Mbere yo gutangira iyi nyandiko ntanga igitekerezo cyanjye, nifuje kubanza gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku bazasoma inyandiko yanjye. Iyi nyandiko ni igitekerezo bwite cy’uko mbona ibintu nkurikije uko mbona politiki y’u Rwanda muri iki gihe, si ihame ridakuka ahubwo navuga ko ari impaka zifunguriwe mu bwubahane kuri buri wese ubibona ukundi cyangwa ufite ikindi yakongera kuri iyi nyandiko. Narangiza mvuga ko akazi kanjye atari ugushimisha cyangwa kubabaza runaka uvuze ko nyiri urugo yapfuye siwe uba wamwishe.
Mukwibaza uko amatora aciye mu mucyo yagenda nirengagije bimwe, birimo uburyo FPR yaba yavuye ku butegetsi cyangwa yemeye gutanga urubuga rwa politiki, ababa babigizemo uruhare ngo ibintu bihinduke n’ibindi, uburyo FPR na Kagame baba banannye, uwo amahanga yaba ashyigikiye cyangwa igitutu cy’amahanga cyaba kibirimo n’ibindi.. Kuba hari n’amashyaka yazima akibagirana burundu nabyo birashoboka. Cyane cyane adafite indi gahunda nzima uretse gukuraho FPR na Kagame gusa cyangwa abereyeho guherekeza FPR gusa.
Natekereje mu gihe Kagame yakwemera kwegama agahabwa imbabazi we na FPR bakemererwa gukomeza gufatanya n’abandi banyarwanda kubaka igihugu bityo n’abakurikiranwe kubera Genocide bagahabwa imbabazi rusange bagakurwa no mu kato mpuzamahanga. Amahanga uruhare rwayo ni runini kuko hari amahanga menshi adashyigikiye ko habaho ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi mu Rwanda cyane cyane afite uruhare mu burasirazuba bwa Congo (kuko ntabwo byashoboka ko ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarsi mu Rwanda bwakwivanga mu kibazo cya Congo) cyangwa ayagize uruhare mu bihe bibi u Rwanda rwaciyemo atinya ko uruhare rwayo rwagaragazwa.
Ndatangirira kubo nabona batsinda n’impamvu mbona yatsinda (icyabongerera amahirwe n’icyabagabanyiriza amahirwe) ishyaka cyangwa umunyapolitiki utaribwiyumve cyangwa akumva namuvuze uko atari ntabindenganyirize ahubwo byaba byiza nk’uko navuze ko ari impaka zifunguye asobanuye n’uko nawe abona ibintu.
1. Impuzamashyaka FDU-RNC-Amahoro (nshobora kongeraho mu dukubo ishyaka PS imberakuri mu gihe ryaba ryiyemeje kuba kumwe n’aya mashyaka ariko kugeza ubu uretse ubufatanye bumwe na bumwe ntabwo riri muri iyi mpuzamashyaka. Ntabwo nabura kuvuga ko hari amashyaka mato yandi ashobora kugana iyi mpuzamashyaka): Kuri njye nta gushidikanya ko iyi mpuzamashya yatsinda amatora hatagize igihinduka mu murego uhari.
Iyi mpuzamashyaka yagaragaje ibikorwa byinshi byatinyuye abanyarwanda benshi bituma abanyarwanda benshi b’amoko yose bitabira kurwanya ubutegetsi bwa FPR nta pfunwe mu gihe mu myaka yashize kurwanya FPR bamwe babyitaga ubuterahamwe. Ku banyarwanda baba batekereza ko ubutegetsi busangiwe n’abahutu n’abatutsi aribwo bwazana amahoro arambye benshi batora iyi mpuzamashyaka kubera ibikorwa byinshi yagezeho muri iyi myaka ishize navuga nko gutuma Kagame ahabwa akato mu buryo mpuzamahanga, gutuma ijwi rya opposition nyarwanda ryumvikana mu buryo mpuzamahanga, kuba ryaratangiye ibikorwa mu Rwanda n’ibindi. Kuba hari abantu bakomeye muri politiki bari muri iyi mpuzamashyaka nabyo byongera amahirwe. Ariko umuzigo w’ibyaha bishinjwa abahoze muri FPR waremerera iyi mpuzamashyaka.
