki ya 19 Nzeri 1994, nyuma y’amezi abiri hashyizweho guverinoma y’ubumwe bw’igihugu ihuriweho n’amashyaka menshi, mu nshingano zanjye nka Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, nakiriye birambuye intumwa z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ziyobowe na Bwana Kofi Annan, akiri Umunyamabanga mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ishami ry’ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro. Kofi Annan yari aherekejwe na Bwana Robert Gersony, na Bwana Shaharyar Khan, wari intumwa yihariye y’Umunyamabanga mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu Rwanda, na Bwana Morjane, Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ibibazo by’Afurika muri HCR, kimwe na Bwana Urasa ukomoka muri Tanzaniya, wari intumwa ya HCR mu Rwanda. Kofi Annan, waje kugirwa Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye akanahabwa Igihembo cy’Amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel – ntimunzize kuba ntamuvuzeho byinshi –, yari amaze kunsogongeza ku cyegeranyo cya Bwana Robert Gersony, impuguke y’umunyamerika woherejwe ku mugaragaro n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Mpunzi (HCR) ibitewemo inkunga na USAID kugira ngo akore iperereza ku mutekano mu Rwanda nyuma yaho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi.
Icyegeranyo cya Gersony cyageze ku mwanzuro uvuga ko ikibazo cy’umutekano muke mu gihugu kitashishikariza gutaha impunzi nyinshi z’Abahutu ziri mu bihugu by’abaturanyi, kubera iterabwoba n’ubwicanyi bwibaasiye imbaga mu gihugu cyose bukozwe n’ingabo za FPR zihimura ku baturage b’Abahutu basigaye mu Rwanda. Robert Gerson n’itsinda rye ry’abagenzuzi babaruye Abahutu basaga 30.000 bishwe n’ingabo za FPR mu mezi abiri mu ma perefegitura atatu y’igihugu. Nasabye Kofi Annan kunsigira kopi y’icyegeranyo cy’iyo mpuguke, ansubiza ko kubera ko ikiri ibanga, Bwana Boutros Boutros Ghali azanyoherereza kopi mu buryo bwemewe igihe nikigera. Nashoboye ariko kuyinyuzamo amaso, mbere yuko impuguke iyinsobanurira ku buryo burambuye.
Mbere yuko agenda, Kofi Annan wari uyoboye intumwa za ONU yamburiye ko niba Guverinoma idafashe ingamba zo guhagarika ubwicanyi bukabije bwibasira ku buryo burobanuye abaturage b’Abahutu, ko na yo ubwayo izaregwa itsembabwoko. Ubwicanyi ntibwigeze buhagarara, nyamara Guverinoma iyobowe Paul Kagame ntiyigeze ishinjwa itsembabwoko!
Amasaha makumyabiri n’ane nyuma y’uruzinduko rwa Kofi Annan, nakiriye mu biro byanjye Bwana Timothy Wirth, umunyamabanga wa leta y’Amerika ushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu, aherekejwe na Ambasaderi wa Amerika mu Rwanda, Bwana David Rawson. Umunyamabanga wa leta y’Amerika, wahurujwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumye, yari aje kwiyumvira uko guverinoma y’u Rwanda yakiriye ibirego biri mu cyegeranyo cya Gersony. Mu magambo amwe nk’ay’uhagarariye Umuryango w’Abibumbye, umunyabanga wa leta y’Amerika yansabye kumenyesha guverinoma y’u Rwanda impungenge z’abayobozi ba Amerika ku bikorwa bikabije bihohotera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu mu Rwanda. Kubwa uwo muyobozi wo muri Amerika, nta kintu na kimwe cyashoboraga kuvuguruza icyo cyegeranyo, kubera ko cyakozwe n’impuguke yigenga kandi yoherejwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumye ubitewemo inkunga na guverinoma y’inshuti, ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, ibinyujije muri USAID. Ibyaha bibashinja byasesenguwe ku buryo bunonosoye kandi byaragaragaraga. Icyegeranyo kigaragaza ahantu, umunsi, ubwoko bw’ibyaha, uburyo bwakorereshejwe mu kwica no kuburizamo imirambo, n’amazina ya bamwe mu bishwe. Icyo cyegeranyo kigaragaza nanone amazina ya bamwe mu basirikari bakuru ba FPR yatangajwe n’abaturage b’Abahutu bacitse ku icumu. Igihe kigeze nabimenyesheje Minisitiri w’Intebe Fawusitini Twagiramungu, na we washoboye kubonana n’izo ntumwa zombi.
