Kw’itariki ya 28/01/1961 ni bwo u Rwanda rwavuye mu butegetsi bwari bushingiye ku ngoma ya Cyami rwari rumazemo imyaka magana ane, ruhinduka Repubulika. Kuri uwo munsi ni bwo abayobozi bari bamaze gutorwa n’abaturage mu matora y’amakomini yari yabaye kuva taliki ya 26/6 kugeza kuya 30/7/1960 mu Rwanda hose bateraniye i Gitarama bemeza ko u Rwanda rubaye Repubulika.
Politiki z’ikinyoma za FPR Inkotanyi zivuga ko ku ngoma ya Cyami mu Rwanda ibintu byari byiza ko nta macakubiri n’ibibazo by’amoko hutu/tutsi byabagaho, ko byazanywe na “Parti de l’Emancipation Hutu”kandi atari byo kuko byari bisanzweho na mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu mu Rwanda.
Twibutse ko nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose 1940-1945, u Rwanda rwavuye mu maboko y’ubukoloni bw’Abadage bari bamaze gutsindwa iyo ntambara, rushyikirizwa l’ONU/UN ho indagizo nayo iruragiza igihugu cy’ u Bubiligi. Mu 1948 ni bwo mu Rwanda haje Komisiyo ya l’ONU/UN ije gusura igihugu yahawe ho indagizo isanga hari ubucakara, uburetwa , akarengane n’ubuhake ku banyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu, itangaza muri raporo yayo ko abahutu mu Rwanda bakeneye emancipation, ko biriya byose bigomba kuvaho. Perezida Gregoire Kayibanda na bagenzi be ni aha bashingiye bashyiraho ishyaka Parti de l’Emancipation Hutu mu 1957. Rishingwa ntabwo ryari ishyaka ryo kuvangura amoko kuko abatutsi nta emancipation bari bakeneye, ntawari warabagize abacakara mu gihugu cyabo nk’uko byari byaragendekeye abahutu kuva mu myaka ya 1600 kugeza icyo gihe.
Ububi bw’ingoma ya Cyami ubwayo kugeza ku ngoma y’Umwami Kigeli V ni bwo bwabibye imbuto mbi y’amacakubiri mu Rwanda kuko bwari bwubakiye kw’ivangurabwoko, ubucakara, uburetwa, ubuhake, igitugu, ubwiru n’ikinyoma, uburiganya n’ubuhendanyi, urugomo, akarengane, ubwibone, agasuzuguro, kunena, guheza no kwigizayo abandi, kwigwizaho ibyiza by’igihugu, iterabwoba n’ubwicanyi. Kubera igihe kirekire cyane cy’imyaka 400 ubu butegetsi bwa Cyami bwamaze mu Rwanda, imiterere n’imikorere mibi yabwo yahindutse nk’umuco w’imitegekere y’abanyarwanda muri rusange ku buryo ibibi byabwo byambukiranyije ingoma zose na za repubulika zose kugeza ubu. Mbese ubutegetsi bubi twagize mu Rwanda kuva rwabaho kugeza ubu ni umurage mubi cyane twasigiwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Cyami.
Ku mataliki ya 23 na 24/03/1960 Inteko Idasanzwe y’Igihugu (Conseil Special) yari igizwe n’ amashyaka ane yari akomeye mu Rwanda arimo abahutu n’abatutsi yarateranye yemeza ko Umwami Kigeli V agomba gutangira gukora nk’umwami ushingiye kw’itegeko nshinga nk’uko yari yararahiye abyemera igihe yajyagaho muri Nyakanga 1959. Ayo mashyaka ari yo APROSOMA, UNAR, PARMEHUTU na RADER yandikiye umwami Kigeli ingingo zirindwi yasabwaga kemera ngo azishyireho umukono maze ituze rigaruke mu gihugu. Izo ngingo 7 ni izi zikurikira: (1)gushyiraho guverinoma y’agateganyo ihuriweho n’ariya mashyaka ane agize Inteko Idasanzwe y’igihugu; (2) Umwami kugira agenda (gahunda y’akazi) izwi ntiyitware uko yishakiye; (3) Umwami kuva i Nyanza agatura mu murwa mukuru i Kigali; (4) Umwami kwemera abategetsi b’agateganyo baturutse mu moko yose y’abanyarwanda; (5) Umwami kutagira icyemezo afata kitabanje kwemezwa n’ Inteko Idasanzwe y’Igihugu; (5) Umwami gusinya inyandiko bamugejejeho atarengeje iminsi 8 keretse Inteko Idasanzwe y’Igihugu yongereye igihe; (7) Kalinga gusimburwa n’ibendera ry’igihugu naho abiru bakavaho burundu.
Agatsiko k’abatutsi b’abahezanguni bari batsimbaraye ku kwiharira ubutegetsi n’ibindi byose byiza igihugu kigenera bene cyo, kamugiye mu matwi nawe afatanya nako maze kw’italiki ya 23/04/1960 Umwami Kigeli V asubiza amashyaka agize Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu ko yanze gusinya ibyo bari bamusabye no kubishyira mu bikorwa. Ishyaka rya UNAR ryahise rijya ku ruhande rwe, naho amashyaka yandi atatu ariyo PARMEHUTU, RADER na APROSOMA akora ihuriro cyangwa se impuzamashyaka yise Front Commun yandikira Umwami Kigeli V ko acanye umubano nawe kuko yanze gukiza u Rwanda, ko ibizaba azabaga akifasha.