Nka Madame Victoire Ingabire izina rye ryatuma amahirwe y’iyi mpuzamashyaka yiyongera kuko ifungwa rye ryamugize icyamamare mu banyarwanda kandi kuba ari mu buroko bituma atajya ku rubuga rwa politiki ku buryo yagira amakosa ya politiki akora yatuma amahirwe ye agabanuka. Kuba ari umugore kandi w’umuhutu kazi nabyo byamuha amahirwe menshi mu bahutu bamaze igihe mu karengane no mu buryo bwo guterwa ishema n’uko ubuyobozi bufitwe n’umuhutu tutanibagiwe ko hari benshi mu bahutu babibonamo umutekano wabo no kumva batarenganywa. Uwavuga ko Madame Ingabire ari inkingi ikomeye y’ishyaka FDU Inkingi ntabwo yaba yibeshye.
Ku ruhande rw’ihuriro RNC icyo navuga n’uko amahirwe menshi ryayakura mu ruhare iryo huriro ryaba ryagize mu kugamburuza Kagame, abayobozi b’iri huriro bakomoka mu bwoko bw’abatutsi bari mu byakurura abatutsi bigatuma batora iyi mpuzamashyaka kubera gushaka umutekano wabo batinya ko intsinzi y’amashyaka yiganjemo abahutu yatuma batotezwa cyangwa bamwe muri bo bakaryozwa ibyo bakoze n’ibyo batakoze. Andi mahirwe ya RNC n’uko yaba ubuhungiro bw’abatutsi baba bashaka kwikuraho umuzigo w’ibibi byakozwe na FPR dore ko FPR n’ubwo yagumaho yaba ari igikanka gusa kuko abayobozi bayo bahorana umuzigo wo guhora bisobanura ku mabi yakozwe na FPR n’iyo bitaba mu nkiko ariko mu mpaka za politiki byaba ari nk’ikipe yinjira mu kibuga ifite umwenda w’ibitego byinshi igomba kwishyura.
Ikibazo cyo kutizera bamwe mu batutsi bahoze muri FPR kiri mu bintu bimwe bishobora gutuma hari abahutu benshi badashira amakenga iyi mpuzamashyaka kuko baba babona ko abahutu bari muri iyi mpuzamashyaka ari ibikoresho abatutsi bahoze muri FPR bashaka gukoresha ngo bagere ku butegetsi biboroheye cyangwa bakwepe ubutabera.
Ibyaha biregwa bamwe mu bari muri RNC birimo n’iby’ubwicanyi biri mubyagabanya amahirwe mu gihe amashyaka yaba ahanganye n’iyi mpuzamashyaka yabikoresha muri propaganda ndetse no mu gihe abakurikiranyweho cyangwa bafungiye Genocide baba badahawe imbabazi ngo basubire mu buzima busanzwe byaba mu Rwanda cyangwa mu mahanga. Muri make imbabazi rusange ku byaha byose byabaye mu Rwanda kuri bose zitabayeho iyi mpuzamashyaka byayigora kuko amaherezo bazajya bahora mu bibazo by’ubutabera kandi n’abayirwanya bazajya babona aho bapfumurira ku buryo bworoshye.
2.Ishyaka Ishema
Iri shyaka ni ishyaka rikomeye kandi bigaragara ko rizagera kure, akenshi abarigize ntibatinya ndetse baterwa ishema no kwitwa abahutu. Abenshi muri bo ntacyo bishinja mu byaha bimwe na bimwe byabaye mu Rwanda bityo bakaba bakunze gushyira ubutabera imbere kugira ngo buryoze abari muri FPR n’abayihozemo ibyo bakoreye abahutu. Kuri bo ubu butabera n’iyo butasiga amahoro abahutu baregwa Genocide ntacyo byabatwara kuko ngo ntacyo bishinja nk’uko badatinya kubisubiramo. Umuntu avuze ko iri shyaka rishobora gutsinda impuzamashyaka RNC-FDU-Amahoro batitonze ntabwo yaba akabije.