Perezida Pasitori Bizimungu wari mu nama mpuzamahanga i Den Haag (La Haye) mu gihe izo ntumwa za ONU zari mu Rwanda, yamenyeshejwe imyanzuro y’icyegeranyo cya Gersony akigera mu Rwanda, mu mpera za Nzeri 1994. Mu ntangiriro z’Ukwakira 1994, Pasitori Bizimungu yazindukiye hutihuti i Washington n’i New York, yakirwa n’abagize ubutegetsi bwa Clinton ndetse n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru a ONU. Yansabye kumuherekeza muri urwo rugendo, mboneraho umwanya wo kumubwira icyo ntekereza ku bwicanyi buvugwa na Robert Gesony. Pasitori Bizimungu wahoraga agenzurwa n’«umujyanama» we Karoli Muligande yabaye nk’uhangayikishijwe n’icyo kibazo, ariko ntiyabitindaho. Mu biganiro binyuranye yagiranye n’abategetsi b’Amerika n’aba ONU, Perezida Bizimungu yikomye arakaye cyane abayobozi ba ONU abaziza ko, nkuko yabyivugiye, «bategetse gukora iperereza rihuteho, bagambiriye gusa guharabika isura ya Guverinoma y’ubumwe bw’igihugu». Yasabye abayobozi b’Amerika «kudufasha gushyira icyegeranyo cya Gersony mu myumvire y’ibya nyuma y’itsembabwoko». Kubwe, hari «ibihe bya nyuma y’itsembabwoko» aho ingabo za FPR zagombaga kwica nta mususu abaturage zitikanga kwamaganwa n’amahanga.
I Washington, Perezida Bizimungu yabonanye n’umuyobozi mukuru wa USAID, ari we Bwana Brian Atwood, turi kumwe. Amaze kumvikanisha icyizere gisesuye afitiye Robert Gersony, uwo muyobozi w’umunyamerika yibukije ko umuryango we wateye inkunga iryo perereza ryakozwe n’impuguke y’umunyamerika. Asobanura akomeje ko Amerika igiye guhindura umubano wayo n’igihugu cyacu, kubera ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bwagaragaye mu cyegeranyo cya Gersony. Pasitori Bizimungu yasubizanye ubukana budasanzwe, ariko Bwana Atwood aguma ku izima.
Muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’Amerika, Bizimungu yagiranye ikiganiro na George Moose, umunyabanga wa leta wungirije ushinzwe ibibazo by’Afurika. Mu biro by’uwo mugabo ye niho iby’icyegeranyo cya Gersony byarangiriye. Yatangiye ikiganiro atarya iminwa kandi avugana icyusa, nuko agenda acururuka kugeza ubwo wumva ijwi rye ari iry’incuti yumva ibintu ikanabyakirana umutima mwiza. Mu gusoza ikiganiro ku cyegeranyo cya Gersony, umunyabanga wa leta wungirije abwira Perezida Bizimungu aya magambo: «Tuzabafasha. Ariko mudufashe kubafasha!» Bisobanuye ngo: Mukurikize inama zacu, natwe tuzabafasha gushyingura burundu icyegeranyo cya Gersony.
Nahise mfata icyemezo kidasubirwaho. Hashize iminsi itanu, neguye ku mirimo yanjye mpitamo ubuhungiro kugira ngo ntangeho isi yose ho umugabo kandi namagane iryo tsembabwoko ryakorewe Abahutu ringanya ububi kandi rikwiye kwamaganwa nk’itsembabwoko ryibasiye Abatutsi kuva muri Mata kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994. Maze kwirukanwa na Guverinoma ya kera kubera kugaragaza no kwamagana ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi, sinashoboraga kuguma muri Guverinoma irimo uruhande rutsemba Abahutu, rukanabikora ruhishe abitwa ko bakorana na rwo. Nahise nsobanukirwa ko imiterere ya FPR ihuye neza n’amateka yayo, nka ya nyana itima nyina akabara. FPR yavukiye mu ntambara y’inyeshyamba zatsinsuye imbaga muri Uganda, igumana kandi inonosora uburyo bwo kwica abantu benshi icyarimwe yakoranaga ubugome n’ubuhanga budasanzwe. Ku ruhande rumwe nicyo gisobanura impamvu njye nanze kurahira mu nzego nshya zari ziganjemo FPR, mu gihe bagenzi banjye bo muri guverinoma bo bahisemo kurahira.