Kuva taliki ya 26/06 kugeza taliki ya 30/7 ni bwo mu Rwanda habaye bwa mbere amatora mu nzego z’ibanze z’amakomini ahagagarikiwe n’Ababiligi, hatorwa ababurugumesitiri 229 n’abajyanama ba komini 2.896. Muri aba bose 83,8% bari PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA (amashyaka yari yiganjemo abahutu) naho 16,2% ari aba UNAR na RADER (amashyaka yari yiganjemo abatutsi). Hagati aho ariko, mu gihe ayo matora yarimo aba mu gihugu hose, Umwami Kigeli we, wari umaze gucana umubano n’amashyaka ku bushake bwe, taliki ya 26/7/1960 yagiye i Leopolville (Kinshasa) mu butumire bw’umunsi mukuru w’ubwigenge bw’igihugu cya Congo, nuko kuva ubwo ntiyongera kugaruka mu Rwanda.
Amatora amaze kurangira mu Rwanda hose, kw’italiki ya 26/10/1960 hashyizweho leta y’u Rwanda y’agateganyo, iyoborwa na Gerigori Kayibanda wabaye Minisitirui w’Intebe icyo gihe kuko ari we wari mw’ishyaka ryegukanye amajwi menshi kurusha andi mashyaka ari ryo Parti de l’Emancipation Hutu. Ubundi baricara bategereza ko Umwami Kigeli V agaruka baraheba.
Mu kwezi kwa mbere 1961, Minisitiri w’Intebe Gerigori Kayibanda amaze kubona ko igihugu kimaze kumara amezi atandatu nta mukuru w’Igihugu gifite kandi kiri mu ngorane no mw’ikorosi rikomeye mu mateka yacyo, yafashe icyemezo cyo kujya kureba umubiligi wari Resident Special w’u Rwanda Colonel BEM Rogiest, amubwira ko umwami Kigeli yatereranye igihugu n’abanyarwanda hakaba hashize amazi 6 agiye akanga kugaruka mu Rwanda, ko rero nka Minisitiri w’Intebe asabye u Bubiligi bwari bufite u Rwanda ho indagizo, uruhushya rwo gukoresha inama rusange y’abayobozi bari bamaze gutorwa mu gihugu cyose (ababurugumesitiri n’abajyanama ba komini) bakitoramo Umukuru w’Igihugu wo gusimbura Umwami Kigeli V wagitereranye.
Minisititi w’Intebe Gerigori Kayibanda ababiligi bamuhaye uruhushya rwo gukoresha inama idasanzwe, n’uko kw’italiki itazibagirana mu mateka y’u Rwanda ya 28/01/1961 ababurugumesitiri n’abajyanama ba komini bari bamaze gutorwa n’abaturage bateranira i Gitarama. Bamaze kugaragarizwa ibimenyetso simusiga byerekena ko Umwami Kigeli V yataye igihugu hakaba hashize amezi 6 atakikirangwamo, bemeje ko kuva uwo munsi Ubwami mu Rwanda buvuyeho, ko u Rwanda rubaye Repubulika, batora Perezida wa Repubulika w’agateganyo Nyakubahwa Mbonyumutwa Dominiko wo mw’ishyaka Parti de l’Emancipation Hutu, Gerigori Kayibanda akomeza kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe, ubundi impundu ziravuga mu Rwanda hose ko Umukuru w’Igihugu yabonetse.
Umwami Kigeli V n’ishyaka UNAR ryari rimushyigikiye mu kwanga isangira ry’ubutegetsi hagati y’abana b’u Rwanda bose nta vangura, bahise bajyana ikirego mu muryango w’abibumbye (l’ONU/UN) ko hari abantu bafashe ubutegetsi ku ngufu mu Rwanda bakamukuraho we n’Ubwami bwe kandi kuri we ubwo bwami bwe nawe ubwe ari intanyeganyezwa.
Umuryango w’abibumbye kugirango ukemure izo mpaka wahise utegura amatora ya KAMARAMPAKA (referendum) yabaye mu Rwanda hose kw’italiki ya 25/09/1961, abanyarwanda bongera kwemeza ko badashaka ubutegetsi bushingiye ku Bwami ubwo ari bwo bwose, bemeza ko bashaka ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri Repubulika.