Kugarura Ishema ryo kwitwa umuhutu mu minsi ishize byari bimaze kuba igisebo biri mu byaha amahirwe menshi iri shyaka. Kuba rigaragaza akarengane abahutu bagirirwa ndetse ntirinatinye kwiyitiranya na MDR-Parmehutu byakurura benshi mu bahutu barambiwe akarengane bagirirwa kubera ubwoko bwabo.
Kuba Padiri Nahimana Thomas ari umupadiri wa Kiliziya Gaturika biri mubyakurura abagaturika benshi mu gihe yakoresha iyi turufu neza akiyegereza abandi bihaye Imana ndetse n’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa Kiliziya gatorika cyane cyane Vatikani.
Kuba abanyapolitiki b’iri shyaka benshi ari bashya muri politiki ni imwe mu mpamvu zatuma bizerwa kuko abo bahanganye byabagora kujya babona ibyo babarega.
Inzitizi iri shyaka ryahura naryo ryaba rishingiye akenshi ku kuvugisha inani na rimwe bitera ubwoba bamwe mu batutsi, ndetse hari bamwe bashobora kubibonamo kugarura ubutegetsi bw’abahutu gusa bityo mugihe abatutsi bahezwa amahoro arambye akaba ari kure nk’ukwezi.
Indi nzitizi n’imiterere ya Padiri Thomas Nahimana nk’umunyapolitiki ku giti cye. Iri shyaka kuba ryamwitirirwa bishobora gutuma yahinduka umunyagitugu mu gihe hatakubakwa inzego zikomeye muri iri shyaka. Ikindi ni ihangana rya hato na hato rya Padiri Nahimana na bamwe mu bo badahuje ibitekerezo akenshi mu itangazamakuru ritera ubwoba benshi ku buryo bibaza niba afite ubutegetsi atabamarira mu buroko! Ikindi anengwa ni uguhubuka no kuvuga ukuri kwinshi mu gihe hari benshi babona burya muri politiki umuntu yagombye kuvuga aziga. Hari n’abasanga kuba Padiri Nahimana akunda guhangana n’umushotoye wese ndetse cyane cyane n’abantu navuga ko ari iteshamutwe gusa bigaragara nko kwishyira mu rwego rwo hasi mu gihe ari umuntu twakwita ko afite urwego rwa politiki agezeho rutamwemerera gupfa kuvuga cyangwa gukora ibyo abonye byose.
3. FPR: Iri shyaka n’ubwo rikomeye ubu ntabwo ingufu rifite ryazigumana mu gihe haba hari ubwisanzure, ryubakiye ku gitugu n’ingufu z’abategetsi n’abashinzwe umutekano kandi abarigize bakoreye amabi menshi abanyarwanda ku buryo nk’uko nabivuze kare ryajya rihora mu byo kwisobanura rimeze nk’ikipe yinjiye mu kibuga ifite umwenda w’ibitego byinshi. Aha ariko imibereho yaryo yashoboka mu gihe abandi banyapolitiki bayorohera bakumva ko nayo ikenewe mu kubaka umuryango nyarwanda.
Abayitora akenshi baba babishingiye kw’impfunwe ry’uko nta buryo babona batinyuka kwinjira mu yandi mashyaka. Hari benshi bakoranye na FPR baba barabaye nka cya kirondwe (nostalgique) barigumamo kubera kwanga kuva kw’izima cyangwa ubutagondwa.
Ntawashidikanya ko hari abayitora cyane cyane abayitiranya n’ubwoko bw’abatutsi. Ikindi imiterere y’uwaba ayiyoboye n’ingufu yaba afite nabyo byagira uruhare runini.
Abanyapolitiki cyangwa amashyaka yagiye mu kwaha kwa FPR ashobora kwibagirana akagenda nk’ifuni iheze keretse amwe muriyo asubiranywe n’abanyapolitiki bayahozemo mbere y’uko abohozwa na FPR, aha natanga urugero rw’ishyaka nka PSD.
Abenshi mu bari muri FPR cyane cyane abatutsi bakwigira muri RNC cyangwa mu bashyigikiye Umwami, hari abahutu benshi bo bagerageza kujya mu yandi mashyaka barimanganya ko bashyizwe muri FPR ku ngufu.