Bigitangira nari nihaye igihe cyo kwitegereza no kuba maso. Kubera izo nyine, mu gihe cy’amezi abiri namaze nitwa ko nyobora Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’igihugu cyanjye, sinigeze nakira abanyamakuru. Ntacyo nigeze ntangariza abanyamakuru, nta n’itangazo na rimwe nigeze nshyira ahagaragara mu mezi abiri namaze i Kigali. Nyamara ibyo kuvuga ntibyari bibuze. Ariko nagombaga guhitamo kimwe mu bintu bibiri: kubeshya mvuga ko byose bigenda neza mu Rwanda, no kuvuga ukuri ku byaberaga i Kigali no mu turere twose tw’igihugu cyanjye. Kwemera kubeshya ngendera hejuru y’imirambo y’abo tuvukana? Numvaga ntabishoboye. Gutangaza ukuri kwari gutangiye kuntera iminkanyari mu maso? Nabyo sinari kubibasha, kuko ntavukiye kwiyahura. Hari umugani wa kinyarwanda uvuga ngo «Utazi ubwenge ashima ubwe». Kubera ko nari nzi uwo tubana, nahisemo kwitegereza bucece, ariko nkora nk’aho turi kumwe kugira ngo hatagira unyibazaho. Nari i Kigali ntahari. Ariko ndashimira Imana yatumye ngumayo igihe gihagije – amezi abiri atarenga –, kugira ngo nsobanukirwe neza uburyo bwose bwashyizweho n’ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame kugira ngo bushimangire imikorere ishingiye ku iterabwoba no kwica baturutse ruhande abatavuga rumwe na bo. Ubutegetsi nk’ubwo butangaho igitambo igice kimwe cy’abo dusangiye igihugu kubera inyungu za politiki ntaho buhuriye n’imigabo yanjye muri politiki n’ibyo umutimanama wanjye ushaka.
Maze kwegura mu kwezi kw’Ukwakira 1994, natangaje kandi namaganye kenshi ubwicanyi bwibasira rubanda y’inzirakarengabe bwagarajwe mu cyegeranyo cya Gersony, nkuko byagaragaye mu kiganiro cyihariye nagiranye icyo gihe n’ikinyamakuru gisohoka buri cyumweru Jeune Afrique no mu bindi binyamakuru.
TPIR yashinzwe ku itariki ya 8 Ugushyingo 1994. Nkuko byumvikana, icyegeranyo cya Gersony cyagaragazaga ibimenyetso simusiga ku bwicanyi bwakoze na FPR byari mu nshingano za TPIR cyarahishwe, kugira ngo «bafashe ubutegetsi bw’incuti»kugaragara nk’abere. Mu by’ukuri, ubwicanyi bwatunzwe agatoki mu cyegeranyo cya Gersony bwari akanunga kagaragara k’umusozi nyamunini uhishe amagana n’amagana y’inzirakarengane zishwe bunyamaswa n’ingabo za FPR mu turere zari zarigaruriye kuva ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990. Ni iki cyate Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye kutagaragaza icyegeranyo cya Gersony? Ni akahe kaboko katagaragara kakuye icyo cyegeranyo mu bindi byegeranyo byagombaga kwigwa byashyikirijwe Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa TPIR? Kuki Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa TPIR uzi ko icyo cyegeranyo kiriho adasaba icyo kimenyetso simusiga gishobora gusobanura neza ibyabaye muri 1994? Nabonye akamanyu k’igisubizo ku kibazo cyanjye mu kwezi kw’Ugushyingo 2002, mu buryo bwatumye ndushaho gukemanga inshingano za TPIR. Nkurikije itangazo nashyize ku mbuga nyinshi za interineti nshinja TPIR ko yahagaritse amaperereza ku bwicanyi bwibasiye inyoko muntu bwakozwe na FPR mu Rwanda, Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa TPIR, Carla Delponte, yarnyakiriye ku cyicaro cy’urukiko i Den Haag (La Haye). Nari umwe mu ntumwa zari zoherejwe n’ammwe mu mashyirahamwe nyarwanda arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Nkuko asanzwe avugisha irimuniga adategwa, Carla Del Ponte yadusobanuriye adakikira ingorane yahuraha na zo mu mirimo ye, ariko adusubiriramo ubushake afite bwo gukurikirana abicanyi bo ku mpande zose za politiki. Kimwe mu bibazo namubajije ni impamvu zateye ihagarikwa ry’icyegeranyo cya Gersony. Nta kubyigurutsa, yemeye ko icyo cyegeranyo kiri mu bubasha bwa TPIR, bityo ko cyagombye gushyirwa mu madosiye y’ibyaha byakozwe mu Rwanda muri 1994 na rumwe mu mpande zari zihanganye. Akomeza avuga ko hakozwe ibishoboka byose kugira ngo icyo cyegeranyo cya Gersony kiboneke kimwe n’ibindi byegeranyo binyuranye by’Umuryango w’Abibumye bigaragaza ubwicanyi bwa FPR, ariko ko byose byabaye imfabusa. Yungamo ati: «Nasabye ku mugararagaro uwahoze ari Komiseri Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye wita ku Mpunzi, Madamu Ogata, kunyoherereza iyo icyegeranyo, ariko nabaye nk’uwikubita ku rutare. Banyumvishije ko atari ngombwa ko icyo cyegeranyo gishyikirizwa urukiko ngo rucyigeho. Muragira ngo nkore iki? Nzagerageza wenda kongera kwibutsa mbisaba Komiseri Mukuru mushya kugira ngo ndebe niba icyo cyegeranyo cyaboneka.»
Wagira ngo TPIR na HCR ntibibarizwa mu muryango umwe w’abibumbye. Haba hariho ku ruhande rumwe, Urukiko mpuzamahanga ruhangayikishijwe no kumenya ukuri, naho ku rundi ruhande hakabaho indi miryango ya ONU ikorana na za guverinoma zica abaturage bazo? Carla Del Ponte yatumenyesheje ko byamurenze agapfa gusaba ko Robert Gersony yashobora kubazwa n’Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa TPIR, na byo biba iby’ubusa. Guverinoma y’Amerika yongeye kwanga ko icyo cyifuzo cyakwakirwa! Nkuko tubibona, Paul Kagame akingirwa ikibaba n’igihugu kimwe cyangwa byinshi bifite uburenganzira bwo kuburizamo ibyemezo no gukoresha igitugu mu buyobozi n’imikorere y’Umuryango w’Abibumye. Si ngombwa kuba umupfumu kugira ngo umuntu amenye ko ubutegetsi bwa Clinton bwicuza kuba bwaranze ko ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zoherezwa guhagarika itsembabwoko, bugahitamo kubarira mu gihombo n’inyungu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’Abahutu b’inzirakarengane Paul Kagame yatsembatsembye.
Muri Nyakanga 1995, mu Buraya intagondwa zo mu bwoko bw’Abaseribe bo muri Bosiniya bishe abantu barenga 800.000 b’igitsina gabo bo mu bwoko bw’Ababosiniyaki bamaze gufata umujyi wa Sereberenitsa (Srebrenica). Ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zananiwe kurinda umutekano w’abaturage. Muri Mutarama 2007, Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwasohoye icyemezo kivuga ko ubwicanyi bwa Srebrenica ari itsembabwoko nyaryo. Kuki ubwicanyi bwahitanye Abahutu barenga 30.000 bukozwe n’ingabo za Paul Kagame hagati ya Nyakanga na Nzeri 1994 butakwitwa itsembabwoko? Ese kubaza icyo kibazo byaba ari ugupfobya itsembabwoko?”
Source: La Tribune Franco-Rwandaise