Ishyaka PRM/MRP-ABASANGIZI rirashimira abanyarwanda kuba barahisemo ubutegetsi bushingiye ku mahame ya Repubulika kuko byagaragaye n’ahandi hose kw’isi ko ayo mahame, iyo ashyizwe mu bikorwa uko yakabaye n’uko bikwiye, agiririra akamaro kanini igihugu na ne benecyo mu gukemura ibibazo gifite no kugera ku majyambere arambye.Amwe mu y’ingenzi muri ayo mahame ni aya:
(1) Ubutegetsi ni ubw’ababenegihigu(abaturage) bose, butangwa nabo ubwabo (ntibuvukanwa), kandi akaba ari bo bukorera;
(2) Abenegihugu nibo batanga ubutegetsi ubwo ari bwo bwose bakabuha undi mwenegihugu uwo ari we wese bashatse binyuze mu nzira z’amatora kandi bakabumwambura igihe bashakiye mu gihe bo ubwabo basanze ko yabakoshereje birenze urugero;
(3) Kureshya kw’abanegihugu bose imbere y’igihugu cyabo n’imbere y’amategeko akigenga;
(4) Kuba Leta igendera ku mategeko, ntawe uyasumba kabone niyo yaba ari Umukuru w’Igihugu; nawe amategeko akamuhana igihe yayarenzeho cyangwa se yitwaye mu byo akora nk’aho ayo mategeko areba abandi batari we;
(5) Ubutegetsi budafitwe n’umuntu umwe gusa cyangwa urwego rumwe gusa ahubwo buri mu maboko y’inzego zinyuranye, Umukuru w’Igihugu ntabe yaravukanye imbuto ahubwo agatorwa n’abenegihugu kandi agategeka igihe kibaze, yakirangiza abandi benegihugu bose babishaka bakiyamamariza kumusimbura.
Aya mahame ya Repubulika iyo uyongeyeho amahame ya demokarasi ashigiye ku burenganzira bunyuranye kandi busesuye bwa buri mwenegihugu mu gihugu cye hamwe n’ibyo agomba na we igihugu cye n’abenegihugu bagenzi be, ugira igihugu kiza cyane kibereye abenegihugu bose. Igihugu buri mwenegihugu agendamo yemye kandi akishimira kukibamo kuko akibonamo akumva nawe ari igihugu cye kuko kimufata kimwe n’abandi benegihugu bose nta gutonesha, nta gucagura, nta vangura iryo ari ryo ryose rijemo.
Aya mahame ya Repubulika na demokarasi twizihizaho isabukuru y’imyaka 53 Repubulika imaze ishinzwe mu Rwanda, ari mu byatumye ishyaka ryacu PRM/MRP-ABASANGIZI ryitabira gufatanya n’andi mashyaka ya politiki mu gushyiraho umutwe w’ingabo COALITION FORCES FOR CHANGE IN RWANDA/COALITION DES FORCES DU CHAGEMENT AU RWANDA(CFCR) kuko ari ingabo zirimo abanyarwanda bose nta kuvangura kandi ntawe uherekeje undi ahubwo bose bazifitemo ijambo n’uburenganzira bungana. Ni ingabo zitegurirwa kurengera ubusugire bw’igihugu cyose no kubungabunga umutekano n’ubuzima bw’abanyarwanda bose aho kubica cyangwa se kwica bamwe muri bo nkuko ingabo zindi zose zabayeho mu mateka y’u Rwanda zabigenjeje kugeza ubu.
Amahame ya Repubulika na demokarasi mu ngabo zacu yahereye , arakomereza kandi azakomereza mu ntango y’imyitozo yazo ko ari ingabo za Repubulika y’u Rwanda, ko ari ingabo z’abanyarwanda bose, ko atari ingabo z’umuntu runaka uwo ari ari we wese kabone ni yo ya ari Umukuru w’Igihugu, cyangwa se ishyaka runaka iryo ari ryo ryose, ko umwanzi w’u Rwanda zigomba kurwanya atari umututsi cyangwa umuhutu. Umwanzi w’u Rwanda ni ubutegetsi ubwo ari bwo bwose nka buriya bwa Perezida Kagame na FPR ye bwirirwa bwica abantu, bwubakiye ku gitugu, ikinyoma, iterabwoba, ivangurabwoko, urugomo, akarengane, ubwibone, kunyereza abantu no kubica, no kunyereza umutungo w’igihugu. Bene buriya butegetsi bwubakiye ku mabi nkariya ni bwo ingabo zacu zitozwa ko ari abanzi ba Repubulika y’u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda bose kuko umunyarwanda wese ubuneze agashaka kuburyoza amabi bukorera abanyarwanda bumwica, yaba umuhutu yaba umututsi. Bene buriya butegetsi bubi kuriya, ni bwo ingabo zacu zitozwa kujya gukuraho no kubohora u Rwanda n’abanyarwanda; icyo tugamije akaba ari ukugirango u Rwanda rwacu rube mugongo mugari uheka abana barwo bose uko bakabaye.
Bikorewe Savannah, Georgia, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika taliki ya 26/01/2014
Dr. Gasana Anastase, Chairman wa PRM/MRP-ABASANGIZI;
Mr. Mukeshimana Isaac, Visi-Perezida ushinzwe ibya politiki;
Mr. Batungwanayo Janvier, Visi-Perezida ushinzwe ihuzabikorwa.
Mushatse kutwandikira mugira icyo mutubaza cyangwa se mutwungura ibitekerezo, email yacu ni [email protected]