5.FDLR:Kuba uyu mutwe wararwanye ku mpunzi z’abanyarwanda mu mashyamba ya Congo ndetse kuba ari n’ikimenyetso cyo kwihagararaho kw’abahutu hakoreshejwe intwaro byatuma utorwa na bamwe ariko kuba izina ryayo ryaranduye mu buryo mpuzamahanga byaba imbogamizi, kuba muri iyi minsi ihabwa agaciro n’amahanga ndetse hakaba hari n’abanyapolitiki b’abanyarwanda bayivugira ku mugaragaro nabyo si ibyo kwirengagizwa. Kuba bivugwa ko FDLR yaba yaracengewe na FPR ikaba isigaye ari igikoresho cya FPR kimeze nka baringa yo guteza umutekano muke muri Congo no kwereka amahanga byayigabanyiriza icyizere. Ingufu FDLR ifite cyangwa itizwa nizigaraga biri mu bizatuma yizerwa. Kuzashaka gahunda ihamye ijyanye n’igihe cy’amahoro no kwifatanya n’abandi byayongerera amahirwe mu gihe hari abanyarwanda bamwe babona ko itagikenewe kuko wenda Kagame yaba adahari n’impunzi yarengeraga zaratahutse.
4. Ishyaka PS Imberakuri: Kuba rigizwe n’urubyiruko rwatinyutse rukarwanya FPR nta bwoba hari benshi baritora. Izina rya Bernard Ntaganda ryamaze kwamamara ku buryo ryaryongerera amahirwe. Imbogamizi ryahura naryo n’uko ryagiye ricikamo ibice cyane ku buryo ntawakwizera ko ritabamo intambara y’imyanya no kongera gucikamo ibice. Kuba ryashingira gusa kuri Bernard Ntaganda ntiryubake inzego zikomeye nabyo byarigwa nabi.
5. RDI: Iri shyaka uwavuga ko rishingiye kuri Bwana Twagiramungu Faustin ntabwo yaba akabije. Bivuge ko mu matora amajwi ryabona yaba akenshi ashingiye kuri Bwana Twagiramungu yakura aho avuka cyangwa mu nshuti n’abavandimwe.
Bwana Twagiramungu ni umunyapolitiki w’inararibonye ariko kuba yarakoranye na FPR ntabwo yigeze abibabarirwa n’abanyarwanda benshi bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu. Ntako atagize ngo agarurirwe icyizere ariko byaranze uretse mu 2003 aho yatowe n’abanyarwanda benshi bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu ariko ari ukubura uko bagira bagamije guhima Kagame gusa.
6.Abanyapolitiki ku giti cyabo: Hari abanyapolitiki bafite amashyaka ariko usanga aribo ashingiyeho ku buryo batayarimo ayo mashyaka atabaho.
-Aha navuga nka Déogratias Mushayidi ntashidikanya ko yatorwa ku giti cye ku bwinshi kubera ubutwari yagaragaje no kuba yarafunzwe azira ibitekerezo bye ariko ishyaka rye nta ngufu rigaragaza.
-Hari abandi banyapolitiki bagiye bagaragaza ingufu n’ubuhanga byatuma bizerwa n’abanyarwanda baba bafite amashyaka cyangwa batayafite nka ba Joseph Sebarenzi n’abandi. Uburyo bakwiyereka abanyarwanda n’uburyo bakwishyira hamwe ngo bagire amashyaka afite ingufu biri mu byabaha amahirwe bitabaye ibyo umuntu azajya atorwa ku giti cye abone amajwi ahagije cyangwa ayabure bitewe n’uburyo yiyamamaje, kuba abafite amashyaka arenga 20 yitwa ko ari muri opposition bose bazatorwa byo sinabihamya.
-Hari abandi bafite amashyaka ariko twakwita ko ari baringa basa nk’abategereje imishyikirano ngo babone imyanya, uwavuga ko barangije gupfa mu buryo bwa politiki ntabwo yaba abeshye kuko iyo urebye batigeze babarirwa na benshi mu banyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abahutu babafata nk’abagambanyi. Aha navuga nka na Anastase Gasana, Gen Emmanuel Habyalimana n’abandi
Marc Matabaro
The Rwandan
